Casing zitsime

The casing wa bwino ntchito pamene izo tikubooleza. Zolinga za chinthu ichi ndi ankaimbira muli kukhetsa nthaka mkati. Ikani ndime mdzenje poyamba mokhomerera.

Pa chomaliza danga pakati pa khoma wellbore ndi casing ladzala ndi konkire. Kodi mungaphunzire zambiri pansipa. unsembe Komanso zida za limodzi mwa unsembe wa zipangizo mu casing, amene ayenera anasankha kutenga nkhani zikhalidwe za polojekiti. Padzakhala Kwalamulidwa awiri ndi dzenje kukula.

Kodi kusankha awiri a

The diameters a casing amathandizira zokolola za chitsimecho. The zambiri phindu ili, wamkulu kuchuluka kwa madzi adzatha kutenga. Kuchepetsa mlingo otaya ayenera chimatanthauza awiri zing'onozing'ono zomwe adzatha kukwaniritsa zofuna za mabanja madzi. magawo ndi zofunika kwa kusankha olondola a casing.

Peak mowa madzi kwa dziko nyumba kapena Villa zingadziŵike ndi kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha mfundo za mowa. Izi zikhoza kukhala khitchini ulimi chiwembu, makina ochapira ndi bafa. Pa zochitika zimenezi, pachimake mowa madzi pafupifupi 3 mamita ³ / h. Ngati tikulankhula ndi nyumba kapena kanyumba, chizindikiro ichi zingasiyane mu osiyanasiyana 4 mpaka 8 mamita ³ / h.

Atagwira awiri mawerengedwe

Mawerengedwe a casing ayenera akuyendera, kuyesera kuwerengera awiri amene kudzadalira pa submersible zida mpope. Ngati ndime ili mu dziko kumene vodoraskhod pafupifupi 3 mamita ^{3 /} h, ntchito 75 mm mpope. Ngati mlingo otaya ndi kuchuluka kwa 8 mamita ³ / h, m'mimba mwake ya mpope afike 102 mm. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti aquifer osiyana kuchuluka zazikulu kapena malo amodzi madzi mlingo, mu nkhani iyi mpope mu chitoliro ndi apachike.

Posankha chitoliro awiri kwa 75mm ya mpope ayenera kukhala motere: 75 + 4 + 8 = 87. Kodi 4 - kusiyana pakati pa mzati ndi zida, koma 8 - ndi makulidwe a linga chitoliro. Chifukwa kuti casing ali miyeso muyezo, m'pofunika kusankha magawo amene ali pafupi ndi munthu Calculated. Mwachitsanzo, 87 ndi 89 mamilimita yabwino kwambiri, 108 kapena 114 mm.

Mu awiri asankhidwa anafunika akonzekeretse chitsime, chimake izi tidzakambirana mmene ndalama zambiri. Ngati mwasankha 102 mm mpope anapezazo ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ndondomeko pamwamba kwa iye. Kuti izi ziyenera anawonjezera chizindikiro 4 ndi 8 mm, amene adzalandira 114 mm.

Kusankha casing chitoliro mu nkhani iyi, 114 mamilimita akhoza adalipo Komabe, akatswiri amalangiza kugula katundu chitoliro awiri, pa mapeto akhoza kupeza casing, m'mimba mwake umene umasiyana mamilimita 127 kwa 133.

Cementing a casing

Cementing zingwe casing akhoza ikuchitika ndi imodzi yokonzera angapo. The woyamba amatchedwa mwachindunji ndipo kumaphatikizapo jekeseni mu ndime ndi osakaniza kuyenda kwa nsapato. Yankho akulowa malo annular nadzazidwa kuchokera pansi mmwamba. Chiwembu chachiwiri amatchedwa n'zosiyana chakudya osakaniza ndi isiyana pamwamba. The zikuchokera jekeseni anawamvera kunsi.

Pankhani lonse mafakitale, iwo nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi njira yoyamba. Pankhaniyi cementation ndi ikuchitika sitepe imodzi, imene buku wa njira ndi extruded mwachindunji. Pamene casing ali yaitali, ayamba awiri gawo cementing. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito mu nkhani iyi lagawidwa intervals, anachita ntchito zida ina.

A njira zina za cementing mutuluka khafu, amene anagwiritsa ntchito kufunika kuteteza mbiya ndi malowedwe a njira. Cholekanitsa khafu dera pabwino mu zipatso mapangidwe imeneyi. Pali njira chodzaza njira zobisika mizati ndi zigawo, amene allocated mu gulu osiyana.

