Secretariat ya UN: kupanga, kupanga, ntchito

Secretariat ya UN ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lomwe limayang'anira ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito ya United Nations. Imayang'aniridwa ndi Mlembi Wamkulu.

Padziko lonse lapansi

Ziwalo zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyamba za bungwe la United Nations ndi General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, Khoti Lachilungamo la International ndi Secretariat ya United Nations.

Zotsatirazi zimakhudza ntchito ya bungwe la United Nations mochuluka kuposa momwe zilili mu Tsamba la bungwe. Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti antchito a Secretariat ndi akatswiri osatha, osati olemba ndale a mayiko ena. Antchito olembedwa ozikidwa pa zoyenera, atapatsidwa lamulo logawa. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kulumbira ku UN. Saloledwa kulandira malangizo ochokera ku maboma awo. Antchito, makamaka, ndi ntchito yapadziko lonse.

Ntchito za Secretariat ya UN ndizosiyana. Omasulira awa, abusa, akatswiri, oyang'anira, oyang'anira ntchito, oyankhulana, ndi ena.

Mutu

Mlembi wamkulu akusankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi General Assembly pokambirana ndi Security Council. Kuti akwaniritse izi, ayenera kulandira chivomerezo cha mamembala onse osatha a Security Council. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, alembi wamkulu, monga lamulo, amachokera ku mayiko ang'onoang'ono osalowerera ndale. The SG ndi mkulu woyang'anira ntchito pamisonkhano ya GA, the Security Council, Trusteeship Council ndi ECOSOC, zomwe zingathe kuchita ntchito iliyonse yomwe anapatsidwa ndi matupi awa kwa iye ndi antchito ake. Chaka chilichonse amauza a General Assembly ntchito ya UN ndipo amatha kudziwa bwino bungwe la Security Council ndi nkhani zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa mtendere ndi mtendere padziko lonse. HS ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa UN ndi chiwonetsero chowoneka ndi chovomerezeka cha thupi lino panthawi ya padziko lapansi.

Boma la Dziko

Malingana ndi lamuloli, Mlembi Wamkulu ndi bungwe la United Nations akugwira ntchito ku likulu la New York ndi kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Amagwiritsa ntchito magulu akuluakulu a bungwe ndikuyendetsa mapulogalamu ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi matupi awa.

Choncho, ntchito za Secretariat ya UN zikufanana ndi ntchito zomwe maboma a dziko lonse akuchita. Mwa zina, bungweli limayang'anira ntchito za kusunga mtendere, limathetsa mavuto a anthu othawa kwawo, kuthetsa mikangano yapadziko lonse, kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kukonzekera maphunziro pa ufulu waumunthu, chitukuko cha zachuma, chitukuko chokhazikika ndi zina mwazipempha ku bungwe lirilonse la bungwe. Secretariat ya UN ikudziwitsa anthu za ntchito yake ndikugwira misonkhano yadziko lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, akuyang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa UN directive, kumasulira mawu ndi zolemba m'zilankhulo za boma za bungwe, ndi zina zotero.

Secretariat ya UN: kupanga ndi ntchito

Ngakhale kulikulu kwake kuli ku New York, bungwe likupezeka ku Vienna, Nairobi ndi Geneva, ndipo mabungwe ena okhudzana nawo ali ku Paris, The Hague ndi Rome. Mapangidwe a Secretariat ya UN ali ndi ma departments ndi madipatimenti otsatirawa omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi adindo ndi othandizira a Mlembi Wamkulu kapena akuluakulu apamwamba omwe ali pansi pa TOS:

