Baghdad - likulu la zomwe dziko? Baghdad: zokhudza mzinda, zokopa alendo, malongosoledwe

mzinda, limene lili mu mtima wa East wakale, amene tsopano limatuluka pamwamba pa bwinja la zipilala dziko lakale mapulani - izi ndi Baghdad. Likulu la Iraq, m'chinenero Russian zikumveka ngati "Mphatso ya Mulungu". Inde, pamene, inu mukuzindikira kuti mpweya msewu uliwonse ndi lalikulu, aliyense nyumba - zonse pano ali wapadera yake aura kuti ankaoneka kuti amange kale kutali kwambiri ndi pano imene tikukhala tsopano.

General zokhudza mzinda

M'chipululu cha Mesopotamia, pa magombe a m'Baibulo Mtsinje wa Tigirisi lero mudzi waukulu wa Baghdad. Likulu la zomwe dziko ukhoza timasangalala ndi zochuluka pa zipilala mapulani ndi chikhalidwe, imene inayambira mu kutali kale? Mwina, palibe. mzinda ili pakati Hrs wa dziko, Iraq, m'chigwa cha mitsinje awiri, zimene Baibulo lenilenilo anatchula - Tigirisi ndi Firate. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti mumzindamo mwadzaza misewu wakale, lero ndi yaikulu zoyendera likulu ku boma. Pali ndege lonse, okwerera sitima, komanso doko mtsinje kumene otaya wa Tigirisi nthawi zambiri anatumiza zombo madzi a Persian Gulf.

Ancient Baghdad: history, zowoneka

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene likulu atsopano a boma kum'mawa kwa Iraq inamangidwa pa bwinja la chitukuko chakale. Ndi pano, ku Mesopotamiya, panali woyamba m'dera dziko, umene posachedwapa lidzasinthidwa mzinda ndi dziko. Anthu amene poyamba kumene kuli dziko, anatenga dzina la Sumerians. Ndi iwo amene chikondwerero kuyambitsa Mapale, njira imene amene amafufuza zamakezana panopa anali kukonzanso kwambiri masamba a mbiriyakale ya nthawi imeneyo. Ngakhale mu 2 Zakachikwi BC. e. m'madera awa anapanga ufumu Chisumeriya-atazindikira. Mfumu yoyamba amene anatchulidwa m'mabuku olembedwa Urukagina. Patapita zaka ndi atumwi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anthu ambiri wakale wa dziko (ndiko kunena Sumerians) anayamba kufa. Mesopotamia kwathunthu amasankhidwa ndi Akkadians. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ake akunja, ali amafananadi ndi Aluya amasiku ano amene tsopano anthu ndi Baghdad. Likulu, amene wakula pa mayiko amenewa pa ulamuliro wawo, amadziwika kuzungulira dziko, ndi dzina lake - Babulo.

Maufumu amene akali moyo

Likulu la ufumu wa Babulo, mzinda womwewo ndi nsanja yake lodziwika bwino inamangidwa makilomita 100 kuchokera Baghdad masiku ano. Mzinda wa dziko akale amene anali okonzeka ndi dongosolo ulimi wothirira, dongosolo bwino ndi mapu a misewu ndi malo, amene poyamba anali akuunika zounikira. mzinda, amene pa nthawi inali yaikulu doko ndi shipbuilding pakati, tsopano zophimbidwa ndi mchenga East. zofukulidwa zimagwiridwa pa dera la Babulo, chifukwa chimene mbiri yakale apeza kuti mzinda wavutika mathithi atatu. anamanganso wake kwenikweni analemba phulusa la nkhondo zambiri ndi kuukira. M'nyengo yake yomaliza - ndi Neo-Babulo - a m'deralo ankayesa kufika kwa Mulungu, tikugwira ntchito yomanga nsanja wotchuka. Zotsatira zake za nkhaniyo amadziwika onse, ndi tsopano, kuwonjezera pa maziko a dongosolo ili yaikulu, ife tiribe kanthu.

