The matupi a m'deralo milandu. Dongosolo milandu la Chitaganya cha Russian - chiwembu

nkhaniyi ndi dera ndicho kuposa zogwirizana monga ukukhudza mwachindunji ziwiya, ndi milingo yonse ndi zoimira. Kapangidwe Zimenezi zimatithandiza kupereka chikoka zofunika ndi kusonyeza akatswiri ulamuliro zoletsedwa ndi malamulo.

Dongosolo milandu la Chitaganya cha Russia: chiwembu

Pakuti kumvetsa nkhaniyi, n'zomveka kulabadira zambiri.

Mu Russia, m'mayiko ena ambiri, mphamvu lagawidwa nthambi zingapo: milandu, yemwe ndi malamulo. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za oyamba, tisaiwale kuti ikuchitika m'madera akuluakulu anayi zikuchitika. Ali:

- lalikhulu ladziko;

- chigawenga

- utsogoleli;

- boma.

Choncho, pansi Kuthi malamulo zofunika kuti tizindikire mawonekedwe a kukhazikitsa chilungamo. dera Zonsezi likakhazikitsidwa komanso ukugwira pansi dongosolo lomwe lili bwino malire ofunda kuti kuganizira kukhazikitsa maudindo komanso ufulu chifukwa ndondomeko ya oweruza.

Dongosolo milandu la Chitaganya cha Russia, chiwembu ndi osavuta, ali ndi yopingasa ndi ofukula gulu la mphamvu. Mlatho yopingasa aumbike dongosolo nthambi zitatu: chigamulo, Court Constitutional, ndi mabwalo a lamulo. Maziko a mugawo ili ndi osiyana kwambiri mfundo iliyonse mwa madera.

Kuti timve bwino gulu ofukula za dongosolo milandu adzayandikira tebulo lino.

Matupi a m'dera zotuluka

terminology Izi ntchito kudziwa Kupititsa ndi akatswiri gulu Kugwirizana kwa anthu. Iwo ankadziwa kuti dera palokha, monga ziwalo zake, ndi mtundu wa wodzilamulira komanso limagwirira kwa kuonetsetsa ufulu wa anthu akuchita dera milandu. Pa nthawi yomweyo zodabwitsazi paphwando watsopano choncho ayenera kosalekeza ayesedwa ndi - ngati n'koyenera - kusintha.

N'chinthu chanzeru kuona chakuti matupi a dera zotuluka la Russia ndi dongosolo koyenera kuti mawu wodzala ndi zofuna za oweruza okha. cholinga Izi zimatheka ndi kukhazikitsa zofunika kuzikwaniritsa chindunji:

- kulamulira khalidwe, komanso mogwirizana ndi zofuna za omwe anapereka kwa oweruza;

- nawo gwero la, malembedwe aantchito ndi thandizo gulu la milandu ntchito gawo;

- pamene inu tikudzipereka kuyan'anila ndi mlandu monga mwa lamulo.

Pa nthawi muyenerabe kusintha limagwirira cha lamulo malamulo a bungwe milandu, liwulo ntchito ka limagwirira ambiri a mphamvu ndi consolidating za malamulo.

Pankhani nawo m'deralo, mamembala ake amadziwa oweruza onse, kumene lumbiro la kukhulupirika anali. Mwa dongosolo zimenezi zimatheka chifukwa cha chosankha kutsirizitsa mphamvu. Koma mwina kupatulapo kuti tiyenera kuziganizira. Ndi za kuchotsa ulemu kusiya. Imeneyi, umembala anakhalabe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kukopa ngati woweruza ntchito, koma, ndithudi, ndi chilolezo.

Features mapangidwe

Mabungwe a dera milandu ya Russian Federation (hereinafter OSS) Iwo akhoza kupangidwa ndipo kenako kuchita kokha pa malamulo oyendetsera dziko ndi kugwilizana zonse ndi iwo.

Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zikhoza chimatanthauza ntchito yaikulu:

- makamaka alimi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti amafuna onse anakumana monga zafotokozeredwa ndi Code la Judicial Ethics ;

- chitetezo oyenera a ufulu anasangalala ndi oweruza, komanso zofuna zawo, ena FL;

- thandizo akatswiri mu ndondomeko kukonza Kuthi malamulo monga;

- nawo makonzedwe a zinthu zonse zofunika pa ntchito kiyi - chuma, ogwira ndi gulu.

ntchito izi lingaliro, n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera mfundo OSS ndi polojekitiyi ali pa dongosolo milandu.

Zofunika ntchito

Pa otsiriza Onse-Russian Congress ali pafupifupi boma ndi ntchito za anthu ammudzi. Kuchokera pa ichi nzeru msonkhano ophunzira kuzindikiridwa malangizo patsogolo kwa ntchito za CCA ndi mabungwe boma. Akamanena za mitu yomwe ili:

- M'pofunika kulimbikitsa kudziyimira pawokha ndi ufulu wa makhoti, popeza mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito mogwirizana kwa otsiriza ndi wamkulu ndi nthambi malamulo. Ndipo cholinga ndi zogwirizana ndi nyumba onse m'deralo ndi pakati.

- The matupi a m'dera milandu ayenera kulabadira ndondomeko kukonza chigawenga procedural malamulo. M'pofunikanso kuti molondola kukonza dongosolo la kuchepetsa, umene ntchito mlandu.

- Adversarial ndondomeko ndi zofunika kwambiri mbali ya ntchito milandu, izo Chifukwa kuliganizira OSS.

- Zina kusintha amafuna procedural chigamulo ndi malamulo a mayikowo. Kuyenera sizinatchulidwe pano pa nthawi ya njira kuti achite woyenera khoti kuthetsa mikangano.

- Osati zosafuni- ndi chakudya khola ziwiya zonse ndi chuma komanso chuma.

- Mbali ina yomwe akuluakulu amayenera kugwira ntchito ndi anthu ammudzi milandu - lolimbikitsa a dongosolo unakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito zida ndiponso anthu oyenerera wotero.

- chitetezo cha zombo ndi kuteteza referees nkhani sanataye kufunika kwake, choncho amafuna njira mabuku. Komanso, udakalipo kufunika atumiza ubiquitous ntchito m'madipatimenti amene ali mbali ya dongosolo milandu. Koyenera ndipo kuwongolera processing milandu, chimene chiri kanthu ena kuposa zotsatira mosalephera ubale loyang'anira ndi malamulo.

Monga mmene taonera, gulu la milandu lolunjika pa kukwaniritsa ambiri mwa mavuto imachepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake amalenga anthu matupi otchulidwa m'nkhani ino. Zimenezi akufotokoza chakuti boma ndi chidwi khalidwe ndi ntchito mwaluso makhoti, amene angapereke njira yabwino nkhani zosiyanasiyana m'malamulo panopa.

ndi dera milandu Kodi

terminology amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufotokozera za dongosolo, amene anapanga za oweruza a mabwalo amilandu a feduro a misinkhu yonse ndi zoimira. Nawa oweruza nkhani RF. Pamodzi m'dongosolo zotuluka Russia.

Ndi dera lino amalola mwaluso bungwe ndi kuwunika ntchito oweruza mu gawo lonse la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Mu kuganizira funso limeneli, tikhoza kunena kuti dera lino kwenikweni milandu, amene wapatsidwa mfundo gulu. Kuwonjezera Powunika momwe ntchito ndi anthu ake, dongosolo lino ndi cholinga pa yankho la mavuto ena ambiri. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa udindo wodziwa bwino za kapangidwe mu funso okulira kwambiri kuposa ulamuliro yosavuta. Ndi ndi zolinga izi zimatheka efficiently ndi inakhazikitsidwa ndi matupi osiyanasiyana am'deramo milandu. Ntchito atsopano ndi motsatira malamulo zogwirizana, amene Komabe, masamba mipata yokwanira kuti zovuta zochita kutero. Zimenezi zimathandiza njira kusintha kukhazikitsa ntchito onse okhudzidwa.

