Amnesty Tsiku la Constitution. Amene nkhani kugwa pansi Amnesty lapansi. Mfundo yofunika, nthawi, njirayi kutsatira, kukhazikitsidwa ya Amnesty ndi zikhalidwe

Mu December 2013 pa Intaneti "Russian nyuzipepala" linasindikizidwa kulengeza Amnesty kwa osiyanasiyana anthu. M'mwezi womwewo, dziko lonse chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Constituion wa Russian Federation, 2013. Amnesty anapima umenewu kwambiri, anali kuti akuyendera mwamsanga kufalitsa chikalatacho. bilu chinaperekedwa ndi mutsogoleli wa Russian Federation State Duma kuti amuone.

Mbani Amnesty

Akamanena za Amnesty ndi kukhululukira angapo amene pazifukwa zina ndi ufulu kutuluka m'ndende. Komabe, anthu anadikira ndi kusaleza buku la polojekiti Amnesty, anali unpleasantly kuona kuti m'lembali zili ambiguities ambiri ndi zofooka, chifukwa cha zomwe si zonse zimene timayembekezera adzakhala anakumana.

Ndipotu, magulu a anthu amene anagundidwa ndi Amnesty zinali zambiri ndithu. Gulu loyamba la anthu wakhululukidwa ndi anthu amene anamangidwa kwa zaka pasanathe zaka zisanu koma osati kale ankatumikira kukhala m'ndende. chikalata ichi udindo ndi amayi a ana aang'ono, amayi apakati, amuna amene wakhala mfumukazi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndi akazi amene afika zaka makumi asanu, nzika, amene anakhudzidwa ndi tsokalo pa mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera Chernobyl, invalids a magulu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, komanso asilikali ndi aliyense anthu ena amene anachita nawo nkhondoyo.

Malinga ndi asilikali Amnesty, milandu pakati pa anthu amene m'ndende kwa, kuletsedwa kapena parole wa anthu. Mwayi anamwetulira ndi oipa, Pali chilango anachedwa kapena omasuka. Amnestied anali kukhala nzika ziwawa ngati ana. Mwazina, analonjeza kulengeza Amnesty anthu amamangidwa zinthu monga hooliganism, malamulo magalimoto zachiwawa.

"Lonse" Amnesty kukhudzidwa ndi anthu waswa malamulo omwe adakali pansi kufufuza kapena Kuthi. Onse Zikatero komanso milandu kwa zinthu zimene chilango ndi pazipita zaka zisanu, kuti msonkhano. ulamuliro umenewu ntchito kwa ana ndi mlandu gawo loyamba la Nkhani 264 wa Code Wachifwamba (kuti kuphwanya malamulo magalimoto). Bwalo la anthu anabwera ndi pamwamba pa asilikali ndi amayi apakati.

Nkhani musalekane pa Amnesty ndi

Pakuti mlandu nkhani oposa zana la Amnesty si kuyembekezera. Tidzakhalabe mu ndende alamulidwa cha kupha munthu kupereka kwa ngozi yoopsa kapena zolimbitsa thanzi. Pakuti nkhani pa nkhanza zokhudza kugonana, chinyengo, akuba ndi akuba lalikulu la Amnesty anali sinabweretse.

Amnesty kuti tsiku la Constituion simunandikhudze otchedwa "chuma" akaidi cha zinthu zotchulidwa ndi 169 wa 200 nkhani. Munthu woyamba dziko kufotokoza chisankho chifukwa chakuti Amnesty pa milandu zachuma zachitika kale. Kenako mu 2013, anthu oposa 1,400 anawamasula. Komabe, m'ndende analibe kupita nzika, amene milandu inkaopseza chitetezo anthu, monga zigawenga.

Masiku yolowera mphamvu

Development wa polojekiti ndi Council Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, chomwe Utsogoleli. December 9 chaka chatha, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin anaperekeranji Baibulo loyambirira la bukuli kwa zinanso. Tcheyamani wa State Duma Committee, udindo nkhani ya malamulo chigawenga, Pavel Krasheninnikov, anati, osalephera bilu ayankhidwa ndi wovomerezeka mpaka 17 December. lemba limanena kuti nthawi Amnesty chimakwirira miyezi isanu ndi chigamulo boma adzakhala chikalata.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Amnesty ndi koyamba anachita pagulu

Pamene malo cha boma cha mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia anaika uthenga akugwira Amnesty likudzalo, zaikidwa positi cholemba kufotokoza chakudyacho mudongosolo yonse. Kuyambira cholemba anasonyeza kuti Amnesty kwa tsiku la Russian Constitution, kutengedwera kwa anthu ochepa amene amatchedwa osachepera chikhalidwe kutetezedwa. M'mawu ena, analonjeza kukhululukira Magulu apadera a anthu: ena mlandu, ndi mlandu, akuwakayikira ndi anthu pansi pa kufufuzidwa, komanso nzika anaona misonkhano yapadera kwa dziko.

