ADR - ndichiyani? Maonekedwe pa mayendedwe a katundu oopsa. Transport katundu oopsa msewu

Chifukwa cha ntchito ya mabizinezi, mabungwe umoyo anthu anapanga zinyansi zosiyanasiyana kunyamulidwa. Izi zikhoza landfilled, naike m'gulu processing, ikuyenda pakati pa malonda ndi zina zambiri.

ADR - ndichiyani?

Mayendedwe zinyalala ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza angapo a zochita malamulo. Ena mwa iwo ndi malamulo, mfundo boma, dongosolo ndi malamulo. Chimodzi mwa zida chachikulu m'dera limeneli ndi ADR. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi pangano European pa mayiko malangizo kwa zoyendera katundu woopsa, kutha Geneva mu 1957. Afotokoze kungakhale zosiyanasiyana mwadzidzidzi: moto, kuphulika, litulukira wa poizoni amene amawononga chilengedwe ndi thanzi la ogwira nawo ophimba pa.

Zinyalala - katundu woopsa

Chifukwa chiyani? Kuposa Mwachitsanzo, woopsawo banja kungotaya anthu? Ndipotu, izo zangokhala zinyalala. Pakali pano, ichi ndi zinyalala wa 4 TH kalasi ya ngozi zinyalala chilengedwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zinyalala inali kuwola chifukwa madzi mawonekedwe ake chigawo filtrate amene likulowerera mu madzi nthaka, kumwa ziphe madzi, yotengedwa zitsime artesian. Kenaka madzi amalowa mtsinje, ndipo pochita unusable Lachitatu kuli nsomba, nkhanu, nkhono ndi zolengedwa zina za m'madzi. Degradable zinyalala - wangwiro kuswana pansi tizilombo, makoswe, yosokera agalu.

Kusungidwa ndi malamulo m'gawo la makampani osiyanasiyana zidutswa zitsulo mwangozi mpweya oxidized. Pamodzi ndi mvula ndi chipale anasungunuka kudutsa nthaka heavy metal mankhwala.

Mwachidule pamwamba, zimaonekeratu kuti chilichonse zinyalala - koopsa katundu. ADR nthawi mayendedwe a katundu, kudziwa kuthekera kwa ma CD, olemba ake, amafuna galimoto. chikalata ichi m'gulu katundu ndi kalasi ngozi. Mchitidwe normative ali tebulo mwatsatanetsatane ndi malongosoledwe a zinthu zonse katundu - flammability, kawopsedwe, mpweya wa poizoni, explosiveness, ndi ena.

CD ndi olemba

Aliyense KATUNDU ayenera kunyamulidwa ndi kuwanena. Kusonyeza katundu woopsawo pa chidebe aikidwa apakati a mbali 10 cm Ngati anagawa lalikulu yopingasa opendekera, mu mbali chapamwamba umagwiritsidwa chizindikiro ngozi mankhwala kusamutsidwa -. Flames, chigaza ndi mafupa mtanda, chizindikiro cheza ndi wina, ndi pansi - kalasi lake.

Kenaka katundu amasankhidwa malingana uliri wa loitanirana. Phula zinyansi ndi kuwapititsa ku akasinja, ng'oma, olimba - mu mabokosi, muli, chochuluka - mu matumba.

Aliyense galimoto ikusonyezedwa malinga ADR. Ndi chiyani icho? Muli katundu woopsa ndi chizindikiro cha ngozi. Ndi amakona anayi lalanje-akuda mbale, muli nkhani: chiwerengero cha katundu anatumizidwa mu gulu wamkulu wa United Nations, ndi katundu woopsawo m'kalasimo, komanso malamulo a miyeso kumwedwa mu chochitika kuphulika ndi moto kapena ngati. ngozi chizindikiro aikidwa, monga kulamulira, mbali ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto. Tikatenga kupulumutsa brigade likhoza ngozi.

mayendedwe a katundu

Transport katundu zoopsa angathe kuchitidwa ndi mode aliyense zoyendera: mtsinje, mpweya, mseu njanji. Pakuti mtundu uliwonse wa malamulo oyenera. Nthawi zambiri, mabuku a katundu oopsa mwa msewu. The Russian Utumiki wa Transport wavomereza malangizo zogwirizana ndi magulu amenewa. Malamulo muli amafuna kuti galimoto, njira pepala, dalaivala.

