A mwana ndi ASD: peculiarities chitukuko maganizo

Mu matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu (PAC), kapena satha kulankhula bwinobwino anatanthauza matenda a chapakati mantha chitukuko dongosolo. ASD Tingaone ali aang'ono, chifukwa zizindikiro zake ndi achindunji kwambiri.

The etiology wa satha kulankhula bwinobwino

Kufikira tsopano, chikhalidwe chenicheni cha maonekedwe a PAC si bwino. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mbali yaikulu pakutchulidwa kwa kutengera za kumtundu masewero. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti zochita mankhwala mu ubongo autistic chitani pang'ono mosiyana kuposa ena. Various mavuto mu nthawi akalandire chithandizo mwina hule chitukuko cha mafuko, koma chatsimikiziridwirapo mwasayansi.

ASD symptomatology

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zizindikiro loyamba satha kulankhula bwinobwino Tingaone mu mwana mpaka chaka, koma palibe vutoli, ngati n'zotheka amawaona kuti ndi zizindikiro za matenda autistic. Mbali kwambiri chidwi ana ndi ASD kukhala pambuyo chaka. M'munsimu muli zizindikiro kuti akhoza kale m'zimene mwana, makolo anali wokhoza mu nthawi kuwona katswiri:

• mwanayo samva kuti maonekedwe a mayi anga, alibe kuzindikira anthu adadziwa, osati akumwetulira;
• movutikira yoyamwitsa;
• mwana ndi zovuta kukhazikitsa diso kukhudzana: zikuwoneka ngati "kudzera" anthu;
• ana ndi ASD amaopa zipangizo aliyense phokoso monga zingalowe m'malo zotsukira;
• Kids kawirikawiri amakhala ndi tulo; ali maso, maso awo ali otseguka, koma iwo sakufuna kukagona, ndipo si capricious;
• pamene inu muyesere kutenga ana awa m'manja mwake, ana aang'ono amayamba Chipilala nsana wanu kuti Zimakhala zovuta kuti akanikizire iwo pamtima.

Zizindikiro zonsezi angayambe mwana sanakwanitse zaka miyezi 3, koma palibe dokotala adzaika mu m'badwo uno anapezeka ndi "satha kulankhula bwinobwino" chifukwa ambiri mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe boma la tsiku, ntchito chidziwitso. Mu zaka akulu a mwana kuoneka zizindikiro kawirikawiri ndi zoonekeratu ASD:

• obwerezabwereza zoyenda;
• kupanda chidwi mwa anthu padziko, kusafuna kulankhula ndi ena;
• ngati pali kusintha zokongola, mwanayo mantha ndi mantha;
• ana sadzachitanso adziwe luso wodzilamulira utumiki;
• mwanayo si kusewera mu chiwembu-timasewero kusewera masewera;
• nyengo yaitali chete m'malo mwa kubwereza wonyong'onya mawu kapena mawu.

Tikumbukenso kuti ana autistic makhalidwe sankaganiza, iwo samaona kusapeza iliyonse. Satha kulankhula bwinobwino nthawi zambiri makolo kolakwika kwa vuto lakumva, chifukwa chifukwa ati katswiri dandaulo kumva imfa kapena kukayikitsa ugonthi. Monga kuzindikira kugwirizana mawu ndipo satha kulankhula bwinobwino?

Makolo amaganiziridwa kuchepetsa kumva mphamvu chifukwa mwanayo sakulabadira pamene dzina lake, zilibe anatani phokoso mokweza. Ndipotu, palibe mavuto ndi ana akumva chiyani osati kudzakhala chabe mu dziko lawo ndi osaganizira ndizofunikira kulabadira zimene zikuchitika kunja kwa mfundoyi, mpaka iwo anayamba chifukwa kusapeza kuti mwana wa mbuzi.

Chiwonetsero cha ASD mu m'badwo chisanadze sukulu

Development wa ana ndi ASD amasiyana ndi anyamata ena. Iwo anati kuyan'anila pa mbali zotsatirazi:

