Bone China. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino

Ngati zomangamanga - ndi zopaka thanthwe music, zadothi - izo mwinamwake mazira mweziwo. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti dongo ndi kupangidwa mu China mu VI atumwi. Chinsinsi cha ulimi yake mosamalitsa kulondera kuti yekha mu XVI atumwi ku Japan ndi kuyamba kubala mankhwala monga Chinese. Zadothi zikuchokera misa zadothi lagawidwa mwakhama ndi zofewa. Ndipo mtundu wa kugwirizana pakati pa iwo ndi fupa China. Mtundu uwu wa mtengo wapatali wa ziwiya zadothi amatchedwanso "golide woyera". Ndipo si mtengo kapena kupanga wapadera. Zamgululi zopangidwa zikhoza amati ndi mwaluso wangwiro matabwa ake ndi mawonekedwe.

Mbiri ya kubadwa

Kuyang'ana woyera, ndi kukhudza yowawitsa ya mkaka anaphika, pafupifupi mandala Chimaona chozizwitsa ndi kukhulupirira kuti zadothi yomalizidwa ndi zipolopolo pa kutentha madigiri 1250, ndi glaze umagwiritsidwa ndi zipolopolo kachiwiri, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madigiri 100. Choyamba fupa China kupangidwa mu England mu zaka za m'ma XVIII mu fakitare Dzhoshua Vedzhvuda. Kwa zaka zambiri anthu okhawo pa ulimi wa iwo wokwatibwa ndi England. chinsinsi A imakhala chakuti mu slurry mwambo zadothi (osakaniza wa kaolin, feldspar ndi khwatsi) Chinawonjezeka 50 peresenti yopsereza fupa chakudya. Apa ndi chinachake ndipo anapereka mankhwala chodabwitsa makhalidwe: lightness, translucency, smoothness ndi durability. Koma fupa phulusa anali kukhala okonzekera mwapadera kuti fupa China wakhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali, ulimi chimene kotero anateteza mwansanje ndi British. Mwamwayi, zinsinsi ndikutsimikiza nonse kuti kudziwike. Zadothi Yopangidwa mu England, anagonjetsa Ulaya, kenako Asia. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti fupa China China anayamba ntchito pafupifupi maiko ena onse ina.

Kugonjetsedwa Russia

Mu Russia, ndi pakati pa XVIII atumwi kupanga majolica anayamba kupanga. Chachikulu majolica mankhwala si otsika quality kwa Ulaya. Pangani zadothi kupanga mu Russia adafuna Peter Ine, anamulamula kudziwa chinsinsi cha kupanga dongo mu Meissen. pofuna analephera. Choncho, 1724, pa zadothi fakitale wamalonda Grebenshchikov, ndipo kenako mu St. Petersburg kupanga kuyamba kukhazikitsa ake ndondomeko kupanga yekha. Mu St. Petersburg, mu 1744, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Lomonosov, mulimonse Imperial fakitale zadothi, umene unali zoyamba mu Russia kwa kupanga zadothi. Ndi kuno Mfumukazi Elizabeth chopangidwa wopera, kenako zazikulupo: Miphika, mbale ndipo potsiriza zidole. Zamgululi Lomonosov zadothi Factory (LFZ) Quality pang'ono lonyozeka kwa Chinese, koma iwo anali otsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo kodi fupa China? Choyamba akupangidwa ku Lomonosov zadothi Factory mu 1969 chokha. Russia ndi mankhwala oyambirira a ku nkhaniyi anali ndi chikho. Pa chitukuko cha mankhwala anatenga kuposa zaka ziwiri, koma Bone China LPF kuti khalidwe English, wowonda, oyera ndi zambiri mandala. Chitukuko wake wa akatswiri chomera anapatsidwa USSR State Prize. Ndipo kotero kuposa Lomonosov zadothi Factory - yekha Russian limapanga wapatali fupa China.

m'malo Nodi

Kutchuka kwa zadothi mu dziko anatsimikiza ndi katundu: kukongola, kukongola, ndi zosiyanasiyana mtundu phale. Zadothi akuzisunga kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, mkati aliyense akhoza azikongoletsa mafano, Miphika, ziboliboli. katswiri wosayerekezeka fupa China - mtundu kutchula khadi la Russia. Apatsidwa akuluakulu lolemekezeka, kusonkhanitsa, anaika zinthu zakale, iwo kukometsera nyumba zachifumu ndiponso momasuka kunyumba.