Kodi mzinda wa Baghdad

Likulu la dziko koma ngakhale inamangidwa pa phulusa mabwinja a m'mbuyomu ... ndi Iraq yotero. Ichi ndi umodzi mwa mizinda ochepa kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri m'madera chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu. Iye analibiretu odzipereka zinkakhalira pa zipembedzo zonse ndi miyambo, amene analamulira mayiko ake m'mbuyomu. Choncho, mu caka ca 762 pa magombe a mtsinje wa Tigirisi munkakhala mpaka pano tsiku mzinda wa Baghdad. Luso la Islam, ndi Dziwani kuti anadza ku dziko kale kwambiri - ndicho, zaka zana. mumzindawo inamangidwa likulu, amene anali kukhala malo achitetezo a chipembedzo chatsopano, miyambo yatsopano ndi miyambo zomwe Kwenikweni anakhala. Mwalamulo ankaona woyambitsa wa Baghdad Caliph Al-Mansur. Motsogozedwa wake padali anamanga madoko akuluakulu, forts, kupita kunkhondo. Pa 9-10 zaka TH, Baghdad sanali kokha doko yaikulu kwambiri ku Middle East, komanso umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri, kumene anthu anachokera padziko lonse. M'zaka za m'ma 20 anaganiza mwalamulo analemba kuti mzinda wa Baghdad - likulu la Iraq, komanso likulu la chikhalidwe chawo cha dziko la chisilamu.

Nyengo ndi nyengo

Kupita pa ulendo wopita kumalo watsopano uliwonse, ndikofunika poyamba mukudziwa zimene nyengo akudikira kumeneko. Ndipotu, timafuna kutonthozedwa pamene kuyenda ndi kuyenda - ndi zofunika kwambiri, mwinamwake, zidindo onse adzapatsidwa asokoneza. Choncho, likulu la Iraq - Baghdad, mzinda umene wagona mu zone chipululu, ku dera limene nthawi zambiri pali mphepo yamphamvu, chilala, ndipo kawirikawiri ndi mvula. Chifukwa chakuti mzinda uli pa mtunda kuchokera m'nyanja, nyengo pano ndi mvula pang'ono, pang'ono chokhala. M'nyengo yozizira kutentha akhoza kugwa madigiri 10 masana, ndipo ngakhale mpaka 5 usiku. Chilimwe dzuwa lotentha kwambiri ndipo mpweya ndi mkangano kuti +44 ^{° C} ndi pamwamba. December ndi January - ino ndi nthawi pamene mvula ndi chifunga zophimbidwa ndi Baghdad. Likulu la dziko la chisilamu pa nthawi yozizira ndi yamvula ali osavomerezeka kupita pano m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi bwino kukaona mzinda autumn, pamene kutentha umatsika, kapena masika, pamene nyengo yofunda apa anakulirakulirabe. Monga kwa chilimwe, kuwonjezera kutentha, palinso kuchitika hasminy - mchenga mikuntho, zimenezi kufa.

Zotsatira za zaka zapitazo

Aliyense akudziwa kuti Baghdad - likulu la Iraq ndi tsogolo wolemera ndi zovuta. Mme- mbiri ya mzinda kungakhale, kuganizira zipilala zake zakale, Pakati othetsa nzeru ambiri - mzikiti anamanga pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Chief pakati pawo - Golden Mosque wa Musa al-Kadhim, imene pali mausoleum. Kodi izi nyumba kutchulidwa m'kati mwa mzinda, chifukwa kupeza izo sizidzakhala zovuta. Kunja kwa mzinda wakale kuthetsedwa chimodzimodzi wokongola tiakachisi Muslim: Bunnie ndi Ramadani Mosque, El Kadimayn, Unhu Al Mahar, Dzhavaat Al-Al-Rahman ndi ena ambiri. Pamodzi ndi iwo anapereka mausoleums, imene m'manda olamulira ndi atsogoleri a chipembedzo. Mkhristu nyumba losaiwalika komanso monyadira Baghdad. Information za mzinda ndi mbiri yake lili chakuti pali nthawi zambiri analenga madera awo, ku Armenia, ndi anthu ena a m'mayiko ena. Chifukwa zofunika chipilala uli Mpingo wa St. Namwali Mariya ndi mpingo wa Katolika wa St. Thomas.

