Malo mu Russia m'zaka 17: kufotokoza mwachidule

Malo mu Russia m'zaka 17 - ndi gulu chikhalidwe wogwidwa wotetezedwa ufulu wake ndi ntchito, omwe anaperekedwa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo. Pa nthawi zinthu m'dziko lathu linali kutsirizitsa kwa zinthu zokhudza anthu chifukwa malamulo a boma ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwerengero cha zochita, makamaka wotchuka Conciliar The Code, amene akuchitira analemba okhazikika bwino miyambo utsogoleri wolowezana wa strata chikhalidwe.

boyars

Malo mu Russia m'zaka 17 limatchedwa "waudindo", koma osati kwambiri anatanthauza za thupi utumiki makamaka, ndi okhudzidwa mu makamaka bungweli chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi iyi mu dziko lathu potsiriza anapanga zida malamulo a mphamvu, makamaka Boyar Duma, ndi Zemsky Sobor ndi malamulo. Ufulu kutumikira mu matupi awa nthumwi adzalandira mwayi kalasi mu Russia m'zaka 17. Gulu yamasika zikuphatikizapo ambuye kusukulu ndiponso wauzimu.

Nsonga ya anthu a ankaona otchuka. Amaphatikiza magulu angapo: oimira nthambi lateral wa Rurik mafumu, kupita utumiki wa Moscow mafumu Chitata gulu akalonga olemekezeka a Moldavia ndi Wallachia, akale Moscow otchuka, komanso akalonga zoyerekeza, olamulira a maukulu, amene anali pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana Ufumuyo Moscow. Izi kalasi waukulu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 anali ndi ufulu kukhala ndi fiefdom - otengera kwa makolo yokhudza malo, kudzera mwa cholowa ndi ufulu kukhala ndi serfs. A malo apadera mu Duma boyars wotanganidwa ndi Prince ndi Mfumu. Zinali iwo amene anapanga pamwamba pa kasamalidwe boma la. kufunika otchuka anali ogwira - anthu amene anatsagana kazembe panjira, anatenga akazembe a limati zakunja, komanso lamulo la Regiment ndi, anali bwanamkubwa.

Olemekezeka ndi servitors

Chotsatira anatenga otchuka. Amagwiritsidwanso m'magulu. Tinali ndi wapadera ulemu otchuka Moscow: solicitors, kapitawo. Mu malo wachiwiri anali ili olemekezeka apolisi - zigawo otchuka. Anthu amenewa, komanso olemekezeka anali ndi ufulu kukhala ndi gawo dziko ndi serfs, koma mosiyana woyamba, ndi malo kuti tinatengera pokhapokha ngati mwana anapitiriza kutumikira bambo ake.

Russia Kalasi yaikulu m'nthawi ya 17 inkayenda chabe m'nthawi ino, pamene ofala mu nthawi yapita zinthu zokhudza walandira thandizo malamulo. gulu lina anali ofunika kwambiri anthu ankhondo. Iwo anali m'magulu angapo: oponya mivi gunners, blacksmiths ndi Cossacks. Anthuwa ankatengedwa anthu yozungulira.

okhala m'tawuni

gulu uyunso anali kwambiri amadalira boma. Popeza kuti anali zofunika zazikulu za msonkho ku chuma cha mfumukazi, choncho boma linali chidwi mmene angagwirizanitse anthu awa malo awo mpaka kalekale okhala. M'tauni anali kupereka otchedwa misonkho, msonkho, ndipo mu nkhani ya kuthawa kapena achire wa munthu wakunja kwatawuni, gawo ake anagwa ena. Choncho, mphamvu ya Ambiri yomatidwa malo okhazikika okhala. Komabe, anthu ambiri aona kuti n'kuyamba mu midzi woyera, amene sayeneranso misonkho, atagona eni ndi makamu, kutaya ufulu.

alimi

makalasi khalidwe la m'ma 17 ku Russia zikuphatikizapo Kupenda zinthu za chochuluka anthu. Tikuyankhula zokhudza anthu wamba, amene anali osati yosalala. Iwo anali ogaŵikana chernososhnyh (amene anali kapena panokha ufulu), ndi landlords, amene anali mu malo a anthu nzika za, nyumba imene a m'banja lachifumu. Ananyamula onse a ntchito, makamaka serfdom (zachilengedwe kuukonza) ndi rents (ndalama kapena-mtundu mphatso kwa mwininyumba ya). Conciliar The Code anayambitsa lopitirira kusaka amathawathawa wamba kuposa manowa kuli a serfdom mu Russia.

malonda

Zigawo za m'ma 17 ku Russia, zomwe tebulo kwake Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kwambiri mlingo zosiyanasiyana za anthu Russian wafika. Mu gulu osiyana amalonda nkhawa. Ena mwa iwo anali kwambiri wolemekezeka ndi olemera alendo, amene wotanganidwa malo apamwamba anira ndalama ndipo anali ndi ufulu kukhala ndi fiefdoms ndi sichingapatule kwa misonkho. Mamembala a pabalaza ndi mazana a nsalu imakhudzanso mbali mwayi la Kanani. Iwo anali ndi ufulu kulamulira zochitika zawo mkati, ndipo mutu wake ndi atsogoleri osankhidwa ndi akapitawo. The ena amalonda kulipira ntchito boma.

atsogoleri

Galimoto zigawo Russian m'zaka 17 limasonyeza malo a gulu lililonse chikhalidwe mu utsogoleri wolowezana. Atsogoleri unagawidwa pawiri: wakuda ndi oyera. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo Chimonko. Mchitidwe umenewu nayenso anali malo wamba pripisnymi. ansembe Parish achibale, chuma, maphunziro, unali udindo wawo. Choncho, pa maziko a pamwamba, tinganene kuti mu Russia m'zaka 17 potsiriza inkayenda masanjidwe ang'onoang'ono anthu.