• Kulumikizana. Ana yosalankhulika kwambiri, palibe ubwenzi ndi achibale komanso anzake. Kodi kusewera ndi ana ena, sakonda masewera wake amafuna kutenga nawo mbali. Iwo samva pamene kufika ndi pempho kapena foni chabe. Games ndi wonyong'onya, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi zochita stereotypical, zokonda zapatsidwa kwa osakhala masewera zinthu (miyala, mitengo, mabatani), ndi ntchito akukondedwa masewera iwo akhoza kuwataya mchenga, madzi magazi. Inde, iwo amatha kuchita nawo masewera ndi ana awo, koma amavutika kumvetsa malamulo, musati sachedwa kupsa mtima sindikumvetsa mmene ana ena. Kumene, kuzungulira khalidwe sakonda, kotero kuti pali odzikayikira. Choncho, ana amenewa amasankha yekha.
• Kulankhula dera. Mogwirizana ndi anthu simungathandize koma kuganizira kukula kwa mawu a mwanayo. Komanso autistics pang'ono samapereka tcheru kuti mawu a akulu, mawu akuti iwo amaoneka mu nthawi mu zaka 1 chaka 3, koma izo zikutikumbutsa ndemanga. Yodziwika ndi echolalia (musanaganizire kubwereza kwa anthu). A chifukwa kawirikawiri kwa upo mu ndiyambe kulankhula ndi mutism mwanayo - kukana kulankhula. Mbali khalidwe la mawu ndi ana sagwiritsa ntchito akuti "Ine" Iwo amalankhula za okha munthu wachiwiri ndi wachitatu.

• Motility - kuphwanya anayambitsa si Zizindikiro zimasonyeza ASD, chifukwa ena magalimoto akhoza bwino anakamba, pamene ena adzakhala kwanthawi kwambiri mwakale. Ana atha molakwa amati mtunda chinthu, chimene chingakhale chifukwa cha manyazi galimoto. Angayende tiptoe, chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mgwirizano ana ndi kuphunzira amavutika kuyenda masitepe. Pakhala mavuto mu mpheto zinthu zazing'ono, kulephera kuyenda panjinga. Koma izi galimoto clumsiness ndi mgwirizano chakhungu akhoza pamodzi bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mavuto mu mnofu kamvekedwe ka m'kamwa ndi nsagwada limapezeka salivation (mkulu ndi kusalankhula salivation).
• Nkofunikira kuti nthawi kulabadira kwa akatswiri pa matenda, ndi matenda khalidwe. Ana mukhoza kuona nthawi yaitali pa malo amodzi, kapena kuyang'ana pa chinthu kaso zinthu mwachizolowezi osati chidwi zidole. Monga pamene chirichonse pa malo mwachizolowezi kwa iwo, kukhumudwa kwambiri akalakwitsa, monga iwo ankachitira. Kodi kukhala bursts mwadzidzidzi waukali, ngati kamwana chinachake sachiza kapena amamvera wovuta chifukwa iye sakanakhoza mwinamwake kufotokoza maganizo awo.
• Linanena kuti chitukuko bwino kukumbukira makina, koma chidziwitso osauka zili nthano, ndakatulo. Pankhani nzeru katundu, ena ana autistic mwina wamtali kwambiri kwa m'badwo wake, nzeru, ngakhale mphatso mu malo ena. Nthawi zambiri zokhudza ana awa amati iwo "enaake". Ndipo ena kuchepetsedwa ntchito aluntha. Mulimonsemo, Kuphunzira Unfocused awo, pali kuphwanya ndende chidwi.

ana motsatana ndi ASD

Ngati zotsatira za mwana kafukufuku anapezeka ndi "satha kulankhula bwinobwino", ndiye iye ali ndi mwayi nawo sukulu kapena akulipira gulu Ponena ku sukulu ya mkaka kapena gulu ili pa psycho-pedagogical pakati medico-anthu kapena yochepa ku magulu. Chifukwa chakuti mwana akudwala ndi PAC, n'kovuta kukumana ndi ena, kuusunga mu malo achilendo, m'pofunika iye anali namkungwi kuti angamuthandize kucheza.

Kwa ana ndi ASD ku sukulu ya mkaka

Cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha mapulogalamu ana ndi ASD ku sukulu - ndi kusakanikirana awo mu anthu, kuti iwo ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi ana ena. Kids amene anapezeka sukulu, ndiye zimakhala zosavuta kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano ndi kupeza kukhudzana ndi ena.

Pomanga ntchito ndende ndi ana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira kwathunthu - ndi pedagogical, maganizo ndi mankhwala thandizo ang'ono "autyatam". Kukhazikitsa bwino Pulogalamuyi m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi maganizo ndi mwana. The mwana amalenga kukhala omasuka Lachitatu, kupatulapo kufikako kwa iye momwe angalankhulire ndi dziko.

Ndo komanso bungwe ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu njira zolunjika kucheza ndi ana. Nkhani osauka sukulu ya mkaka chilengedwe ayenera kuganizira peculiarities chitukuko ochepa autistic, zokonda zake ndi zoperewerazo kuyan'anila zake zilipo. Ndi zofunika kuti zokakamiza anali chipinda kwenikweni, chifukwa amalola kuti asangalale ubongo imene amakhudza ziwalo imalandira mwana otetezeka ndi mtendere.

