Gasi iwowo. The mpweya n'zosiyana ku Slovakia kwa Ukraine

gasi n'zosiyana - ndi chimodzi mwa mawu ambiri chuma ndi ndale, sizachilendo m'mabuku ndi uthenga. Osati chinthu chatsopano ndipo anawona mu mbiri ya mayiko pambuyo Soviet zambiri. Yesetsani kumvetsa tanthauzo chigamulocho mpweya.

Kodi n'zosiyana?

gasi n'zosiyana - izo ndithu chodabwitsa akale, mikangano pankhani imene ikuchitika ndi utsogoleri wa Yanukovych. Zochita chodabwitsa zachuma kugwirizana ndi katundu kubwerera mpweya. M'mawu ena, pambuyo wogula amalandira mafuta kuchokera wogulitsa, izo patsogolo mu zosiyana. Ngati tikambirana mfundo za chitsanzo cha Ukraine, + chifukwa yodziwika ndi zina zapadera. Izi amagwirizana ndi dongosolo osauka payipi amene asokoneza kapangidwe lokha mozemba mafuta. Mwachidule, mfundo amatenda malonda gasi kwa katundu, mu nkhani ya Ukraine - Russia, dziko lina pa mtengo wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, akupereka wa Poland, Ukraine mpweya Russian ndi iwowo.

mbali zimasiyanitsa Chiyukireniya n'zosiyana

katundu mpweya n'zosiyana kuti Ukraine ali ndi dera wapadera ndi kulunjika. M'dera la Ukraine - Russia ndi njira yopita ku Europe, chifukwa kudzera malo ake otsegula ndi kutumiza mafuta kwa EU. Pamene yonyamula mafuta kudzera m'dera la dziko, gawo la patsalanso mu "Naftogaz". Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwa buku la patsogolo mafuta (kale 10%) amatchedwa "anyamata." Kulunjika wa womwe ukulozera otaya mpweya mwa boma ndi osiyana, mwapadera mpweya payipi kubwerera ku dziko la ku Ulaya kulibe. Nkhani ina kumene nkhokwe katundu okha Ukraine, conventionally amatchedwa "chigamulocho." Malinga ndi zolembedwa za m'dzikoli amalandira mpweya zitasintha ku Slovakia.

Tione mbali malamulo a nkhani

Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha makonzedwe "kubwerera mpweya" kwa Ukraine, muyenera kulabadira zotsutsana ndi. malamulo Russian limalola yobereka wa mafuta ku Europe pokhapokha ngati mwapadera chitoliro (thupi TV). Ndipotu, palibe mipope ku Slovakia kwa Ukraine kulibe mpaka 2014. Malinga ndi zikalata, gasi amakhala chuma cha wogula kokha ngati mitanda ndi ulendo wapadera, yomwe ili m'malire a dziko la Slovakia ndi Ukraine, komanso ndi maiko ena kutumikira ogula la Russian "buluu" mafuta. Ngati pali mipope mpweya mobwerera ku Slovakia sadzakhala mwalamulo kale chifukwa chakuti mu mgwirizano boma ntchito yobweretsa mafuta bwino olembedwa, "Naftogaz" imeneyi zimangokolezera ngati woyendetsa ntchito. TV mobwerezabwereza anawonekera ndi kufalitsa Zoneneratu zimene "amanena mpweya" kwa Slovakia sizinachitike. Pa chiyambi cha September 2014 ndondomeko unayambitsidwa, ndipo akupitiriza kukhala pa kofulumiraku.

Chiyambi cha mgwirizano bwino

August 16, 2014 anayamba kudziyesa ndi payipi, amene kale amapereka mpweya kwa Ukraine kudzera Slovakia. Gawo kuyezetsa inkakhala ndi anathamanga ndipo yesani dongosolo kudalirika. Oimira Slovenia mobwerezabwereza maganizo awo pankhani yakuti chitoliro kuchotseratu ndi zida zimene kugwiritsidwa ntchito mayendedwe a mphamvu zitawonongeka. M'chaka cha chaka chatha chifukwa chikhalidwe cha zida za alangizi, zinali zovuta kudziwa mmene mpweya kwambiri adzakhala n'zosiyana ku Slovakia. "Ukratransgaz" kampani anatsiliza lonse osiyanasiyana ntchito kukonzekera pa "Uzhgorod" siteshoni pa August 7. zinthu zonse zinalengedwa ntchito yobweretsa mpweya European, makamaka chiwerengero cha anathana magazini osiyanasiyana luso.