Modernity ndi imprints ake

wapadera kwambiri, choyambirira ndi zachilendo masiku ano Baghdad. The likulu la dziko aku Iraq lero - ndi tauni ndi ambiri misewu ing'onoing'ono mosabisa kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi nyumba za zidina ndi otsika. Chochititsa chidwi amagwiritsidwa uku misika mungapezeko kugula chilichonse. Ngati zonse likulu la dziko, Baghdad monyadira yogona yapamwamba, amene anali kunyumba kwa munthu wotchuka ndale. Pakati pawo kusiyanitsa nyumba ya Saddam Hussein Al-Rihab, kumene lero mukhoza kupeza chabe ulendo. Pamodzi ndi iye mumzinda pali zachifumu zisanu ndi zitatu a wolamulira chatha amwazikira malo osiyanasiyana. No zochepa yapamwamba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi Boma la dziko. Komanso ku likulu aku Iraq ali zakale ambiri. Pakati pawo tingapeze usilikali, m'nyumbayi zofukula m'mabwinja a zakale wakale wa Arab Museum of Modern Art ndi Ethnographic. Ulendo m'pake pang'ono ndithu, koma kuganiza ziri zoposa mokwanira.

zakudya m'dera

Podziwa amene likulu Baghdad, munthu akhoza kutengapo maganizo, ngakhale yaukali kwambiri, za mtundu wa chakudya pano. Mzindawu uli odyera ambiri, ndi wamakhalidwe, amene angakhale atchule lililonse mlendo ndi zakudya aku Iraq. The zikuchokera mbale zikuphatikizapo makamaka nkhosa, nyama yamwana wang'ombe, nkhuku, mbuzi, koma Mulimonsemo, osati nkhumba. Nyama appetizers akhoza zidzawonjezedwa kwa masamba, kawirikawiri steamed kapena kuzifutsa. Mbali khalidwe la kuti mbale makamaka wa khitchini aku Iraq ndi ambiri zonunkhira. Pakati mbale zam'mbalizo Baghdad mudzapeza tirigu kapena chimanga grits. Wa yotsirizira kaŵirikaŵiri kumachititsa mikate (chokoma), ndipo amatchedwa "Eish". Pakuti mchere, kukonzekera kutenga masiku, halva kapena candied. Onaninso kuti zakumwa anatumikira pano kapena tiyi anapanga pa zipatso zouma kapena khofi. Mkaka anatengedwa kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, ndi mowa angapezeke yekha miyambo aku Iraq chakumwa - arak.

Entertainment ku Baghdad

Ngakhale kuti mudzi uwu ndi chinthu Chisilamu, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ufulu pano sililola, kupeza zosangalatsa moyo adakali zotheka. m'mapaki lachisangalalo, malo ndi zinyama moyo, kumalo osungira, makwalala kwabasi ndi uku misika - ngati opulence wotchuka Baghdad. Likulu la Iran, Tehran, ndi imodzi mwa malo chipembedzo cha Chisilamu, koma tiona kuti mumzinda zinthu zambiri zosasangalatsa. Odzaona malo nthawi zambiri kusokoneza m'mayiko awiri awa, ndipo molakwa kuti Iran ukazipereke zodabwitsa kwambiri, koma mfundo ndi ndithu mwake. Pano mukhoza kukhala omasuka ndi ana kukwera wakwera, yesani maswiti m'derali ndipo patapita kuyenda wokongola makwalala wobiriwira, wazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ya kanjedza. Palibe njira zochepa woyenera kuti nthawi yaikulu, ulendo zinyama. Ku Baghdad, wapereka kwa anthu ambiri osowa ndi zosowa za zomera zotentha.

Kunena ...

Si choncho wachisoni, wowopsa ndi ogwetsa, monga ife nthawi zambiri kukufotokoza nkhani, akuchitira mzinda wa Baghdad. Likulu la boma, kumene ndipo zimene zilipo, osati aliyense amadziwa, koma ngati inu muyang'ana mu mbiri yake, miyambo ndi kufufuza kamodzi kupita kumeneko, tikuona zosiyana. Izi ndi zoona Chisilamu Museum, chomwe chili ndi zikhulupiriro zakale ndi makhalidwe a Aluya, ndi zipsera zimene zikuchitika.