Wotsatila wokamba za State Duma woimirira wa kagulu kamene United Russia, Vladimir Vasilyev anafotokoza Kudziwitsa Agency, anapeza kuti Amnesty zidzakhudza anthu pafupi twente-faifi sauzande. Malinga ndi mawu aphungu, lemba chigamulochi, anapeza Lachiwiri m'mawa mu "Rossiyskaya GAZETA". Komabe, zofunika sanawonekere pa webusaiti ya State Duma, kapena chuma boma la Russia ndi maukonde. Zikanadziwika ndendende zomwe pulezidenti akupita "chikhululukiro" ndi zambiri onse osiyanasiyana anthu kuposa ananena mu kalata ofotokozera. Lang'anani, anthu kuchokera pachiyambi anakumana uthenga wa Amnesty mafunde ndi kukambirana maganizo.

Asadandaule kwambiri fated Mfundo yachitatu

Asilikali kusamvana chidwi kwambiri chinali ndime yachitatu, akuti Amnesty kwa siyana osati "opindula", komanso kale mlandu. Nkhani amatchulidwa mu ndime yachitatu mlandu, akhala tatchulazi. Izi khalidwe, kuphwanya malamulo magalimoto, osati entailing imfa, komanso kutenga mbali ndi gulu la matenda misa.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo anati msonkhano pulezidenti ndi Mikhail Fedotov, wapampando wa HRC. Ndiye Vladimir Vladimirovich ndemanga pa mbali zosiyanasiyana za tsiku la Amnesty, kuti mwina anagawira yokha mwa anthu amene Ndipotu osati anachita machimo akuluakulu, osati kuchita chilichonse cha nkhanza nthumwi za akuluakulu a. Malinga ndi Boma, palibe chifukwa chabwino kuti ndikumasulireni ufulu wa anthu chikhalidwe oopsa.

Bungwe Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndinkagwira ntchito pa lemba la chikalata za miyezi itatu. Panthawi imeneyi, mamembala a bungwe la anaumirira kuwonjezera bwalo la Amnesty. Poyamba, kukambirana ukuning'a anamasulidwa yekha kuti "zigawenga". Komabe, pa mphindi yotsiriza vv Putin ali penapake zinasintha malo ake ndipo anapereka ndalama kwa asilikali kusamvana ya ina lachitatu, amene ankatanthauza ndi Amnesty a akaidi a zandale.

awonongeka kapenanso pachithunzichi kuwerenga ayenera zichotsedwa yomweyo pambuyo chikalata wakhala adavomereza ndi boma Dipatimenti ya Zamalamulo ya pulezidenti. Iye anatsimikizira woyamba Wachiwiri mutu wa makonzedwe a, zikuoneka kuti Mkulu. Choncho, buku la cholemba kuchipanga icho lemba waukulu akufotokoza zina mwa chisokonezo ndi kusowa pokonzekera imeneyo ya zochitika mu Ofesi ya Pulezidenti ndi co-ordinating iwo ndi nyumba ya. Umboni wa amanena kungakhale kalembedwe zachilendo, zimene zimaonetsa ndime yachitatu. Mbali malamulo n'chosiyana kwambiri kuti anaona m'madera ena a mpukutuwu. Mu ndime zotsatirazi, panali silikukambapo za kuti tsiku la malamulo a dziko la Amnesty ayenera bwanji anthu amene milandu amaonedwa kokha, kumene kuchita ndi nkhani yapadera.

Pali Mwina kuti Mfundo yachitatu popitirira zidzachotsedwa ku malamulowo. Koma funso chotero tikadapita anachititsa chipwirikiti ndi chikwiyire manyazi pagulu analiza zigawo zonse za anthu. Chifukwa chake chomaliza "kutsirizitsa" Baibulo wakhululukidwa sanali olakwa kokha.

