Aluntha katundu - chikhalidwe ndi mitundu

The Internet kukula mofulumira kunadetsa wobwezera chifukwa cha mkangano za ufulu aluntha katundu ndi, chifukwa cha litigation, onse mayiko.

Kupewa vuto limeneli, muyenera kukhala bwino zimene zimapanga nzeru katundu ndi zomwe maganizo awo. Kuti tiyankhe mafunso amenewa m'pofunika kutembenukira kwa chiphunzitso malamulo a makampani.

Aluntha katundu - chikhalidwe ndi mitundu.

Pachikhalidwe jurists kuganizira chiyambi cha mapangidwe nthambi ili la chilamulo theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi, ngakhale kuti poyamba zochita mayiko anatengedwa kumbuyo mu 1883 - 1886 zaka (pankhani ya 1883 Paris Convention ndi Berne Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 1886). Atafufuza kuchotsedwa mapangano mayiko GKRF gawo 4 akhoza anachokera:

Aluntha katundu - chifukwa cha ntchito maganizo a munthu, ali wangwiro, yovula mosabisa mawonekedwe vesting.

abwino chosonyeza zachokera chakuti zinthu pansi pa kuganizira ali okha okha njira zoona kuti vuto mu zikhalidwe konkire makhalidwe a, mafakitale kapena ayi. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti nzeru katundu sizimawoneka mu matupi (thupi) mawonekedwe (Mbali wachiwiri), koma mawu a iwo mwina kuvala chikhalidwe zakuthupi. Yotsirizira Mbali - yeniyeni mawonekedwe a kukonza bwino - anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa zinthu omwe mwamwambo m'magulu awiri: katundu mafakitale ndi kukopera.

Zinthu kukopera.

Ndi awa zinthu zinali nkhani zambiri nkhanza pa Intaneti. Mu gulu ili ziphatikiza:

• ntchito zolembalemba (kuphatikizapo ochokera iwo, kapena mayina / maina a anthu ndiponso malo, komanso Mabaibulo);

• ntchito sayansi (Pakati kuphatikizapo ndipo zikuphatikiza essays, dissertations, komanso mapulogalamu);

• choreographic, nyimbo ndi audiovisual ntchito

• Malonda mawu ndi aphorisms;

• kupenta, zosemasema ndi zomangamanga - mu gulu ili, mukhoza kuyatsa ndi chithunzi.

Tikumbukenso, kwa zinthu za kukopera palibe kufunika kulembetsa zapadera. Vutolo limachitika mu ndondomeko ya chilengedwe. Komabe, chitetezo kwambiri zinthu zimenezi Ndi bwino kukonza mabungwe apadera kutetezela kukopera.

gulu ayenera kuchita chinthu chimodzi, koma ndemanga waukulu. chinthu chilichonse cha pamwamba, zimathera kukhala wolemba, ngati chinalengedwa chifukwa cha ntchito akatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, fano chidachitika pa malangizo a gulu mkonzi.

Chikudalira kwambiri otchedwa zinthu za ufulu olemba ' "Zokhudzana ufulu" - zisudzo aluso ndi ochititsa, zinasokoneza makompyuta, phonograms, mapulogalamu mauthenga ndi osauka khalidwe.

Industrial katundu.

Zikamera wa gulu la zinthu ndi moyenera, boma nthambi ya malamulo kunafunika pa mapeto a XIX m'ma chifukwa chitukuko mofulumira makampani ndi zikamera wa ambiri zoyambitsidwa. Pali mitundu ikuluikulu yotsatirayi:

1. mafakitale ziwembu, zoyambitsidwa ndi zofunikira zitsanzo - mitundu imvera lamulo eni luso;

2. zinthu mabungwe malonda individualization - dzina, chizindikiro utumiki, chizindikiro, chizindikiro malonda;

3. atsopano aluntha katundu - zinsinsi malonda, Integrated Kamangidwe dera ndiponso achita kusankha.

gulu ili la zinthu ali ofala - kwa zikamera cha ufulu wa chitetezo zimafuna boma kulembetsa awo. Tikumbukenso kuti, mosiyana ndi ufulu wa olemba a zinthu, umene kulembetsa Sikuti ndi chitetezo chomveka m'mayiko onse, katundu mafakitale ayenera mayina lililonse boma kumene iwo ayenera kugawa.

Special udindo mu gulu ili la atsopano kutenga nzeru katundu. Iwo yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a kukopera - ndi mankhwala a ntchito sayansi. Koma zinthu izi umalimbana phindu, choncho ayenera kunena kwa Industrial Chilamulo Katundu. Jurists anaganiza kuti chinthu yamasika kwambiri, choncho ankaona nzeru katundu - ndi mbali ya gulu lachiwiri, ndipo imvera ake ulamuliro malamulo.

The zosiyanasiyana zinthu anapereka yekha zikutsindika kufunika kwa boma lenileni la chitetezo la zotsatira za ntchito nzeru, makamaka kudzera mwa kufalitsa nkhani mofulumira osauka.