Aachen Cathedral ku Germany: history, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Aachen Cathedral - ndi chipilala chachikulu cha mamangidwe a Ulaya. Lero ndi imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri mbiri Germany, mu mpanda umene zasungidwa ntchito zazikulu za luso kukongoletsa ndi maulaliki Mkhristu.

mafotokozedwe

Kamangidwe maziko a nyumbayo ndi nyumba yachifumu Imperial Chapel, anamanga m'chaka 796 mu kalembedwe Byzantine Odon Metz. Malinga malamulo erection akachisi adzatengedwa kum'mawa Akhristu kapangidwe ali ndi msinkhu wa 31 mamita ndi view yachigawo -. 32 mamita Cathedral ndi mzikiti 8 amaganiza, umene wazunguliridwa ndi zomera hexagonal 16 apansi awiri. Iwo imayendetsedwa ndi zipilala eyiti. Mu kulambalala chapamwamba 8 arches ndi awiri mizati sanali chonyamulira ndipo ikugwira ntchito mwangwiro kukongoletsa. Mu zaka 1353-1414 pa tchalitchi amene zithunzi musati kupereka kuchuluka kwa dongosolo lino, anali chokongoletsedwa ndi kwayala kalembedwe Gothic.

prehistory

Pamene Karl Veliky anasamukira likulu lake ku Aachen anaganiza kutembenukira mu Roma Chachitatu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mzinda anafunika kupeza tiakachisi watanthauzo Mkhristu. ntchito ndi zosavuta chifukwa chakuti mwana wake wamkazi anali pachibwenzi kwa Byzantine Mfumu Constantine wachisanu. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti nthawi imeneyi akachisi kuti kukopa lero mu Aachen, zikwi aulendo padziko lonse, ndipo anali mumzindawo. Kenako chinkhoswe adakwiya, ndipo Patapita zaka zingapo Karl Veliky amukopere tsopano kwa Irene kwambiri. Mfumukazi anamupatsa kulephera Komabe, zokometsera mapiritsi a, nampatsa zina zotsalira za.

maziko

Aachen Cathedral anayamba kumangidwa mozungulira chaka 800 mwa dongosolo la Karla Velikogo kwa zotsalira za anabwera monga mphatso kwa Mfumukazi Irene. Yomanga a malo, omwe ali pa dongosolo la mfumu inali kukhala lalikulu ndi wapamwamba nthawi mu dziko, akatswiri ochokera Rome ndi Byzantium anatiitana.

Patapita zaka 5, Aachen Cathedral anali opatulidwira ndi Papa Leo Chachitatu, ndipo mu 814 m'tchalitchi yake yachifumu m'manda thupi Karla Velikogo.

Carolo Magno

Mawu ameneŵa analembedwa pa mwala, limene lili pakati pa nyumba yopemphereramo, ndipo malo poyamba munali manda Karla Velikogo.

Mu 1000 kumanda, mfumu anapeza madongosolo a Mfumu Otto ndi Chachitatu. Mu Nkhani zakale anapeza mu malo okhala ansembe Novaleze ndi zokhudza 1048, ali ndi mbiri ya thupi la Karla Velikogo anaonekera pamaso pa anthu amene ankapita ku exhumation, mwangwiro anapulumutsidwa. Mogwirizana ndi chikalata ichi, Mfumu anali atavala zovala zoyera chikondwerero nakhala pa mpando ndi ndodo ndipo korona.

Mu 1165 manda a kumene anatsegula pa malamulo a Friedrich Barbarossa Choyamba amene ankati canonize Karla Velikogo. Ndiye, zotsalira undecayed anali mwachidule pachionetsero kwa onse aone, ndipo anakhala chopembedzedwa. Pamenepo mfumu inalamula iwo kuloza mubokosi kukongoletsa, ndipo mu 1215 m'malo mwake, Frederick II analamula kuti kuziika mu zina bokosi lamaliro wapatali.

Chakumapeto molemera chokongoletsedwa sarcophagus zotsalira za Charlemagne kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anapuma pa guwa la kwaya. Ndiyeno zokakhala bokosi kwa sacristy lapansi. chizindikiro cha mphamvu wapamwamba, anali sarcophagus mu 1798, anatumizidwa Vienna ngati zotsalira zofunika kwambiri dziko.

Koma woyera nsangalabwi mpando umene amati yaitali akufa Karl Veliky (Mfumu) anapezeka mosapumira, kenako analikuta ndi golide, ndi lero ndi pachionetsero. Amadziwika kuti mpaka 1531 icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpando wachifumu. Pa udakhala mafumu pambuyo mwambo coronation.

Zotsalira za kachisi lachifumu

Aachen Cathedral anali pothawirapo samangokhala kwa Karla Velikogo. Mu 1002 tchalitchi anaikidwa m'manda, ndi Otto lachitatu.