Amnesty kwa "nyenyezi"

Si chinsinsi kuti mkaidi Amnesty Osangopereka "anapita misa". Iwo wakhala chizindikiro cha kulimbana ufulu akayidi andale, kulimbana anachita ndi olimbikitsa mwaufulu TV palokha nthawi yaitali.

Chodabwitsa, dzina mwa anthu "Putin a yosautsa 'imakhala zinadziwika chachikulu cha anthu akutsogolera ntchito chitsutso odana ndi boma kulibe pa zonse, kunali lotereli ndi zosafunikira. Pambuyo Amnesty mu 2013-2014 chimasonyeza kuti boma amatha kukambirana ndi anthu. Ngakhale kuti malingaliro zimene zimachititsa chifundo mwadzidzidzi wogawanika, chakuti Amnesty anali ikuchitika n'zosadabwitsa pa nthawi, pamene iwo amati, "Tsiku lina", ndi incontrovertible. Kuyambira m'ndende anthu amene kumasulidwa pa Amnesty Poyamba zinkaoneka ngati n'zosatheka: ". Nkhani ya Marsh" feminists a "kumoto chipolowe", ndi olimbikitsa "wa Greenpeace", Mikhail Khodorkovsky, wa oimbidwa mu Mlanduwo unatha ndipo Anatoly Serdyukov.

Ngakhale pa chilamulo Kusintha taonera nyanja mwayi kuchotsa Zipatalazo awo zilango onse. Choncho, Michael Kreindlin, kuteteza ufulu wa oyendetsa "Arctic Kutuluka dzuwa," anafotokoza kuti kusinthidwa anatengera kuwerenga chachiwiri, anakonzeratu Atamasulidwa ena bwalo la anthu Mwachitsanzo, adatsutsidwa pansi nkhani ya hooliganism. Iwo basi ankachitira Nditchimo "Greenpeace". The Kusintha lalandiridwa ndipo akadali m'gulu chikalata pa kuwerenga lachitatu. N'chifukwa chake Anthu 30 a "Greenpeace", limodzi ndi anthu ogwira anali atakhululukidwa bwino pamaso mayesero.

Monga momwe ife tonse tikudziwa, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova ndi Maria Alekhine anali pansi kufufuza ndi m'ndende nkhani chimodzimodzi. Bill wapeza malamulo ake ndi atsikana, ndipo iwo anakhoza kubwerera kunyumba kwa miyezi ingapo pamaso pa mapeto a nthawi yoikidwiratu.

Tikumbukenso kuti si onse "Bog" anapereka Amnesty. oimbidwa khumi ongodutsa m'nkhaniyi zipolowe, anali kumasulidwa ku mabungwe ndende, khumi okha akhala yokhala Achotsa milandu yonse. Komiti ya State Duma pa procedural, chigawenga, malamulo boma ndi chigamulo mosazengereza anakana Kusintha wa anthu la Amnesty mlandu ntchito nkhanza akuluakulu aboma ndi gulu la matenda misa. Popeza ndime imeneyi 17, olimbikitsa ufulu wa "dambo zinthu" sanali anamukhululukira.

List nzika, amene Amnesty sanali analengeza, ndi lonse zokwanira. Nthawi zambiri alandira olengeza lonse. Vladimir Akimenkov, Maria Baronova, Artyom Savelyev Dmitriy Rukavishnikov Nikolai Caucasus, Fedor Bahov, Leonid Kovin, Anastasia Rybachenko Oleg Arkhipenkov Stepan Zimin limakhulupirira Luzyanin, Aleksandra Duhanina, Yaroslav Belousov Denis Lutskevich Alexander Margolip Alexei Polihovich Andrei Barabanov Sergei pamapindikira Ilya Gushchin, Richard Sobolev, Alexei Gaskarov, Mikhail Kosenko, Konstantin Lebedev ndi Sergei Udaltsov, mulibe ndipo sati anamukhululukira.

Itanani pa anthu wamba, kapena Amnesty kuti "Milandu 12"

Amnesty ntchito ambiri otchedwa kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu wamba. Kukhala zinthu Amnesty, akaidi ayenera opanda chitetezo. kusamvana A zayambitsa flurry mkwiyo mwa achilamulo ndi ena nawo ntchito malamulo. theka mavuto chinali chifukwa chakuti ufulu anapatsidwa si misa, amene anali atalonjezedwa, koma gawo laling'ono kwambiri la anthu. A vuto aakulu kwambiri anali hardware malamulo njira, omwe anachita chotero kwakukuru kuti lamulo anasiya misa paradoxes, mbuna ndi duality.

