Chauvet Cave, France: wapadera thanthwe m'mbale

Rock zojambula m'mapanga, m'nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, ndi chinthu asayansi kafukufuku padziko lonse. kupenta Izi ankaona kuti kholo la zojambulajambula ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa ngati chithunzi ziwiri ooneka enieni. Today ife kulankhula za katswiri yochititsa chidwi anatsala munthu wosazindikira m'phanga kum'mwera France, mu chigwa cha Ardèche Mtsinje.

Tatseka kukaona Chauvet Cave

Mbiri chipilala cha dziko, m'gulu UNESCO World Heritage Site, safuna kuti azimuwona, kuyambira kusintha chinyezi adzakhala zoipa bwanji boma zithunzi akale. Chabe ofukula ochepa, akusunga mosaphonyetsa zofooka abomawo kwa maola ochepa kumidima, kanjedza amene ndikuuzeni za moyo ndi moyo wa anthu akale.

Kupeza wapadera kum'mwera kwa France

Wapadera Chauvet Cave (grotte Chauvet), kupyoza mamita 800 m'litali, inatsegulidwa mu 1994 ndi speleologists atatu, mwapeza theka m'manda khomo la unexamined mwaluso achilengedwe. Asayansi, akachoka masitepe m'phanga gallery, chimene chakhala kokhazikika makombo a miyala zaka zambiri zapitazo, anali stupefied mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi lapadera: anapeza zojambula thanthwe bwino anapulumutsidwa ndi mwaluso anaphedwa. Akatswiriwo ananena kuti cholengedwa mayina a chikhalidwe ndi wamkulu kuposa kukula kwake ndi chiwerengero cha zithunzi za kale kudziwika mtundu wonse uwu wa maofesi mobisa.

NKHANI zojambula ndi njira ntchito yawo

Chauvet Cave (France) dzina la mmodzi wa sayansi amene anapeza kuti anthu anadulidwa ku dziko lakunja ndi miyala atagwa ku nthawi za Ice Age, chifukwa mu zojambula thanthwe mwangwiro anapulumutsidwa. Dziko mobisa wapangidwa zipinda zitatu lalikulu chikugwirizana ndi makonde yaitali. Mapanga awiri zojambula anapanga ndi wofiira ocher, ndipo mu ananena chosema otsiriza ndi zidutswa wakuda.

Pa makoma TACHIMATA ndi zithunzi zoposa 400, anadabwa asayansi 'anali kunena kuti wosazindikira okhala m'mapanga anasolola osati nyama iwo ankasakidwa, komanso ogwirira oopsa ngati mikango ndi afisi. Monga sayansi, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha rhinos chithunzi kuti sankalemekeza mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya yaikuluyi lapansi.

Zinatha nyama, wolemera pafupi atatu matani pamutu kuti adakonzeka mkulu nyanga kutalika pa mita, anali herbivore, koma anakwiya kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi zikuonekera bwino ndi zochitika za rhinos nkhondo mu Chauvet phanga. Pambuyo maphunziro chithunzi ichi chimatengedwa ngati yakale kwambiri mu dziko.

"The ojambula kwambiri»

Pali mbali ina amene adatunga chidwi cha akatswiri: musanayambe ntchito utoto, anthu kotheratu kuchapidwa ndi angaimbidwenso pakhoma, ndipo zithunzi anapangidwa zimenezi mosamala kuti cavers kudabwa ndi luso lake. Bwino woyenerera wa kuunika ndi mthunzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kufanana ndi chidwi chachikulu kwa asayansi, kukhazikitsa zaka zojambula thanthwe - za 35-37 zaka chikwi, ngakhale tsiku lenileni akadali ndi nkhani ya mtsutso aukali.

Akatswiri amene anaphunzira thanthwe luso, amanena kuti munthu wosazindikira, utoto izo, angatchedwe ndi wojambula kwambiri. zithunzi akale opezeka mu France, ali odzipereka luso, akalipo moyenera zosiyanasiyana kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino.