Choncho, kwa mayendedwe a mabomba komanso katundu flammable ntchito galimoto ndi batire amachotsedwa thanki mafuta. Yotsirizira adzaikidwe mu mpanda ndi kuchotsedwa Kulumikizana ndi, galimoto, mu nkhani ya kuwonongeka kwa thanki mafuta sindinafike katundu, ndipo amatayika amawataya pansi. utsi chitoliro adzakhalanso ndi mbali ndi otsetsereka kutsogolo kwa rediyeta lapansi.

Kupewa magetsi malo amodzi, galimoto ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi grounding mu mawonekedwe a unyolo kupita pansi pa masentimita 20 ndipo ali ndi pini zitsulo ntchito pa kukhala.

Galimoto mtundu "galimoto 'thupi ayenera kukhala cholimba, kutayikira-umboni ndi mpweya wabwino, ngati koyenera kuti zoyendera katundu wina. Matabwa thupi kapangidwe ayenera kukhala lawi retardants.

mfundo zenizeni zofunika makina ndime. Muyenera musamayandikire ndi kusamala kwambiri mu zinthu aone osauka.

zida Car

Aliyense galimoto ayenera ya zida ndi zipangizo malamulo ndi ADR. Ndi chiyani icho? Ali:

- zida kukonza mwadzidzidzi;

- fosholo ndi kuchuluka chofunika mchenga vuto la moto;

- kuwala lalanje yoyenda yokha mphamvu okwanira, amene anaika pa denga la kanyumba galimoto, ndi vuto la ngozi - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo galimoto;

- gudumu chocks;

- thandizo zida ndi zipangizo ayankhe mwadzidzidzi.

Mwaiwala zimene malamulo

malamulo mawu a mayendedwe ayenera kutsata pa nkhani iliyonse, ngakhale pali ena kuchotserapo:

- katundu akutsatiridwa ndi anthu zogulitsa zina ritelo kapena munthu aliyense, pokhapokha ngati kukumana miyeso kuthetsa ngozi angakwanitsire;

- zoyendera mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsa miyoyo anthu kapena chilengedwe:

- zimagwirira ntchito zoyendera ndi makina, amene ali katundu koopsa m'madera awo mkati ndi zida. Koma mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kuthetsa kutayikira zotheka zinthu woopsawo. Zonse zimene awa, wosamasula wa ADR.

maphunziro ndodo

Madalaivala nawo mayendedwe a katundu oopsa ayenera kukumana ndi maphunziro oyenera. maphunziro apadera Amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

- kuphunzira malamulo a kuwadziwitsa kuopsa kwa (kulemba katundu);

- kuphunzira kwa katundu wa katundu oopsa kusamutsidwa;

- njira maphunziro zofunika mankhwala thandizo vuto la mwadzidzidzi;

- njira ngati ngozi - moto yimitsira, disinfection, decontamination, lipoti kwa magulu okhudzidwa (consignor ndi consignee).

Kuti zofuna Choyenereza dalaivala, amene MUKACHULUKIDWE kukhalapo kwake mosalekeza utumiki ntchito pa galimoto iyi si pasanathe zaka zitatu.

dalaivala ayenera lembani waybill lapansi. Kuyenera amalembedwa "loopsya katundu". Ndi galimoto, muyenera kukhala ndi khadi mwadzidzidzi zokhudza liquidation zotheka zinthu mwadzidzidzi; khadi mudziwe munali decryption malamulo a miyeso mwadzidzidzi.

Mfundo zinanso chifukwa ophimba

Kuwonjezera pa miyeso pamwamba pa galimoto ayenera chilolezo kwa mayendedwe a katundu oopsa. zikalata Special chikalata Rostransnadzora utumiki. Mndandanda wa katundu woopsa, lomwe kufunika kusintha chigamulocho, anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi ADR lapansi. Maonekedwe ndi pepala chizindikiro galimoto oyendayenda. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa kwa nthawi yochepa kapena kutumiza. Chiphatso kwa mayendedwe a katundu oopsa si chofunika.