Borovitskaya Moscow Kremlin nsanja mbiri. Momwe kuti nsanjayo?

Mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu wa Moscow, ndi Russia lonse - ndi yaikulu m'dera la boma la Russia ndi pafupi izo. Atazunguliridwa ndi yaikulu mpanda wamiyala ali ochuluka monga makumi awiri nsanja anaika pamodzi wozungulira lapansi. Aliyense wa awa amasunga mbiri yake, zinsinsi.

Boma la Russia ndi nsanja yake

Kuyambira ankadziwa ngodya kum'mwera chakum'mawa zokwawa mobwerera patsogolo, ife tikhoza kuwona zosiyanasiyana zonse ndi ulemerero wa nyumba imeneyi mapulani.

Choyamba panjira - Beklemishevskaya nsanja, kenako amatchedwa Moskvoretskaya. Kenako - Constantine ndi Helen, poyamba unkatchedwa Timofeevskaya pambuyo chipata pafupi. Ndipo ngati inu muli khumi chabe yaitali nyumba, maso Borovitskaya Tower.

Choona chidwi ndi nyumba zonse zinamangidwa panthawi zosiyanasiyana, motsogoleredwa ndi mapulani yachilendo. Pa nthawi yomweyo ali woona Russian makhalidwe ndi khalidwe. The osiyana mu mtundu wake ndipo sachita ndithu zoyenera mu gulu loyimba chonse - Nikolskaya Tower. Linamangidwa pambuyo anatengera makhalidwe a nyumba Gothic. nsanja onse ngodya ndi adzakhale, wina ili kukafika kutsogolo kwa mpanda - tetrahedral.

nkhani

Pakali pano, amadziwika kuti midzi woyamba pa dera la Moscow Kremlin analipo mu Mkuwa Age. Ndipo okha 1156 nyumba yoyamba kumapangitsanso gawo ndi kutetezedwa ndi pafupipafupi anawazunza mdani zinamangidwa. Makoma anali atazunguliridwa ndi mtsinje waukulu.

Ndithu nthawi zovuta ndi chipwirikiti m'njira imeneyi dongosolo mapulani. Ndiyeno nthawi imene Moscow anapeza udindo wa likulu la maufumu onse ndi mizinda ya Russia. Ndiye izo zifika pa sanali kugwilizana wa wakale Kremlin zikuchitika masiku ano. Umayamba nthawi ya nyumbayi kwambiri.

Aristotle Fioravanti, Pietro Solari, Marco Ruffo, New Aleviz, Bon Fryazin - onse mapulani izi tinaitanidwa ku Italy, kuti kupuma moyo watsopano mu zomangamanga ndi. Komabe, Dziwani kuti ndi kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi olamulira Russian, anatengera kalembedwe ndi khalidwe la nyumba Soviet. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife kuganizira zinthu m'deralo. Choncho anabadwa tione amakono a boma la Russia, Borovitskaya, Beklemishevskaya ena nsanja.

Borovitskaya Tower: zakale kudzapereka

Pamene timva wakale, kumbuyo mu '61 za m'ma 14 pa malo a nyumba ya makono ya dzina chomwecho chinali kumanga. Moscow Kremlin ano Borovitskaya nsanja anaonekera zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, m'zaka 14 mochedwa. wolemba anapanga wamanga yachilendo, lotchedwa Peter Fryazin. Iye anafika ku Italy ku Russia pa kuyitana kwa mfumu.

Mu zaka 16 ndi 17, nsanja watumikira monga ndime kwa Zhitnyaya ndi bwalo khola, kufika mwa chipata chachikulu sikunali kotheka.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Borovitskaya nsanja afika dzina latsopano - Baptist, mu ulemu wa mpingo, yomwe inali mu boma la Russia. Komabe, ngakhale akuyesetsa, dzina konse anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kamodzi chipata inali pa Borovitsky chizindikiro Ioanna Predtechi. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene yomanga mwachangu zapita yapansi mizere, kachisi eponymous anawonongedwa. chizindikirochi atayika, koma pa malo wapachiyambi anabwera maola.

zomangamanga

Poyamba Borovitskaya nsanja anali kwambiri m'munsi ndi inkakhala ndi lonse amakona anayi nyumba. Pamwamba inali pa ntsoyi ya chihema ndi mtengo.

Komabe, pambuyo 1666 zaka zambirimbiri anayamba kukhala mawonekedwe zatsopano. Choyamba, uko kunali atatu enanso pokha-mvu, amene pang'onopang'ono yafupika kukula, kupereka mtundu wa zomangamanga pyramidal. Chachiwiri, pamwamba chokongoletsedwa ndi wamtali, wokhala kumwamba ndi mwala octagonal denga.