Chiyambi cha makontena

The mpweya n'zosiyana ku Slovakia unayambitsidwa September 1, 2014. Vavu kutsegula mwalamulo zinachitika mu Velke Kapušany. Iwo anali nawo nduna yaikulu ya Slovakia Robert Fitso Nduna ya Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk. Poyamba opangidwa mu ulamuliro n'zosiyana ndi mode mayeso. "Blue" mafuta unaperekedwa kwa dziko kuchuluka kwa kiyubiki mamita 3 biliyoni. Mwamsanga September 2, mayeso mode latembenuzidwira mgwirizano malonda zipatso anayamba. Ngakhale Zoneneratu ndi zenizeni lero, anandiuza kuti popeza March 1, 2015 kuyamba yobereka wamphamvu kwambiri. Kutumidwa wa payipi "Voyany-Uzhgorod" wopambana. Malinga ndi mtumiki pachimake, kutsegula njira yatsopano ya yobereka mafuta kuchepetsa kuchuluka kudalira Ukraine pa Russia. Anakomana 40% zosowa mafuta a boma. Iwo ankafuna kuti amalize 100% mphamvu ya chitetezo cha Ukraine. ndalama yaikulu ku bajeti langokhala chifukwa chakuti izo zakhala mpweya European anagwira iwowo. Kupeza memorandum wa makontena n'zosiyana pakati makampani "Ukrtransgaz" ndi Eustream unachitikira April 28, 2014. awiri n'zosiyana mtundu wakhala anavomera:

• Small (osakwana 2 miliyoni kiyubiki mamita mpweya patsiku).
• Large (osachepera 30 biliyoni kiyubiki mamita mpweya pa chaka).

Kupulumutsa osati

Ndalama mafuta mu 2014 analipo pafupifupi $ 500 miliyoni. Masiku ano, dziko ndi ntchito mpweya zitasintha a m'mayiko monga Poland, Slovakia ndi Hungary. Russia kwambiri ananyamuka kusintha mpweya kwa Ukraine sanali ikuchitika, monga izi zingachititse kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama. ndipo anatengedwa miyeso kwambiri, makamaka kwambiri yafupika voliyumu ya imports ku Russia mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Ziletso pa katundu mpweya ku Russia

Russian "Gazprom", kufanana kwa formalization la mgwirizano pakati Ukraine ndi Slovakia, mu 2014, anayamba mwachangu kuchepetsa kotunga mpweya. Ndi "Moscow Echo" Malinga Ofalitsa atayamba ndi payipi latsopano, kuchuluka kwa mafuta aperekedwe ku Slovakia, yafupika ndi 25%. zochita zofanana, koma malangizo a Hungary, zinachititsa chakuti boma wataya njira imodzi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Pambuyo Russia kudula amapereka kwa Poland, dziko kwa masiku ochepa inaimitsidwa iwowo. Pakati pa vutoli, mu yophukira oyambirira 2014, Moscow adatsekedwa njira zonse Ukraine. boma wakhazikitsa ubale ndi wokondedwa latsopano Slovakia. N'zosiyana mpweya Ukraine ndi mu mtundu analonjeza. Russia Patapita nthawi osati adapitiriza otumiza zonse ku Ulaya kudzera m'dera la Ukraine, koma kuwonjezera izo mwa 7%, amene anapanga mpweya weniweni iwowo. "Gazprom" ndi katundu wamphamvu kwambiri "buluu" mafuta.

Kupeza njira zina mgwirizano chiwembu

Against maziko a zokambirana ndi kumanga mabungwe atsopano pakati Ukraine ndi Slovakia, Russia anapereka kuchotsera pa katundu mwachindunji mpweya kwa Ukraine kuchuluka kwa $ 100 pa mita kiyubiki. Pamene maganizo uyu anapangidwa monga kwa mawerengedwe chenicheni cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya padera kwa chilimwe ndi chisanu nthawi yomwe adzalola kuti konza ndalama bajeti boma. mtundu amenewa mgwirizano wakanidwa. Kuyambira March 1, 2015, Slovakia chigamulocho mpweya kwa Ukraine, malinga UNN, anachita kuchuluka kwa osachepera 10 monga ulosi gawo loyamba la mgwirizano, ndi kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 14.5 pa chaka. Mogwirizana ndi mmene mpweya Zinasintha lero, Ukraine ali oletsedwa oposa theka la zofuna zake mafuta. Voliyumu ya katundu mpweya kwa Ukraine chifukwa cha kusintha lero ukufika kiyubiki mamita okwana 27 miliyoni mpweya patsiku. Poyamba "Voyany-Uzhgorod" dongosolo payipi kupereka katundu mafuta kuchuluka kwa kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 10 pa chaka. Tsopano ntchito zina za payipi 4, kupereka ziwiri otaya mafuta kuchuluka kwa kiyubiki mamita 100 biliyoni. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi mwa mapaipi a dziko pafupifupi kuti zinatumizidwa biliyoni 55 kiyubiki mamita wa "buluu" mafuta ku Russia ku Ulaya.