Chimango malamulo

Association oweruza mu mawonekedwe a mudera ndi pansi maziko enieni malamulo, ndi mfundo imene lamulo "Pa Judicial ka la Russia." Komanso mwapadera, nkhaniyi 29. Kuti lili ndi mfundo zimene woweruza, monga oimira wina wa nthambi ya mphamvu, ali ndi ufulu kufotokoza zolinga zawo. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, monga unakhazikitsidwa mu malamulo ndi dera milandu likakhazikitsidwa komanso kumatanthauza m'mphepete mwa yamtunduwu wake.

Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti ubale ukugwira pansi lamulo okhwima, kotero kuthekera kanthu palokha Kwaletsedwa.

wa matupi milandu m'dera Chilamulo kwathunthu amasankha mbali zonse za dongosolo ndi malangizo a ntchito zawo mu anthu am'dera momwemo.

Mu gawo ili la malamulo feduro limafotokozanso nkhani ya umembala, akuluakulu maphunziro ndi mfundo za United oweruza. Komanso chidwi wapatsidwa mitu monga mphamvu, mtima wa malamulo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mabungwe onse amene zogwirizana ammudzi. Monga mukuonera, ndi kasamalidwe ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zotuluka boma kupsa bwinobwino. Zimenezi, amapereka nzika chiyembekezo cha mawonetseredwe a Luso mu Kuthi malamulo.

milandu matupi dongosolo

Pofuna kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino cha momwe ntchito ngati dongosolo lalikulu, m'pofunika kulabadira zinthu umene analemba. Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa iwo ndi ntchito yake ndi chiwerengero cha mphamvu zodziwika bwino.

Motero, matupi a m'deralo milandu ndi nthawi zotsatirazi:

- Onse-Russian Congress.

- Bungwe la yoyesa, umene ukugwira kutenga mayeso choyenereza kuti anthu amene amanamizira malo woweruza Apamwamba.

- Bungwe la Oweruza, zosankhidwa Onse-Russian Congress.

- General Assembly.

- The msonkhano wa oweruza ntchito mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

- Zofunikira bolodi (palinso mawonekedwe apamwamba thupi ndi anthu anzake amene zikugwira gawo la maphunziro Russian Federation).

- Bungwe Judicial zokhudzana ndi nzika za la Russia.

- oweruza Kudzifufuza Committee kugwira ntchito mu dera, ndilo phunziro la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Zonsezi Mzimuyo kapangidwe ka lamulo pa matupi a m'deralo milandu. Pa maziko ake, ntchito iliyonse malamulo zobvuta. Malinga ndi zomwe pamwamba, tikhoza kudziwa mitundu chifungulo cha matupi amene amapanga dera palokha:

- Zofunikira matabwa;

- Congress;

- Conference;

- misonkhano ambiri;

- Kupenda matabwa;

- malangizo kwa oweruza.

Chotero kufalitsa mphamvu amalola kuti efficiently bungwe ndi kusamalira malo osiyanasiyana wa ntchito za m'dera ndi kuwapulumutsa mosapatuka chimafotokozera za malamulo panopa.

Thupi wapamwamba wa dera zotuluka

Kapangidwe mu funso (OSS) Cholinga kuzindikira ntchito woyenera wa oimira m'nthambi chifungulo cha mphamvu mu dziko. Iye, nayenso imafunanso kasamalidwe woyenera. Izi ntchito zofunika akuyang'anira Board la Oweruza. Nchito yake thupi amachita dera pakati pa Zonse-Russian Congress.

