Yuro Malo: mbiri ya chilengedwe

Latsopano kuthetsa ndalama - yuro - anali koyamba mu 1999. Kale kuyambira 01.01.2002 wachifundo Izi inafalitsidwa mu kufalitsa ndalama mu mawonekedwe a ndalama ziwalo ndi banknotes. Pakali pano, a m'dera yuro zikuphatikizapo m'mayiko monga Austria ndi Belgium, Germany ndi Greece, Ireland ndi Spain, Italy ndi Cyprus, Luxembourg ndi Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia ndi Slovenia, France, Finland ndi Estonia. Pa gawo la mayiko 17 ali makope ndalama umodzi.

Mtengo wa yuro

Cholinga chachikulu cha EU ndi kulenga danga umodzi zachuma, okhoza kuti apereke thandizo la ndalama pakati limati ake membala. Kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi, woyendera nthambi yuro analengedwa.

Chikhumbo cha kusakanikirana

Ndalama yuro zone inali ntchito odzitukumula cha m'ma 20. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito anaima, mosakayikira, wakhala lonse zotsatira ndale ndiponso zachuma, kukhala mmodzi wa magawo lovuta kwambiri la ndondomeko kusakanikirana kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Single msika mkati analipo mu EU kuyambira 1993. Komabe, ntchito ake sakanakhoza kukhala bwino. chakuti mayiko EU nawo nthawi yawo kachitidwe national ndalama osiyana Chrixitu kusinthasintha mlingo, misonkho ndi milingo mtengo. Imeneyi wa wathunthu pazachuma sindikanapita ngakhale kulankhula. Kuthetsa onse mwa mavuto ameneŵa ndi zone yuro analengedwa. Chuma m'mayiko ake onse membala nthawi yomweyo Nthawi zambiri yopindulitsa chifukwa kayendedwe ufulu wa misonkhano, katundu, likulu ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito.

United chilango zachuma wakhala kwambiri mwapang'onopang'ono malangizo ndi pa mlingo zazikulu za citukuko. M'mayiko EU pooled awo zachuma kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe supranational ya zachuma. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri molondola kuthana ndi mavuto inflationary, malipiro m'munsi msonkho ndi chiwongola dzanja. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti kukula kwa ntchito ndi kupanga, ndipo nayenso anakhala maziko mtendere kwa ndalama za boma.

Ntchito ya zone yuro ndi mabizinesi onse. Ndipotu yamtundu umodzi ndi ndondomeko ya ndalama zilipo pa dera la EMU zikutanthauza makampani kuchepetsa mavuto a zachuma komanso mtengo chofunika, komanso ndalama utumiki wake woikidwiratu. Mkubwela kwa yuro m'mayiko onse mu mgwirizano ndalama yakhala ikuchitidwa limodzi ndalama lamulo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kuchepa mu kukula kwa zosowa za likulu ntchito.

History Association of machitidwe ndalama European

Kodi achinyamata lingaliro la yuro ndi? Konse. Kuyesa kugwirizanitsa machitidwe ndalama za m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pachibwenzi ku nthawi imene ndalama poyamba. Choncho, mabungwe ndalama anali anamaliza pakati pa wakale Greek mzinda-limati. ndalama wosindikiza mwaufulu anayenda m'dziko lonselo.

Khama waukulu kuti akonze dongosolo wamba ndalama ndi gulu la malonda ndi chilumikizano andale a mizinda Baltic. Mu 13-16 zaka TH. Iwo ali ndi League Hanseatic. Pa nthawi osiyana nawo mmudzi nzika 70 170.

Kuyesa kugwirizanitsa mu imodzi mwa zingapo machitidwe ndalama anapitiriza m'tsogolo. Choncho, mu theka 1 zana la 19. Inatenga angapo ntchito pa kaphatikizidwe kachitidwe osiyana ndalama mu chimango cha mayiko kale kapena kumene analenga.

Mu theka 2 wa c 19. aliyense Latin ndi Scandinavia ndalama mgwirizano mu Europe. M'malire awo ndalama nayamba kunyamula pa maziko chosiyana.

