Makhalidwe a UN

Pafupifupi anthu onse adamvapo za bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi monga UN. Mamembala ake ali pafupifupi mayiko onse a dziko lapansi, koma anthu ochepa okha amadziwa bwino ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito.

Ma bungwe a UN ali ndi magawo 6 akuluakulu, omwe antchito awo amakumana ndi mavuto ena. Cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe lino ndi kukhalabe otetezeka ndi mtendere pa dziko lapansi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, bungwe la UN limalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, kukondweretsa chitukuko cha mgwirizano wonse (chikhalidwe, chuma, chithandizo, chikhalidwe). Inayambika mu 1945. Ndondomeko ya UN ikugwira ntchito kuthandiza anthu a Padziko lapansi kumadera osiyanasiyana.

Cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe ili ndi Charter. Ikulongosola ntchito ndi ufulu wa mamembala awo, kuti athe kukwanilitsa zolinga zofanana.
Momwe bungwe la UN linapangidwira kuti lilemekeze dziko lonse ufulu wa anthu ndi anthu. Kuti akwaniritse ntchito za bungwe, dziko lirilonse lidzapereka zopereka zoyenera. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti olemera dzikoli, amathandiza kwambiri bungwe la UN. Choncho, malinga ndi ziwerengero zatsopano, zoposa 82% za bajeti ya bungwe imaperekedwa ndi mayiko okwana 16 olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndalamayi imatumizidwa ku bungwe lililonse la UN kuti akwaniritse ntchito zawo.

Ma bungwe a UN akuphatikizapo mabungwe akuluakulu monga Security Council, Secretariat, General Assembly, Trusteeship Council, Economic Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice. Mmodzi mwa matupiwa amathetsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, choncho ali ndi mabungwe ambiri othandizira.

Makhalidwe a UN ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti mndandanda wa madera onsewo ukhale ndi tsamba limodzi. M'munsimu muli magawo opambana a matupi ake akulu:

1. Mabungwe othandizira otsatirawa ali pansi pa bungwe la Security Council:
Komiti Yokonzedwanso;
- Komiti Yothandizira;
- Mabungwe apadziko lonse;
Komiti ya asilikali;
Komiti Yopewera Mtendere;
- Komiti Yotsutsa;
- Komiti zoyima;
- Komiti ya 1540;
- Magulu Ogwira Ntchito pa Ana ndi Mikangano Yachiwawa.

Bwaloli liri ndi mamembala asanu ndi awiri (China, Russia, United Kingdom, United States, France) ndi mamembala khumi omwe amasankha zaka ziwiri. Ikugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Wembala aliyense azitha mwezi umodzi. Thupi ili liri ndi mphamvu zambiri pa nkhani yosunga chitetezo ndi mtendere. Zosankha za Bungwe liyenera kumayiko onse. Misonkhano imachitika nthawi zonse, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, misonkhano yodabwitsa imasonkhanitsidwa.

2. Uboma wa UN ukuphatikizapo mabungwe apadera ndi matupi:
Posachedwa;
- Gulu la Banja la World;
- Mabungwe a padziko lonse (thanzi, meteorology, katundu waluso, zokopa alendo);
- Mabungwe apadziko lonse (kayendetsedwe ka nyanja, kayendetsedwe ka ndege, ndalama za ndalama, mgwirizano wa telecommunication, bungwe la ntchito, chitukuko chaulimi);
- Mabungwe a Education, Science, Culture ndi Development Development;
- Bungwe la World Trade, Agriculture and Food Organisation;
- International Agency for Nuclear Energy;
- bungwe loletsa zida za mankhwala ndi zida za nyukiliya;
- Msonkhano Wokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu Olemala, pa Kulimbana ndi Chilengedwe, pa Kusintha kwa Nyengo;
- Maziko a demokarasi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse.

Mutu wa Secretariat ndi Mlembi Wamkulu, yemwe amasankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu pazotsatizana za Security Council.

3. Msonkhano Wachigawo udzaphatikiza ziwalo zotsatirazi:
- Komiti;
- Zopangira;
- Komiti;
- Mabungwe;
- Magulu ogwira ntchito.

Ku General Assembly, mayiko omwe akugwira nawo ntchito akuyimira voti imodzi. Thupi ili limakhala ndi magawo omwe amapangidwa nthawi zonse ndipo limagwira ntchito ndi maofesi ake ochepa. Pamsonkhano wapadera Msonkhano ukumana mu maola 24.

4. Bungwe la Trusteeship lili ndi mamembala asanu. Iye amayang'anira Malo Osakhala Odzilamulira.

5. Bungwe la Economic and Social Council lili ndi makomiti awa:

- pa chitukuko ndi anthu;
- pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- pa udindo wa akazi;
- mu sayansi ndi zamakono;
- pa chitukuko chokhazikika;
- Uphungu ndi chilungamo;
- pa chitukuko;
- Ziwerengero.

Bungwe la Msonkhanowu likuphatikizanso ma komiti a zachuma:

- kudutsa ku Ulaya;
- ku Asia ndi Pacific;
- ku West Asia;
- ku Latin America;
- ku Africa.

Bungweli likuphatikizapo makomiti osiyanasiyana, mabungwe apadera ndi akatswiri.
6. Khoti Lalikulu Lachilungamo liri ndi oweruza 15 omwe amasankhidwa zaka 9 - oimira maiko osiyanasiyana. Ulamuliro wake umatsimikiziridwa ndi Security Council.

Zomwe bungwe la United Nations likupanga likuphatikizapo mabungwe osiyanasiyana apadera. Izi zimaphatikizapo asilikali oteteza mtendere.