Choyamba, mwayi kumasula angakhululukire okhawo amene anakana kuteteza ufulu wawo. Ndithudi, zikhalidwe za Russian ofesi mlandu wa mlandu ndi mlandu zimatenga nthawi yochuluka ndi kanthu Amnesty okha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndipo zigawenga onse angathe m'ndende kwa anayenera kusankhapo chimodzi; kapena kuiwala za chitetezo akatswiri konse, kapena kuyembekezera "madalitso a kumwamba," ndipo dikirani kuti chigamulo cha bwalo posachedwapa. Mochenjera ndi chilango cha idzachitike Mulimonsemo, koma kukhala mu nthawi inayake Amnesty kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Choncho tangoganizani za izo mosalingalira za chowonadi cha chikondi ngati boma.

Koma kwambiri kwambiri ndi kuwachiritsa chopinga anali lamulo la Amnesty kwa oimbidwa mu odziwika "Ntchito khumi." Musaiwale kuti iwo onse anali ndi chinthu chimodzi mu chisoni wamba wamba "msampha malamulo." Koma udindo wa onse ndi mfiti ankachita zinthu zosiyana. Kumene, ophunzira zachiwawa misa limeneli kuyesa mofulumira ndondomeko komanso kukumana ndi ofufuza kudikira kumasulidwa zotheka. Mlandu wa nkhanza oimira mabungwe yazamalamulo Zikatero, iwo anakakamizika amasowa, ndi kubwezera munthu yekha. Mwina iwo akanati akaonekere ku khoti apamwamba, koma zimenezi khalidwe kwenikweni anatsutsana ndi angaletsedwe awo "anzanga tsokali," kupewa chilango chigawenga.

Maganizo a akatswiri. Zolakwa zazikulu za Amnesty

Anthu Russian ufulu ndi achilamulo amadziwika kuti afotokoze mfundo akuluakulu nthawi yaitali ndipo mwankhanza kudzudzulidwa kamba ena a malemba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Amnesty wotero.

Kwa ena, loya kwa Marii Baronovoy mmene wakhala kwambiri zosokoneza ndi chosadziwika kuposa kale. Ankakonda sagwirizana nazo Amnesty mu 2013, kunena chakuti m'mbuyomo "chikhululukiro" sanali atamangirira magawo enieni kufufuza kapena mayesero. Chikumbutso Amnesty chomwecho unobtrusively "anatisankha" ndi mwayi anthu, kumene limachitira. Zachilendo chiphunzitso kuti Amnesty kokha mlandu, kwachititsa chisokonezo onse mwa akatswiri anthu ambiri.

Sankakonda Ndondomeko ntchito Amnesty ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Agranovsky, amene anaona zimenezo pofuna kuthandiza Kuthi monga mlandu pansi Nkhani 212 ndi 230, izo zimakhala zofunika akaidi ndi kumvera mtima za. Ndipo mawu zinali zosamveka ndi lomveka, sadzachitanso nazo kuti akamuweruze. Malinga ndi loya, funso limeneli kufinya ena pa gulu pochita iye nkomwe kumbukirani pamene anthu anaonerera anapeza zinthu Amnesty. Wotchedwa Dmitry chiyembekeza kuti kusodza kusamvana item adzakhala kukonzedwa zimenezo, mwinamwake iwo adzayang'ana sikoyenera kuti ndife.

Sergei Davidis ngati kulinganiza la kuguba, umene unachitika pa May 6 zolemba anasinthira mfundo Russian boma koma adachimanga maganizo a anzake "shopu" Dziwani kuti Amnesty anali penapake osauka ndi onyozeka, kuposa anthu ichi kuyembekezera. Chophweka njira kunapezeka kumasula akazi ndi ana, ngakhale n'zoonekeratu kuti zonse akaidi - ndi makamaka amuna wamkulu, amene ambiri kukhala pa milandu unproven, zikuganiziridwa ndi bwino anazindikira kale kuti aliyense chifukwa chilichonse.

Kodi iwo amanena pa nkhani imeneyi, akuluakulu woyenera?

Mu December kudutsa dziko unachitikira zochitika yapachiweniweni yophunzitsa ndiponso dziko lawo khalidwe, ife chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia mu 2013. Amnesty ankakonda anthu ochepa, koma pazifukwa si palokha ndipo chitsutso akatswiri, komanso anthu audindo mkulu mu magulu osiyanasiyana lalikulu.