The zinachitika m'dera yuro ndikukhulupirira Latin ndalama wamphumphu, unakhazikitsidwa mu December 1865 m'mayiko monga France ndi Italy, Belgium ndi Switzerland. Nkhondo ndi Napoleon machitidwe ndalama m'mayiko amenewa anali ofanana. Patatha zaka zitatu, mu Latin Union inasanduka ndi Greece.

Maziko a European Union

njira Kusakanikirana pakati limati kwambiri inapita patsogolo mayendedwe ake kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Zinali maphunziro chachikulu mavuto aakulu n'zotheka kutsitsimutsa kumvetsa yopewera kukula kwa dziko mu Europe. choyambilira wina kwa mathamangitsidwe wa ndondomeko kusakanikirana chinali chokhumba cha States zolimbitsira ake Kusakhazikika zachuma. Kubwezeretsa yekha kutchuka ndi ndale malo ake padziko lonse anafuna makamaka anagonjetsa Germany. Komanso, mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya atigwirizanitse kutsitsa chikoka lonse la USSR.

Chiyambi cha ndondomeko kusakanikirana

N'chifukwa chiyani kugwirizana kwa Ulaya wayamba? Poyambira za ndondomeko kusakanikirana imatengedwa atchedwe French mtumiki yachilendo Robert Schuman. Mu chikalata ichi, lofalitsidwa 09.05.1950, pa maganizo kukhazikitsa ECSC (European malasha ndi zitsulo). mgwirizano umenewu yosainidwa ndi Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg ndi Netherlands. The kaphatikizidwe wa gawo ili yofunika kwambiri chuma atsegula chiyembekezo kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa ndondomeko ndi m'madera ena.

masiteji zotsatirazi inakhazikitsidwa ndi European Community Economic (25.03.1957 g), ndi European Atomic Energy Community.

Documents malamulo kufalitsa ndalama single

Mu 1962, EU anapereka memorandum limene kwa nthawi yoyamba analankhula za kufunika kwa kulenga limodzi mfundo ndalama European. Ilo linali lingaliro la "ndalama njoka", umene unali mtengo mitengo fixation m'mayiko onse, kuthetsera malire ena. Komabe, sikunali kotheka kugwiritsa dongosolo posachedwapa. Chifukwa kuti anali mavuto mphamvu ya 1972, imene kwambiri adakula mtengo wa mafuta.

The zinachitika kwa yuro polima yekha mu 1979. Zinali ndiye anagwirizana yosainidwa pakati pa EU mabanki chapakati kuchepetsa malire a kusinthasintha ndalama. M'tsogolo, lingaliro la chilengedwe m'dera yuro anayamba kupanga mu Maastricht Pangano (1992) ndi Single European Act (1986). Mu zolemba izi, maziko anatsimikiza zosayembekezereka wa ndalama imodzi, ndandanda kwa oyamba ake, komanso malamulo a boma bajeti mamembala a kumene analenga Union.

i kukhazikika

Kodi boma sakhoza kulowa zone yuro? Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ayenera kukumana mfundo zotsatirazi:

• osiyana kusinthitsa ndalama mutendele;
• ndimasewera ena a mitengo;
• ndi dongosolo yotheka ndalama.

N'chifukwa chiyani zone yuro kotero udzafunidwa pa anthu ake? Compliance akugwirizana ndi pamwamba kulola dziko lililonse osati apindule wa danga umodzi chuma kwa onse koma kwambiri kumubweretsa wina kuchuluka kwa chopereka positive. Only mu nkhani iyi, woyendera nthambi yuro tingawadziwe moyenera chitukuko cha dera zachuma. izi i zonse mosamala bata anali enshrined mu Maastricht Pangano.

Kupanga bungwe ndalama

Amene amaperekera yuro? nchito imeneyi anapatsidwa ndi European Monetary Institute, limene lili mu Frankfurt-ndine-Main. Chikalata pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe ili yosainidwa mu 1994. Pa nthawiyo European Institute Monetary cholinga chake chinali kutsogolera chilengedwe cha polojekiti yuro ndi kuwunika njira zachuma zikuchitika mu EU.

