Chaka chimene anatulukira kompyuta mbewa, ndi amene mlengi wa chipangizo wapadera?

Masiku ano pali zinthu popanda lomwe tanthauzo loona mawu monga popanda manja. Computer mbewa - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo anthu, popanda zomwe wosuta pafupifupi sangachite. cholinga chake chachikulu - kumanganso makina kayendedwe ka wosuta kompyuta mu gulu la cholozera pa zenera. Kumene, tingachite kiyibodi chimodzi chokha, touchscreen kapena touchpad, komabe tingathe kuyerekezera ntchito kompyuta popanda mbewa atakwera njinga popanda pedals. Tiyeni tipeze chimene chaka anatulukira mbewa ndi Mlengi wake.

Chifukwa mbewa dzina lake Mbewa

Pali awiri Mabaibulo a chake chipangizo ikutchedwa mbewa. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina ili anam'patsa injiniya American Douglas Engelbart, monga galimoto yake ankawoneka ngati mchira. amaona ena kuti dzina unachokera kwa mawu mbewa «mbewa» anauziridwa ndi acronym pamanja opareshoni wogwiritsa Signal Encoder ( «mwambo encoder chizindikiro chimene pamanja kulamulira").

"Ndipo mu chaka chimene ife anatulukira kompyuta mbewa?" - Inu kufunsa. Monga Engelbart anati yekha mafunso akuti analenga anaonekera mu 50s, pamene kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Berkeley zasayansi. Pali wasayansi, iye ankachita nawo makhazikitsidwe Rada, amene ali a NASA.

Mbiri ya mbewa loyamba

Akulankhula, limene anatulukira kompyuta mbewa, ndi chimene iye ankawoneka ngati, n'kosatheka kukumbukira tsiku losaiwalika December 9, 1968. Pa tsiku ili, Engelbart koyamba padziko Kutulukira ake atsopano, anatenga dzina lovomerezeka la "kompyuta manipulator." Mbewa woyambayo osati anali wotchuka lonse pakati pa anthu, chifukwa anali wolemera kwambiri, azigona. Koma pamene mlengi amasonyeza mawonekedwe zenizeni nthawi ulamuliro - zinali ngati zosayembekezereka.

Douglas ndi imodzi mwa apainiya wa mawonekedwe kufufuza munthu makina. Iye anakhala Mlengi wa mkonzi malemba, gulu misonkhano Intaneti. Iye walemba mapepala oposa 25 mu cholowa cha eni luso 20 zoyambitsidwa sayansi ndi mphoto zambiri.

Popeza anaweruza nkhaniyi limene anatulukira kompyuta mbewa, ife tithe kusuntha bwino ntchito yake. Mu 1986, kompyuta mbewa, komanso ndi zolengedwa Engelbart, anakhalabe sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale ndi sanapereke kubwerera akuyembekezeka Mlengi. Koma ndi chipangizo chodabwitsa, ndipo tsopano sangachite chilichonse ndondomeko kompyuta popanda izo.

Ife anayamba izo mwangozi. opha ochiritsira (joystick, kiyibodi) monga chimasokoneza ntchito ya windowing, komanso Douglas msanga anabwera ndi enaake amene amatha atsogolere njira. chipangizo imeneyi inali yopweteka wanzeru anapezazo, amene kunalibe mu dziko.

Kodi chaka anatulukira mbewa, ndi momwe iye anayang'ana

Engelbart ndi anzake analenga tebulo ndi makhalidwe a manipulators zonse zodziwika nthawi, kuphatikizapo phazi, ndi zina bondo. Patapita nthawi, kuwala limapezeka kumanga zovuta kwambiri lalikulu bokosi matabwa ndi batani aang'ono ofiira ndi wovuta "mchira" m'dzanja malangizo. Mkati awiri zitsulo zimbale, amene anapanga mbewa kupita chitsogolo ndi m'mbuyo, lamanja ndi lamanzere. Woyamba ntchito zinachitika anapereka anzawo Engelbart - Bill English, pulogalamu Mwachitsanzo analemba Jeff Rulifson.

NASA Sanayamikire analenga manipulator kusiya Engelbart sanathe mwaluso kuimira chitukuko ku mfundo malonda view, kukhulupirira naively kuti anthu woganiza bwino kuthetsa lonse. Mu 1986 iye analandira setifiketi kuti "mgwilizanitsi chizindikiro" × ndi Y "kwa dongosolo kuwonetsera" inafunika polenga mbewa latsopano. chitsanzo Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo choyamba - anali kale ndi mabatani atatu, koma Baibulo amakono a kunali kutali kwambiri.

chidwi Ndipotu

Choyamba kompyuta akonzedwa, zimene zinaphatikizapo mbewa wakhala mini-kompyuta Xerox 8010, amene anapereka mu 1981. Mbewa kampani imeneyi inkakhala mabatani atatu, ndi ndalama $ 400. Mu 1983, kampani wotchuka Apple walenga mbewa wapadera ndi batani wina kwa kompyuta Lisa, mtengo wake wagwa kwa $ 25.

maulemu

Tonse analipeza lomwe chaka anatulukira kompyuta mbewa. Zinali mu 1968 Engelbart analandira mphoto kwa chidali chifuniro chake kuchuluka kwa 10 zikwi. Madola. Koma kale mu 1997, injiniya ntchito anali oveteredwa apamwamba - anali kupereka kwa Lemelson-MIT Prize (kuchuluka kwa madola 500 zikwi), ndipo kenako analozera yapamwamba mphoto Turing.

Mu 2000, 1 December, iye anali kupereka kwa Kutulukira, kuphatikizapo kompyuta mbewa, ndi Zikho National of Technology ndi mmodzi wa apamwamba mphoto US chifukwa cha kuphunzira mu IT-dera. Engelbart sanali olemera ndi bwino, anatsogolera wosalira zambiri ndipo za iye, pang'ono adakumbukira. Ndipo mu 2013, ndili ndi zaka 88, anasiya dziko lakufa.

Za m'tsogolo

Tsopano ife tinapeza, zimene chaka anatulukira kompyuta mbewa, ndi amene anachita izo. Ndiye funso n'lakuti - zomwe akuyembekezera wake m'tsogolo? Palibe amene akudziwa zenizeni, koma kuti izo adzaona mogwirizana ndi kompyuta khumi yotsatira, n'zovuta kutsutsa. nkhani ina mu mawonekedwe chimene chidzachitika - mu chipangizo, pafupifupi kapena biomechanical. Time, ndithudi, kuika chirichonse mu malo ake, ndipo ife kudikira patsogolo amasuntha.