Wambiri Saltykov-Shchedrin: Moyo ndi Ntchito

January 15, 1826 m'mudzi waung'ono wa m'chigawo lina la Tver anabadwa Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. The yonena za munthu uyu bwino lodzala ndi kunyoza anthu ndi zimene boma zida za nthawi yake. Komabe, zinthu oyamba.

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich: Wambiri zaka zoyambilira

Tsogolo wotchuka wolemba anabadwa mu banja la fuko lomveka olemera. Mwa njira, Saltykov - dzina lake lenileni. Shchedrin - kulenga dzina. Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake mnyamata unachitikira ku malo bambo ake. Pa nthawi imeneyi zinachitika zaka zovuta kwambiri serfdom. Pamene m'mayiko ambiri a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya zachitika kale kapena zinachitika pa sayansi ndi luso zisinthe, komanso anayamba asapita capitalist, ndi Russian Ufumu ndi sankalimbana nafe kwambiri anakonza dongosolo lake akale. Ndipo izo mwanjira kusunga ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zazikulu ambiri ndi kugwira ntchito makina boma, njira yaikulu Finyani madzi onse a kalasi wamba. Ndipotu lonse moyo wamtsogolo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin ikusonyeza chakuti iye anali ndi mpata wokwanira kusunga zinthu alimi mu zaka zoyambilira. Izi chidwi kwambiri kuona kuti mnyamata ndi anasiya amaonekera pa ntchito zake zonse zam'tsogolo. maphunziro a kupulayimale Michael afika ku nyumba, komanso zaka khumi, analowa Moscow Institute of otchuka. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira zaka ziwiri zokha, kusonyeza luso lapadera. Ndipo kale mu 1838 umasamutsidwa ku Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, analandira boma la maphunziro. patapita zaka zingapo, anamaliza sukuluyi ndi akulowa ofesi othandiza usilikali.

Wambiri Saltykov-Shchedrin: chiyambi cha ntchito yolenga

Apa wachinyamata akuchita kwambiri chidwi mu mabuku a nthawi wake, amangokhalira limati Zhorzh Sand, ndi French Choonadi ndi Socialists. Nthawi imeneyi analemba woyamba nkhani yake: "zotsutsana," "Ovuta Kumvetsa Lonse," "Mfundo za Lathu". Komabe, chikhalidwe cha ntchito imeneyi, akuphulikira ufulu kuganiza ndi Zotengera pa autocracy tsarist, kale kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya boma ndi kapitawo wamng'ono.

Wambiri Saltykov-Shchedrin: kulenga kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza mphamvu ya boma

Mu 1848, Mikhail Evgrafovich ku ukapolo ku Vyatka. Kumeneko analowa utumiki wa boma malamulo. Nthawiyi inatha mu 1855, pamene wolemba potsiriza analola kuti achoke mu mzindawo. Kubwerera ku ukapolo, anaikidwa mkulu ntchito yapadera pa Minister State wa Mkati. Mu 1860 anakhala wachiwiri-bwanamkubwa wa Tver. Pa nthawi yomweyo wolemba kamodzinso tikupitiriza ntchito yake luso. Kale mu 1862 iye anasiya boma ndipo ikusonyeza mabuku. Pa kuyitana kwa SERGEY Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin akadzafika mu St. Petersburg ndipo anakonza mu mawu a "Contemporary". Kumeneko, ndipo kenako mu "Mfundo za Lathu" magazini, pamene iye anali kuikidwa pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya yomweyo Nekrasov chikudutsa zaka zambiri kuberekana ntchito yake yolenga. A zambiri nkhani, nkhani satirical ndipo, ndithudi, wotchuka grotesque Kunena: "Mbiri ya City", "Modern Idyll" ndipo ena - zinalembedwa pa theka lachiwiri la 1860-1870 gg.

Wambiri Saltykov-Shchedrin: zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1880s ndi ntchito satirical wolemba otchuka pakati pa anzeru, koma nthawi yomweyo koposa anazunzidwa ndi boma tsarist. Choncho, kutseka magazini "Mfundo za Lathu", pomwe linasindikizidwa, kukakamiza Michael Evgrafovich kufunafuna ofalitsa kunja. Chiletso pa makina m'dziko kunyumba kwambiri kuchichepetsa thanzi la munthu salinso wamng'ono. Ndipo ngakhale zinalembedwa wotchuka "nkhani" ndi "Poshehonsky akale" Kwa zaka zingapo anali zaka, nyonga zake ndinachoka mwamsanga. May 10, 1889, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin anafa. Wolemba, malinga ndi pempho lake mu chifuniro chake, naikidwa St. Petersburg, pafupi ndi manda Turgenev.