Mwalamulo, kusintha kwa ndalama imodzi, analengeza pa msonkhano, chomwe chinkachitika Madrid kumapeto 1995. Pamenepo banknotes latsopano ndi nalo dzina lake - "yuro".

Maonekedwe a yatsopanoyi

Mayiko mu zone yuro anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito watsopano ndalama wagawo 01.01.2002 Pa tsiku limeneli la mankhwala anali kudzipatula Belgium ndi Franc French, ndi mapaundi Irish, Finland ndi German Marko, peseta Spanish ndi Chitaliyana Lira, Austria schillingi, Chipwitikizi escudos ndipo guilders Dutch.

Koma m'mayiko amenewa sadzakhalanso sachoka m'deralo yuro. mayiko a ku Ulaya sikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda pachiyambi, nthawi zonse amayesetsa kulera ntchito zachuma. Choncho, kukumana i zofunika ndi chinali 2006 chokha Slovenia. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, nawonso analowa mu Yuro nthambi. Ndi 01.01 2008 anaonekera mu mndandanda wa Cyprus ndi Malta, ndipo kuyambira 2009 - Slovakia.

dongosolo zolipiritsa

Chofunika kwambiri kuti ali zoni yuro - pa Trans-European makina System. Timatha mabungwe onse malonda kupanga ndalama Intaneti. ntchito dongosolo unayambitsidwa imodzi ndi oyamba a ndalama yuro. Izi kuchepetsa nthawi wofunikila ndime ya malipiro pakati pa mabungwe m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha yatsopanoyi

Kukhazikika mu EU zone yuro wapereka mayiko ake membala kulemera ndithu mu dziko msika. Ndipo chifukwa ichi onse chakuti ophatikizana gawo la katundu opangidwa ku mayiko a European Union, ndi wofanana ndi mmodzi mwa atatu okwana dziko. Ndipo makampani kugwilizana ndi bungwe la European Union, zikamera wa yuro kunapangitsa kuti ntchito mu dera limodzi ndalama, omwe yafupika ndalama zawo kuchita wotuluka malipiro malonda mu utumiki ndipo katundu.

The yatsopanoyi amaloledwa kupanga limodzi lalikulu likulu msika. N'chifukwa chake yuro sichidziwika zobvundukuka kungasokoneze wa kusinthasintha dollar kusinthitsa ndalama kuposa ndalama iliyonse dziko. Zonsezi wakhala chofunika kwa reorientation wa otaya mayiko a likulu.

mavuto masiku ano

Mu eurozone, pali chuma asanu m'mavuto kwambiri. Iwo Tingaone mayiko monga Ireland ndi Greece, Spain ndi Portugal, Slovenia, Cyprus ndi Italy. Onse limati pamwambapa kwambiri za mangawa pawekha kapena loimira gulu.

Kodi wina panopa akumana ndi zone yuro? Mavuto a gawo zachuma imakhudzana ndi vutoli wa utuluke ndalama, imfa ndi kusowa kwa mpikisano ndi mavuto. Zonse izi zimaonekera kuuka kuchepekedwa malonda.

The vuto lalikulu la eurozone kwayamba mavuto. Zimenezi unkafalikira m'mayiko ambiri olemera a ku Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi mavuto ndi France. A slowdown lakuthwa kakulidwe chuma akukumana panthawi ndi Germany.

zimakupiza zone

Ngakhale mavuto azachuma, pakati pa mayiko a ku Ulaya si kuchepa mogwirizana masewera. Mu maiko ili pa Ulaya, pali machesi ambiri pa mpira ndi umodzi. Pakuti mayiko mafani amalenga otchedwa zone fani. Yuro 2016 Mwachitsanzo, m'madera omwe akhoza kuona mazana mafani mpira.

Komanso, anthu amene anali m'dera fani, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokambirana, misonkhano kwabwera zosiyanasiyana anali ophunzitsidwa "mpira" chilankhulo ndi zina zotero. D.