Ngati tiyang'ana pa bungwe tsiku ndi tsiku ntchito, kenako tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti chimene chikuchita ndi nkhani zonse zokhudza anthu ammudzi. The kuchotserapo ndi anthu amene anawalemba ntchito zokhudza funso la choyenereza zikugwira bolodi kake.

Monga thupi apamwamba a m'deralo ndicho Bungwe la Oweruza, m'pofunika kuti ntchito kothandiza kwambiri yogawa woyenera wa mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, mu thupi ili kalekale 6 zigawo kumatanthauza okhazikika mu malangizo otsatirawa:

- udindo malamulo ndi udindo wa oweruza;

- zachuma;

- kulankhulana ndi matupi a m'deralo milandu, amene ali mu zigawo, komanso akuluakulu ndi boma, makampani padziko lonse ndi mabungwe a boma;

- mavuto a kusintha kwa malamulo ndi machitidwe milandu;

- m'gulu ndiponso ogwira ntchito.

Udindo wa zinthu zazikulu za Council analipereka kwa ndondomeko za kugwirizana kwa anthu ammudzi milandu ndi woyenera agwirire zake zonse.

ayenerere Collegium

gulu la mabungwe oweruza m'dera udindo ntchito amene musalekane pansi udindo bolodi. Ngati inu kulabadira Chilamulo Federal pa matupi a m'deralo milandu, ndipo makamaka, Article 18, za nkhani ya udindo, n'zotheka kudziwa zotsatirazi ntchito pafupi matabwa:

- zikugwira chitsimikizo cha oweruza ndi kupatsa luso yeniyeni;

- kuchotsa kapena kuyimitsidwa a mphamvu;

- riziki kwa chitetezo chokwanira kwa oweruza, mwa kulankhula kwina, chitetezo awo;

- woyenera kusankha ofuna kuti akhoza mokwanira kuchita ntchito ya woweruza;

- kuchotsa yosiya ntchito.

Pofuna kusankha Board Zofunikira akupita Onse-Russian Congress. Choncho mwambo umenewu ayenera kupezeka pa chimodzi chachitatu cha chiwerengero cha oweruza, wopangidwa m'deralo. Mkulu Board Zomuyenereza akhoza anasankha mwa oimira mitundu yonse ya ziwiya: usilikali, ndipo ena ambiri chigamulo.

Dziwani chakuti voti pa Congress ali ndi mtundu chinsinsi.

Kuonetsetsa kuti anthu onse ammudzi ingathandize ntchito zake malamulo alipo ali zodziwika mphamvu za m'deralo milandu. Iwo anafotokoza mu gawo zogwirizana la Chilamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo zingapo za gawo zokhudza Supreme Zomuyenereza Collegium. thupi ili ali ndi ufulu:

- Kuphunzira zokhudza khalidwe la woweruza si zogwirizana ndi Code, lomwe linasindikizidwa pa TV. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuteteza angatifooketsere ya ulamuliro wa boma milandu.

- Kuphunzira ntchito ofuna udindo uliwonse mu dongosolo.

- Chilengezo pa TV kuti panali wantchito ali ofunika m'mabwalo a osiyana- siyana.

- Kusankha za kuthetsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa wa mphamvu wapampando wa ku Khoti Lalikulu la Chitaganya cha Russia.

- mapologalamu ya Choyenereza chitsimikizo cha oweruza.

- gawo kalasi yoyamba ndi apamwamba Choyenereza ndi ena.

Monga mukuonera, mndandanda wa mphamvu si omveka bwino, koma ali ndi chithunzi mwatsatanetsatane za udindo zinchito mudzi makamaka limba.

zotsatira

Dongosolo milandu la Chitaganya cha Russia akadali akuyenera kusintha ndi kuwunika ntchito za oweruza mbali zosiyanasiyana.

boma, nayenso watenga sitepe kwa patsogolo zisathe ndi kupanga ammudzi kuti nthawi ndi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthambi chifungulo cha mphamvu mu dziko.