• Chancellery ya HS. Kuphatikizapo Office of Spokenman, Bungwe la Partnership, Protocol and Liaison Service, Global Compact Office.
• Ofesi Yoyang'anira Udindo Woyang'anira. Zimapangidwa ndi kufufuza, kufufuza ndi kufufuza dipatimenti. Ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zofufuzira zachinyengo ndi nkhanza zomwe zilipo m'bungwe. Amayang'anitsitsa ndikuyesa kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito Integrated Management Information System. Kulengedwa kwa utsogoleri kunapangidwa ndi mayiko otukuka, kuti zopereka zawo ku United Nations zikhoza kutayika chifukwa cha chinyengo ndi kuzunza.
• Dipatimenti Yandale. Iye amayang'anira ntchito za bungwe kuti athetse mgwirizano komanso kukhazikitsa mtendere, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti GA ndi a Security Council adziwe za mavuto omwe akukumana nawo ndikupereka maudindo omwe aperekedwa. Amapereka chithandizo chotsatira chisankho m'mayiko akupempha chithandizo polimbikitsa njira ya demokarase.
• Kusamalira malamulo. Amapereka bungwe ndi bungwe la SG pa zochitika. Mwachitsanzo, Ofesiyo inathandiza kuchita ntchito zambiri zokhudzana ndi makhoti apadziko lonse omwe kale anali Yugoslavia ndi Rwanda. Amapereka mndandanda wazinthu zosiyanasiyana zalamulo pazinthu zogwirizana ndi malamulo komanso zogwirizana ndi mgwirizano.
• Dipatimenti Yowonongeka. Linakhazikitsidwa poyamba mu 1982 ndipo linapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mpaka 1992. Mu January 1998 linamangidwanso. Zimalimbikitsa zolinga za kusokonezeka kwa zida komanso kusapitirira kwa zida za mankhwala, atomiki ndi zamoyo. Zimalimbikitsa khama kuthetsa zida zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo migodi ndi mikono ing'onoing'ono. Ili ndi nthambi zisanu.
• Dipatimenti Yopitiriza Kutetezera Mtendere. Dipatimentiyi imayang'anitsitsa ntchito zaumtendere za UN padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa Cold War, kukula ndi zovuta za ntchito zakula mofulumira. Mu 1995, pamene antchito a UN adatumizidwa m'mayiko omwe kale anali Yugoslavia, dipatimentiyi inali ndi antchito a asilikali zikwi makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo bajeti yake ya pachaka inkafika madola 3 biliyoni.
• Ofesi Yothandizira Zowathandiza. Zimakhudza kuthandizidwa kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi masoka achilengedwe komanso zoopsa zina. Ofesiyo inakhazikitsidwa kuti iwonetsere zosowa zofunikira, kufufuza momwe zinthu ziliri pansi, ndikukambirana zolinga za malo odzidzidzi. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maboma, zomwe zimapangitsa bungwe lonse la UN kuti lizipempha thandizo lothandizira ndikuthandizira bwino thandizo la maboma opereka ndalama, mabungwe a UN ndi mabungwe omwe si a boma.

• Office pa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo. Ili ku Vienna. Zolinga zake ndizo: kulimbana ndi milandu yapadziko lonse, kuyendetsa milandu, kumenyana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chiphuphu ndi uchigawenga, kupewa, kuphwanya malamulo, kufufuza njira, kufufuza ndi ndondomeko za ndondomeko.
• Dipatimenti ya Economic and Social Affairs. Amalimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika pamaziko a njira zambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe, zachilengedwe, zachuma, chiwerengero cha anthu komanso chikhalidwe cha chitukuko.
• Dipatimenti ya Civil Defense ndi Conference Services. Icho chimapangidwa ndi madipatimenti atatu ndi ntchito imodzi. Amapereka makonzedwe apadera a misonkhano ndi zolemba zolemba, akuyang'anira misonkhano ya misonkhano kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Amapereka ntchito zamasulirizi ku zilankhulo zisanu ndi chimodzi za boma za United Nations ndi pakati pawo. Kukonzekera zolemba za misonkhano ya GA, Security Council ndi matupi ena, komanso kumakonzekera ndi kusindikiza zikalata ndi zofalitsa zina. Kuwongolera kumasulira kwa zikalata zonse za UN, nkhani za misonkhano ndi makalata. Amapereka ntchito zowonjezera kwa olemba, okonza, omasulira ndi olemba.
• Dipatimenti Yachidziwitso. Amapanga zofalitsa, zofalitsa, ma wailesi ndi mavidiyo omwe amalimbikitsa ntchito ya bungwe. Anayambitsa kukhazikitsa mauthenga a e-mail omwe amagwirizanitsa maumishoni oteteza mtendere, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi UNDP.
• Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira. Iye akukonzekera bajeti, mapulogalamu, akaunti, kugula, zolemba, antchito, mauthenga, ndi zina zotero.
• Bureau of Ethics. Kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito zawo ali ndi chinsinsi, osasamala, ochita ntchito komanso ufulu wawo. Ofesi imathandiza ogwira ntchito kupeŵa mikangano ya chidwi ndi kuteteza moyo wawo waumwini kuti usalepheretse kugwira ntchito yawo.
• Ofesi ya Ombudsman. Kumalimbikitsa kusinthika kwa mikangano kukhala njira zothetsera maluso kudzera mu maphunziro, kuyankhulana kwapadera, kuyanjanitsa, ndi zina zotero.
• Ofesi Yapamwamba kwa mayiko osauka. Njira zofunikira za ntchito yake ndi thandizo la TOS pakuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zonse za UN zikugwirizanitsidwa ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito zonse za bungwe la United Nations kuti zithetsedwe pulogalamu yachitetezo kwa mayiko omwe salikulimbikitsidwa, makoma ndi zilumba zing'onozing'ono, kulimbikitsa thandizo la mayiko ndi chuma, kugwira nawo zokambirana za gulu ndi kuteteza malamulo.