Tcheyamani wa Gulu Helsinki mu Moscow Lyudmila Alexeyeva atadandaula kuti nthawi zonse zimachitika ndi malamulo Russian, panthawi yotsiriza anasintha sizimadziwika mu malangizo oipa, ndipo kuchokera m'ndende akaidi osati ochuluka kwambiri, monga zinakonzedwa ndi kulengeza kale .

Mu Council Ufulu ayesa kukana zambiri. Andrei Babushkin ananena mawu boma ankanena kuti lofalitsidwa kusodza ali wamng'ono ndi zimene anali ndi cholinga Council. Iye anatsimikizira "psevdoiskrennost" Amnesty, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa chigamulocho kusodza chifuniro amakhoza kubwera zosakwana anthu chikwi, yemweyo anamasulidwa ku m'ndende. Chiwerengerochi zimatchedwa Federal ndende Service la Chitaganya cha Russia kulemba momwe akazi ndi ana ambiri olakwa aang'ono ayenera anamukhululukira. Ndipotu Amnesty wolonjezedwayo sikungathetse aliyense mwa zolinga: kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha akaidi m'ndende, kugwirizanitsa mabanja, kukonza chopambanitsa Chilango ziwerengero m'ndende ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Koma Grandmother anavomereza kuti kufanana kwa awiri Mabaibulo a polojekiti awonongedwa: iwo onse m'gulu zinthu okha kupereka Nkhani mu Amnesty, malinga ndi zimene mlandu ayenera kumasula pa nkhani za zipolowe ndi "Bog".

Valery Borshchev wopangidwa Kuphonya Commission wa Moscow, wachita posonyeza chisoni chifukwa chakuti oimbidwa mu resistances wa apolisi ndi zinthu zina zachiwawa sati amnestied pa iwo. Iye akutenga malo kuti ambiri a zinadziwika mu milandu unsubstantiated.

Henry Reznik, woimira ndi wapampando wa Komiti ya Nyuzipepala, anafotokoza chisankho akuluakulu kusunga nkhope yake yandale ndi kubwezeretsa mbiri kwambiri kuonongeka pambuyo nkhondo, misonkhano ndi mikangano ncthito ndi "kumoto chipolowe", anthu kumatanthauza "chithaphwi mlandu" ndi ena.

Lang'anani, pafupifupi kanjedza onse ndi jurists anavomera kuti Amnesty kwa tsiku Constitution sanali konse bwino, chilungamo "anthu". Ambiri otchedwa boma kanthu "zenera kuvala", ndipo anthu amene alibe poyerekezera ndi malamulo, wamkulu kapena nyumba milandu mphamvu ndipo sanalandire Amnesty ena sverhznacheniya anasangalala skeptically polojekiti ndiponso, ngati ife tatenga ndi njere ya mchere. Komabe, Amnesty tinganene kuti ndithu bwinobwino akuyendera, chifukwa ambiri zoipa ambiri kulengeza kenako analola ngati "kumangosokoneza mgwirizano" ndi mwa akuluakulu.

Kodi inu mukukhulupirira izo mu West?

media akhala pachibwenzi "chifundo" wa boma la Russia kuti adziwitse 2014 Games Olympic, kudzachita amasankhidwa Sochi. Ku Ulaya, sitepe ili kwenikweni anayamikira, andale ena ndi kanjedza anthu za kumasulidwa kwa nambala lalikulu la akaidi ankaoneka kuti uponde ndi zomveka, ngakhale bwino kwambiri. "InoPressa" Mwachitsanzo, anatchula nkhani magazini German, amene adati insolvency ndi pathos amnesties. Buku "The Times Chatsopano" kugwira mfundo yomweyi ya view, Amnesty anali ikuchitika popeza manyazi ndi pamaso pa Games Olympic kulenga chithunzi zina za demokalase ndi ufulu Russia. Malinga ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, chinali chifukwa kusankha chophiphiritsa tsiku - Tsiku la Russian Constitution. The Amnesty unachitikira, koma anakhala monga chizindikiro, kuyesa yowala kusonyeza m'njira yatsopano, kusonyeza boma mu kuwala kwatsopano. N'chifukwa chake kusinthidwa kwa ndalama anali ndi zolemba tanthauzo, chifukwa chosankha kudzakudikira yosayenera, formulations onse akhala kulephera, ndipo mau ndi umboni - zapamwamba.