Ana ndi ASD mu sukulu

Mwina imodzi mwa nkhani zofunika kwambiri ndi zovuta zimene zimachitika kutsogolo kwa makolo mwana wapadera - ndi maphunziro ake ena. Mwaichi, maofesi sukulu ya ana satha kulankhula bwinobwino si, zonse zimadalira zimene waganiza PMPC: ngati mwana ali olumala aluntha, angakulangizeni maphunziro kusukulu 8 TH view. Ngati pali matenda aakulu mawu, mawu a sukulu. Koma nthawi zambiri ana awa saloledwa kuphunzira m'sukulu wamba ambiri.

Makolo ambiri amafuna ana awo ophunzira mu bungwe misa kwa socialization bwino m'tsogolo. Tsopano, pamene dziko lonse akuyesera cigawo ana mwapadera anthu a, analenga makalasi wapadera mu masukulu kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma si nonse ayi. N'chifukwa chiyani n'zovuta kuti azolowere mwanayo zinthu sukulu?

1. Kupanda yamtunduwu aphunzitsi. Aphunzitsi ambiri sitikudziwa momwe kuthana ndi ana awa, chifukwa sadziwa limatchula onse a PAC. Ife vutoli mwa kuukitsa Choyenereza.
2. Kwambiri kukhalamo mu kalasi. Autistic mwana amene amapewa kulankhulana ndi zovuta kuphunzira wotere.
3. Daily nthawi ndi sukulu malamulo - anawo kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano, kotero kuti Anyamatawo si kophweka.

Monga ku sukulu ya mkaka, ntchito yaikulu yophunzitsa ana ndi ASD ndi pazipita kusakanikirana ake mu chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro okwanira kuti ubale wake ndi anzanu. mphunzitsi ayenera kukumana ndi mwana makamaka ndi banja lake isanayambe chaka sukulu kuphunzira zochititsa ndi kulankhula.

The sukulu ayenera osati kukhazikitsa maphunziro, komanso kukhala ndi sukulu ndi khalidwe ASD yeniyeni: m'kalasi ayenera kukhala malo okhazikika ndi malo kumene mukhoza mpumulo. mphunzitsi ayenera kupanga ana a gulu kuzindikira mokwanira za anzawo ndi zosoweka zawo zapadera mu chitukuko kudzera zoyankhulana zosiyanasiyana, zimene kuulula mutu wa dzina.

AOP ana ndi ASD

Kumene, kuimilidwa ndi kukaona unyinji wa kindergartens ndi masukulu sizikutanthauza kuti njira maphunziro si n'komwe maonekedwe a anawo. Chifukwa iwo anapereka munthu maphunziro njira, alembedwa ndinazolowera yophunzitsa (AOP), mmene zili maphunziro rehabilitative ali kuululidwa. Ndodo pedagogical kofunika kuti lolankhula, kulankhula pathologists ndi zamaganizo, chifukwa njira zofunika zovuta ndende.

Yotengedwa mapulogalamu ana ndi ASD zikutanthauza:

• pang'onopang'ono likhale la ana kuphunzira;
• chilengedwe cha zinthu zapadera;
• makonzedwe a thandizo psycho-pedagogical wa banja;
• mapangidwe makhalidwe chikhalidwe;
• chitetezo cha thupi thanzi ndi maganizo a mwanayo;
• kuonetsetsa masiyanidwe a mapulogalamu ophunzitsa, zili maphunziro;
• pazipita kusakanikirana kwa ana ndi ASD mu anthu.

Kukula ngati pulogalamu kwambiri facilitates Kuphunzira mwana ASD, chifukwa ngati izo zimatengera ku mbali chifukwa cha tsiku lokonzekera la ana amenewa, amalenga pulogalamu maphunziro payekha. Ndi ana autistic akhoza salamula yemweyo mofulumira katswiri pa nkhani monga ena, umagwira yofunika maganizo zinthu, mwachitsanzo. A. chofunika kwambiri kwa iwo womasuka mu chilengedwe chatsopano. AOP amalola ana autistic kulandira chidziwitso nazo komanso cigawo ku anthu.

Kugwira ntchito ndi ana wapadera

Correctional ntchito ndi ana ndi ASD kumafuna mgwirizano Kulankhula dokotala, zamaganizo, Aphunzitsi, komanso mogwirizana wachangu makolo. Kumene, kusiya ana awa okha kwa tsiku lonse mu malo atsopano simungathe - muyenera pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera vremyaprebyvanie ake bungwe ndi kuchepetsa nthawi ya kukhalapo kwa makolo.