Gawo logula katundu

Ntchito zachuma za bungwe la United Nations zikuchitika kudzera mu Dipatimenti Yogula Zogulitsa, zomwe zimagula katundu ndi ntchito ku likulu la ku America, ma komiti za m'madera, mautumiki a mtendere, mabungwe, mautumiki apadera, ndi zina zotero. Zina mwa zinthu zogulira - kuyendetsa ndege, magalimoto, makompyuta, Zida ndi zipangizo. UNICEF, WHO ndi United Nations Development Program ikupanga malonda awo okha.

Kulembetsa mgwirizano mu Secretariat ya UN

Ntchito za TOS pazigwirizano za ndalama, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kwa ndondomeko ndi maphunziro, kuthandizidwa pa nkhani zalamulo komanso kuchita mgwirizanowu ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Pangano la Malamulo. Kulembetsa, kusanthula, kujambula, kufalitsa ndi kulembetsa mgwirizano wa mayiko ku Secretariat ya UN ikuchitikira kumeneko. Kuphatikizanso apo, bungwe la mgwirizanowu la United Nations limasungidwa ndi kusinthidwa pa intaneti. Kulembetsa mu Secretariat ya UN ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi Gawo 102 lachikhazikitso ndi malamulo a GA. Akatswiri amathandiza kupanga zolemba zomaliza ndikuwunika, kukonzekera zoyambirira ndikupanga makope awo ovomerezeka, kupanga masemina ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira malamulo ndi zochitika za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndi zina zotero.

Antchito

Secretariat ya UN ili ndi antchito pafupifupi 44,000. Chiwerengero choposa chimagwira ntchito ku mabungwe ogwirizana (monga WHO, World Bank, etc.). Awa ndi antchito apadziko lonse omwe sali ovomerezeka ku mayiko pawokha. Ogwira ntchito a UN General Secretariat analumbira kuti asalandire kapena kupempha malamulo a boma lililonse kapena bungwe lina lililonse. Malinga ndi Chikhazikitso, mayiko a mayiko ayenera kulemekeza khalidwe lapadera lapadziko lonse ndi maudindo a ogwira ntchito komanso osayesa kutsogolera ntchito zawo molakwika.