Kuwonjezera mabwinja a mafumu mu sacristy wa mpingo anapitiriza zotsalira ofunika kwambiri monga zovala zamkati kavalidwe mwa Namwali Mariya, zopangidwa ndi nsalu chikasu woyera, ndi nsalu imene inazingidwa yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa mu Betelehemu Khristu Child. Chidutswa otsiriza a minofu ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mbali ya zovala zachimuna, kotero akukhulupirira kuti, osalephera, izo amapangidwa kuchokera malaya a shati yake St. Joseph.

Aachen Cathedral ndi malo osungira ndi bolodi, limene inazingidwa mbale ndi mutu truncated wa St. Ioanna Predtechi, ndipo lachinayi chidina kachisi - chigamba cha nsalu, zomwe ndi mbali ya nsalu, adadzimanga m'chiwuno cha Khristu pa kuphedwa mwankhanza ndi kupachikidwa.

Umboni kuti iwo ndi enieni, ayi, koma, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, amadziwika kuti amalamulidwa kuti abweretse kwa East Karl Veliky (Mfumu).

M'zaka za m'ma 19 mwambo polima, chimene zotsalira amaonetsa zaka 7 pakati chilimwe. Komanso, mu sacristy wa mpingo Aachen ndipo anapitirizabe ziwiya ntchito skilful ndi pang'ono pang'ono odziwika tiakachisi Katolika. Palinso kugwira wopatulika Karla Velikogo ndi anamanga mu izo chidutswa cha mpukutu wa chigaza cha Mfumu ndi osowa Carolingian Uthenga 9 atumwi, komanso mtanda ndi chisindikizo cha Lothar II, kutanthauza kumayambiriro kwa zaka 11.

Kusintha ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa

Aachen Cathedral ku Germany kwa mbiri yake desyativekovoy mobwerezabwereza zagonjetsedwa kwa limasinthira zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, iwo si nthawi zonse chinathandiza ulemerero wake. Makamaka, m'ma 19 Zithunzi zakazi kamodzi kuphimba anawasema wa mzikiti kachisi, anali pafupifupi kuwonongedwa. Kuibwezeretsa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 "Society Karla Velikogo", ntchito kuyambira 1849, wayika yokha ntchito kubwezeretsa tchalitchi ndi onse kunja ndi mkati. cholinga wakhala akwaniritsa, chifukwa cha zopereka yotentha ndi Frederick William woyamba ndi chimodzi.

Pa zikuluzikulu ntchito octagons kumene adakonzeka ndi mizati yakale yoyendera nsangalabwi, kubedwa ndi French M'chaka cha 1794 ndipo anabwerera ku Germany, malinga ndi Pangano la Paris. Komanso, maonekedwe ziboliboli 14 mu kwayara limzake.

Ndi 1881 inatha kubwezeretsa Zithunzi wakale pa mzikiti wa Aachen Cathedral, komanso obwezeretsedwa amene anasoweratu guwa, pamaso pa zomwe pakati pa 813 ndi 1531 chaka anadzozedwa 35 German mafumu ndi mfumukazi oposa khumi.

Nthano Aachen Cathedral

Imperial Cathedral m'mbiri yake wakale inamera nthano. Mwachitsanzo, pali miyambo kuti ndalama kwa pomanga Cathedral anthu a Aachen anatengedwa kuchokera mdierekezi yekha, kulonjezedwa kuti adzakhala moyo woyamba amene analowa nyumbayi pambuyo udzatha. Malinga m'tauni nthano anyenga Satana, kuthamanga woyamba ku tchalitchi cha nkhandwe. Adyera mdierekezi yomweyo anamugwira munthuyo komanso anaona njomba zauve pokhapokha zonse kale kulembedwa.

Haji misa

Cathedral a m'dera la Aachen pakatha zaka zingapo wobwezera chinthu ulendo. Iwo amadziwa kuti Zapakati, ndi kuchuluka kwa ofuna kuona zinthu zakale ake anali kwambiri moti okhulupirika osati unadzaza lalikulu ndi zipinda zonse nyumba pafupi, koma akhazikika pansi pa madenga awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mzinda wa Aachen aonapo ndi mavutowa, kuyambira anakomoka, chimene chinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri anthu.

Zikwi amwendamnjira pitani Aachen Cathedral lero. Makamaka lalikulu kuchuluka kwa anthu okhulupirika, pamene kusonyeza zotsalira za kachisi. The maphwando amenewo otsiriza chinachitika mu 2014. Pakuti mafani ndi kumuonetsa pa chiwonetsero tiakachisi kusungidwa mu chuma cha tchalitchi, siteji wapadera yamangidwa. Pa ndi 20 mpaka 29 June kunachitika misa. Kuchita nawo miyambo imeneyi achipembedzo Aachen asonkhane akuluakulu a Evanjeriko, zipembedzo ndi Greek-Orthodox Christian zipembedzo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe wotchuka Imperial Cathedral wa Aachen. kachisi ayenera kunyadira mbiri yake wolemera. tchalitchi ichi, zithunzi zimene zili m'nkhani, ndi chozizwitsa a zomangamanga mdziko, ndipo ake ndithudi ofunika kuona ngati kuti amasirira talente imodzi ya mapulani akale ndi omanga.