Best wa onse, ngati aphunzitsi adzayamba maphunziro kapena kumaliza mwambo yake yeniyeni, muyenera kuthetsa zinthu yowala zonse, zimene zingachititse anachita zoipa mwanayo. Aphunzitsi ayenera kuvala malankhulidwe chete, ndi zofunika kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira. The mwana ayenera kukhala okhazikika workspace wake, zinthu zonse ayenera kukhala mu malo. Ophunzira za ndondomeko maphunziro kuti ndandanda ena. The pang'ono kugogoda-kuchokera ndandanda kapena kusintha chilengedwe zingachititse kupanikizika ana autistic.

zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino malangizo chilema, analenga zabwino maganizo maziko a mwanayo. m'kalasi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti akonze zinthu bwino, kuwalimbikitsa nthaŵi zonse, pantchito, T. Kwa. The kuloŵerera wa Chidziwitso iwo sitingalephere zogwirizana ndi chidwi. Mwana akusowa thandizo mu mwambo mavuto m'kalasi kwenikweni ntchito aone osiyana.

makhalidwe abwino ana satha kulankhula bwinobwino ali ndi ntchito olowa awiriawiri. Izi sanachite pa siteji koyamba za maphunziro, ndipo pamene mwana kale katswiri mu malo. mtundu wa ntchito amalola aluso kuti atchule mwana mu dziko. Zamaganizo likukonza ndi maganizo olakwika a mwanayo, akugwira ntchito ndi mbali affective wa chilema, zimathandiza lizigwirizana mwana ndipo makolo ake. A dokotala zolankhula zagonjetsedwa mutism, glossophobia amalenga kulimbikitsa kulankhulana ndi likukonza zopindika kulankhula. Dokotala wodziwa za vutoli nawo awongolera maganizo ndi volitional, ndi chitukuko cha ntchito apamwamba maganizo.

Ngati mwana wodwala matenda "satha kulankhula bwinobwino" - sizitanthauza kuti sangathe kupezeka bungwe maphunziro. Ndi njira yoyenera, pulogalamu payekha anasankha, mwanayo akhoza kulandira chidziwitso chonse, komanso ana ena.

Nsonga kwa makolo a ana ndi ASD

Makolo a ana ndi ASD si nthawi zonse choti nkuchita, amene kuitana ndipo n'zovuta zindikira chakuti satha kulankhula bwinobwino mwana wawo. Ntchito bwino kuthetsa PAC n'kofunika kutseka mwana komanso kutsatira malangizo otsatirawa:

1. Kupembedza kwa tsiku. M'pofunika azigamula kuti inuyo mukuchita tsopano ndi kutsatira zithunzi zonse kanthu. Popeza mwanayo ali kukhala okonzekera kuchitapo kanthu.
2. Ziyenera kukhala ngati kuli kotheka amayesetsa kusewera ndi mwana masewera amandimvera.
3. Pachiyambi muyenera kusankha masewera ndi zinthu, zofuna za mwanayo, kenako lowonjezera ndi zinthu zatsopano.
4. Ntchito Masewero tiyenera kuphatikiza anthu ku malo yomweyo mwanayo.
5. A njira zabwino ndi kusunga zolemba zimene polemba kupambana onse ndi mavuto amene mungakumane mwanayo. Izi zachitika kuonetsera katswiri mwana.
6. M'kalasi ndi akatswiri.
7. Pakuti bwino mwana aliyense ayenera kulimbikitsidwa.
8. Kusankha ntchito kumadalira pa mfundo za ku zocholoŵana.

Chiyembekezo cha ana ndi ASD

Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire mu mwana tsogolo ndi matenda autistic? Kwathunthu kugonjetsa chilema izi sizingakhale choncho, angathe kukhala ngati kuli kotheka kuyesera kutsegula izo kuti anali wamng'ono noticeable. No kuneneratu molondola sangapereke. Izi zidalira pa kuopsa kwa matenda autistic ndi mmene posachedwapa anayamba anagwira ntchito choipa.

Khalidwe la ana ndi ASD silipita, ndipo ngakhale ndi kusakanikirana bwino mu bungwe la makhalidwe autistic atsala amangokhala osati kutchulidwa. Mwina mwana sangathe kulowa kwathunthu mu anthu, ndi ntchito kukonza angachititse m'malo pang'onopang'ono. Zolondola Zoneneratu palibe, choncho nthawi zonse muyenera kukhala ndi maganizo abwino, chifukwa chakuti mwana ndi ASD akufunika thandizo.