Zoona, panthawi zina ntchito za Secretariat ya UN zinakhala zokayikira ndi kutsutsidwa ndi maboma a mayiko ena. Patsiku lotsatira kutsogolera kwa Pulezidenti wa ku United States Dwight Eisenhower pamtunda wa Cold War, Mlembi wamkulu Trygve Lee, atakakamizika kuchokera ku Washington, adalamula Federal Bureau of Investigation kuti apange zidindo za anthu onse ku America. Mwambo umenewu unapitirira mpaka November 1953, pamene Dag Hammarskjöld watsopano analamula FBI kuti iime. Koma boma la America, poyesera kuzindikira omvera kwa Achikomyunizimu, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Council Loyalty ya antchito a mabungwe apadziko lonse, omwe ntchito yawo inali kupeza chidziwitso kwa ogwira ntchito onse a ku United Nations a United Nations. Ena mwa iwo anali Ralph Bunch wolemekezeka kwambiri. Panthaŵi ya Hammarskjöld, Soviet Union inkayikira kuti ndi Secretariat ya UN yomwe, motsogoleredwa ndi HS, inali kumbali ya Kumadzulo. Momwemo, Moscow adakakamiza UN, akuyesa kuti adziwidwe. Ntchito ya "Troika", malinga ndi mitu itatu ya Secretariat yomwe iyenera kukhala, imodzi kuchokera Kumadzulo, Kum'mawa ndi dziko lachitatu.

Mavuto ndi ndalama

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, panali zotsutsa zazikulu zabungwe labungwe la aboma komanso anthu owononga. Boutros Boutros-Ghali anayesera kuyesa kutsutsa otsutsa, makamaka US, kuwombera bajeti ndi kulengeza kusintha. Mtsogoleri wake, Kofi Annan, mu 1997 adayambitsa ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi kukonzanso mapulani a "Kupititsa patsogolo bungwe la United Nations" mwa kulimbikitsa ndikugwirizanitsa makampani 24 m'magulu asanu, pomaliza ntchito ya Deputy Deputy Secretary. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1997 GA inavomereza pulogalamu yoyamba yokonzanso kusintha, ndalamazo zinali pafupifupi $ 123 miliyoni. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira za izi ndi chakuti US Congress inavomereza kuti ndalama zokwana madola 819 miliyoni zidalipira madola ena a UN, zomwe zinafikira madola 1 biliyoni, ndipo zinatsitsa ku United Nations.

Mtundu wa antchito

Atangomaliza udindo mu 2007, GS Banki-mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu anayamba kukonzanso uboma ndi kukhazikitsa zofunika zatsopano kwa oyang'anira apamwamba ndi apakati a bungwe. Ntchito zowonetsera ntchito zowonongeka zinathetsedwa, zokakamizidwa zinapangidwira ndondomeko yosankha mpikisano. Anakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chaka ndi chaka, anatsegula malo ku likulu la UN ku New York kwa ogwira ntchito kunja kwa United States, akukakamiza akuluakulu a boma kuti afotokoze za ndalama zawo ndi kuthetsa kusungidwa kwa ntchito kwa antchito omwe ali ndi udindo pa mapeto a moyo wawo. Mabaibulo a Ban Ki-moon adatsutsidwa ndi nthumwi zambiri za mayiko omwe adayimilira, ozoloŵera kuchita chizoloŵezi chosalemba. Pamsonkhano wapadera, Pan anakumana ndi akazembe a maikowa kuti awawatsimikizire kuti kuyankhulana kwakukulu kudzachitika musanayambe kusintha. Zolonjezano zake zinachepetsa mantha ambiri, koma kudandaula kunasonyeza kuvuta kochita kusintha kwakukulu kwaboma mu Secretariat.

Kusintha kumayesa

Pamene Mlembi Wamkulu adalemba udindo woyang'anira akuluakulu akuluakulu, adatenga mwayiwu kuti adziwe kusintha kwa magawo angapo, kuwonetsa kuti Dipatimenti Yopitiriza Kutetezera Mtendere igawanike zigawo ziwiri, imodzi yogwira ntchito ndi imodzi yothandizira kumunda, komanso kusintha udindo wa Director of the Office for Disarmament Affairs ndi Wachiwiri kwa wothandizira wothandizira, makamaka, kuchepetsa izo mu utsogoleri wa UN. Poyang'anizana ndi kutsutsidwa kuchokera kumbali ziwiri, Ban Ki-moon adapempha makomiti kuti akambirane zomwe asanatumizidwe ku General Assembly.