Posakhalitsa mbali ya nsanja anaonekera strelnitsa ndi latisi zipata. Pamtsinjewo, ife anaponya mlatho kuti akhoza adzaukitsidwa.

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu kunabweretsa masiku onse bata, ndi kulemedwa kwambiri. Pambuyo zaka zambiri pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa, pamene nsanja kuthi wokongola mfundo zoyera mwala, likulu akuukiridwa ndi gulu lankhondo la Napoleon. Ambiri zipilala adzaonongedwa, mwamwayi, nsanja zowawa pang'ono. Lipenga anagwetsa hema wake.

Kenako anaika kuti nyumbayi kwa zaka zitatu. Inali nthawi imeneyi kulowa wotchi akuwonekera.

Pakati pa nsanja m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu rework mpingo. Kunyamula ziwiya zofunika ndi mpando wachifumu. Zoyerekeza-woyera mbali, koma iwo akuwonekanso kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Ndipo pa zipata za Moscow odula manja anapereka chithunzi. Monga mukuonera, nkhani Borovitskaya nsanja yodzaza ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Erection, bwinja kubwezeretsa, kusintha zolinga ndi ntchito zachilengedwe - izi zonse zimaonekera pomanga ndipo analenga fano limene masiku ano.

zokonzedwanso Last nsanja unachitikira zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zapitazo.

mkati

Ukayang'ana mkati, mukhoza kuona kuti boma la Russia Borovitskaya nsanja ku quadrangle ake m'munsi (pansi amakona anayi dongosolo) lagawidwa tiers. Kuyambira pano mukhoza kupita chapansi, amene lero theka uwonongedwe. Mu gawo lina la quadrangular anasunga zinthu zimene kamodzi wokometsedwera mpingo.

Anamanga-mu masitepe amatsogolera alendo yosanja lomwe lili ndi zenera anayi. The ziwiri zapitazi quadrangular amaphatikiza chipinda chimodzi, ndi kapangidwe zofanana ndi octagonal hema anakhala pa iye.

chipata

Komabe lodziwika si Borovitskaya Tower. Kodi tifike kwa ilo, mudzaphunzila pansipa. Ndipo, kamodzi mu malo oyenera, inu mudzazindikira kuti pali la magetsi. Ndi chipata ndi kuda strelnitsa. inawo chikugwirizana ndi nsanja pansi kwambiri, ndime kumabweretsa chapansi mbali. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa pamwamba pa nyumbayi, mukhoza kuona kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe triangular.

Tiyeni tione pamwamba pa chipata, anapeza mabowo awiri yopapatiza. Iwo anatumikirapo monga malo unyolo waukulu amene anatambasula mlatho ngati n'koyenera. Ngati kudutsa chipata, yang'anani, zamkati amaoneka, amene kubisa zitsulo. Mbiri yakale amati pazipata izi m'gulu la anthu oyamba poyerekeza ndi ena boma la Russia. Komanso, zinasungidwa malaya m'malo akale a nkhondo, chiyambi cha zomwe silinakwaniritsidwe anakhazikitsa.

mlatho

Lero n'zokayikitsa mawonekedwe a m'mbuyomu a chilengedwe amene azungulira Kremlin makoma. Neglinnaya Mtsinje, tsopano analowa chitoliro, ndipo inali khoma kumadzulo. Zinali chinyontho ndi m'madambo malo. Mwachindunji pa nsanja yokha mtsinje nayenso lakuthwa ndi kusiya pambali. M'nthawi ya 16 pali inamangidwa mwala mlatho.

Kulimbikitsa ndi bwino kuteteza njira anaganiza kubweretsa kwa nsanja. ntchito lolingana yakhala ikuchitidwa. Monga linga zinali chisankho chachikulu. Komabe, funso: kodi Borovitskaya nsanja ya boma la Russia lidzakhala lilipo, momwe ndingayendere kupita malo oyenera mu madzi mafunde a asilikali kalonga? njira inapezeka mawonekedwe a Mlatho.

Masiku ano, nyumba imeneyi wasoŵa chifukwa imfa ya udindo wake, iye anawonongedwa.

kutsogolera

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, komanso mochititsa kaso zikuwoneka Borovitskaya Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin. Kodi tifike kwa ilo yapansi panthaka? Chirichonse ndi wosavuta. zikhomo Major akhoza kukhala Borovitskaya Square ndi Alexander Garden. Ndi malo awa zili umakhala pafupi nsanja.

Kutuluka mwa munda, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito malo anayi okwerera sitima:

• "Arbatskaja" (Pokrovskaya Arbatsko- buluu nthambi № 3);

• "Alexander Garden" (buluu Filyevskiy nthambi № 4);

• . "Lenin Library" (wofiira mzere nambala 1);

• "Borovitskaya" (imvi nthambi № 9).

Choncho, kulumikiza ndi chidwi ameneyu apeze Msikiti Moscow.