Kukonzekera zida chifukwa cementing

mungafunike zipangizo zotsatirazi ntchito pa cementing mizati:

• cementing zida;
• simenti-kuphatikiza zida;
• cementing mutu;
• akuponya mapulagi.

Cementing mayunitsi zifunika ntchito yokonza simenti ndi kukakamiza njira mu chitsime opanikizika. Simenti-kuphatikiza makina ntchito zolinga zofanana, koma cementing mutu ayenera muzimutsuka mbiya ndi grouting pakhoma.

Mapulagi ntchito ngati mukufuna amachita ndi awiri gawo cementing. zida zina ngakhale ang'ono chofunika ntchito, akuti:

• hoses zitsulo kusintha;
• Kuthamanga n'kudzandigunda;
• zipangizo kufalitsa njira.

ndi zolinga cementing Kodi

Cementing zachitika aithamangitse wa pobowola madzimadzi ku annulus lapansi. Yankho plugging limatuluka ndi kutalika, amene m'kaundula mu mawerengedwe waukuluwo. cementing luso amapereka:

• kusamutsidwa wosambitsa madzi;
• kuteteza njira asanakumane ndi kusamba madzi;
• Anadzaza mbiya imeneyi yankho pa m'litali lonse;
• guluu wolimba kwambiri polimbikitsa phala ndi makoma osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa.

Ngati bwino casing adzakhala manowa qualitatively, izo kuonjezera moyo wautali wa nyumba zakuya ndipo nthawi yopanga, komanso ntchito.

The otsetsereka a casing ndi: kukonzekera

Ndipo kutatsala masiku ochepa casing shutter kufunikira kwake kupulumutsa nsanja. Kumaliseche ayenera idzachitika pa coasting wapadera kapena Kireni. Kwambiri osati akatulutsidwa pa kumaliseche casing.

Kuzionetsetsa wa chitoliro pamaso unsembe zifunike mapindikidwe zimfundo, kupindika kulekana kwa zinthu, pamaso pa notches ndi kudula malekezero. mipope ayenera zili roundness, kenako zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa mlatho kuti mbadwa zinayendera. Zinafika casing ziyenera kuperekedwa pambuyo zinthu manambala ndi zitsulo kuyeza tepi.

yokonza mbiya

Pofuna kupewa mavuto pa mbadwa pa danga, ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera ndi wellbore. Mitundu ndi ukulu wa ntchito kudzadalira boma la thunthu, kutalika ndi kuvuta kwa gawo lotseguka chigawo miyala. M'pofunika kudziwa intervals pamene pali mavuto kutsitsa chida. Izi zikhoza kukhala ledges mapangidwe, constriction kwa mbiya zigawo zone ndi Kukweza mawu.

Pamaso kusalaza katundu wa kusamba madzi ayenera rinsed bwino. Kutalika kwa ndondomeko imeneyi ayenera kukhala awiri kapena mkombero kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa kusamba madzi anawonjezera kuti graphite kapena mafuta magawowa wobadwira wa casing lapansi.

Zinafika casing

Mu sitepe yotsatira ndi casing ndi m'chitsimemo Mwaichi: centralizers, scrapers ndi turbulators. Pa mbadwa, ndikofunika kuwunika mwambo wa mzati kuti kutola, kwapatsidwa mwa magulu kukonzekera mphamvu zitsulo chitoliro khoma makulidwe.

The bwino choyamba ndi m'munsi gawo la casing, chimene chikuphatikiza nsapato. zinthu ndime pansi ayenera kukonzedwa kutsatira ndi oipa lubricant zochokera epoxy utomoni. Ntchito sanali kubwerera vavu mu nkhani iyi, ine ndikutsimikiza kuti ndi zoona ngati chitsime ali mapulogalamu mpweya.

Ndi wellhead mu dongosolo la kusowa chitoliro, ndi shabloniruyut awo pamaso likukula mofulumira. Okhwima cylindrical n'zotsimikizira ayenera kukhala mu chitoliro ku lumikiza lapansi. Kutsitsa casing, m'pofunika kusunga chifukwa cha mipope stackable kulowa item chiwerengero, gulu mphamvu zitsulo chitoliro kutalika khoma makulidwe. Chofunika komaliza chubu kutalika ndi kulemera kwake konse kumakhala.

Pomaliza

Monga chitoliro casing ntchito ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zingakhale pulasitiki, matabwa, zitsulo ndi mankhwala asibesitosi simenti. mbali pulasitiki akhala kupeza mu kutchuka, chinathandiza ntchito imeneyi kwambiri.