Rock zojambula, anapanga chipwirikiti ndithu mu dziko sayansi

Cave zojambula mu Chauvet phanga - zitsanzo wokongola wa zojambula oyambirira a nyengo Paleolithic, koma samapezeka kukhala wophweka ndi wopereŵera, ngakhale, monga gulu kudziwika wasayansi A. Leroi-Gourhan, zojambula mu mphanga amayenera kukhala mawanga zomveka mizere. French katswiriyo ndi paleontologist, amene ananena kuti luso zinachokera wosazindikira kuti zovuta, sanayembekezere chotero zikamera mochedwa luso thanthwe.

Nice kufufuza m'mapanga a Chauvet, kanjedza amene anatembenuka mozondoka ziphunzitso zonse za chitukuko cha luso, wachita kukakamizidwa asayansi kuganizira upathengo ya chimango aliyense anatulukira ndipo classifications.

Wosazindikira kapena mkulu misinkhu aluso wakale?

Akatswiri French amanena kuti anthu oyambirira anali bwino moyenera chiaroscuro, ndi kamera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zachilendo sakudziwabe akatswiri ambiri. Tinganene, manambalawo kuyang'ana malo amodzi ndi thanthwe apeza mwangwiro analanda mphamvu ndi chikhalidwe cha nyama, zomwe ndi zachilendo kwambiri kwa nthawi Paleolithic, ndi thunthu kusintha maganizo a anthu akale.

Mwachitsanzo, fano la kavalo akuthamanga mu Chauvet phanga, ndipo musaime chilili, mikango agwire njati, ndi kubala m'khutu, kuti mukaone ambwandile umunthu. Ndipo ojambula zithunzi akale zogwirizana m'gulu zojambula mu danga wamba m'kaidi. Iwo likukhalira kuti pa chiyambi cha anthu oyambirira anali ndi luso luso pa mlingo mkulu.

Wapadera zojambula phanga

Izi ndi zodabwitsa, chifukwa anthu akale Patapita nthawi sanali kusiya kuda aliyense wa ena kuposa mawanga mdima kuchokera miyuni lapansi. Rock zojambula ndi chidwi ndi chakuti iwo mukhoza kuona zithunzi za nyama wosadziwika, umene mbiri chete. Amayambitsa chidwi zosaneneka mwa maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, zinatha wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya rhinoceros ndi anansi oyandikana nawo nyumba, mbulanda. Ndi mikango akuonetsedwa pa makoma, palibe manyenje bwino.

Zithunzi ndi anthu kuphanga pali pang'ono, ngakhale kuti pali mosiyanasiyana yachilendo, amatikumbutsa osati za munthu ndi cholengedwa wosangalatsa ndi mutu wa njati a.

Koma mwina fano atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kupangidwa mu recess thanthwe, angatchedwe kwambiri. Iwo chidwi kwambiri kwa akatswiri ndi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe sizikhudza kwina kulikonse. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena otchedwa Paleolithic makanema ojambula woimira mizere chithunzi waikamo ngati laminated wina ndi mzake, ndipo pamene chochitika kuwala pa miyuni fano, ndi "moyo".

asayansi kafukufuku

Akatswiri nthumwi zaka dongosolo, ali ankamangidwanso mbiri ndipo mwapezeka kuti Chauvet Cave wakhala chinthu Ntchitoyi wakale anthu za 37 zikwi zapitazo, ndipo lisanalipiridwe anthu zimbalangondo, omwe ali opambana kulemera kwa bulauni ano. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafupa anapeza a chilombo aakulu, ngakhale ena ofufuza amakamba kuti iye ankalambira anthu akuvomereza mwambo nyama.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi Chauvet phanga, chithunzi thanthwe luso lomwe sadzalekerera aliyense osayanjanitsika, Zakhaladi anthu. Pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri chinali chopanda kanthu ndi asayansi asonyeza kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi kusintha miyala ya dzikoli, makamaka, ndi kugumuka wa miyala.

zaka makumi awiri akuphunzira mobisa maholo, asayansi, ndi maphunziro oposa 350 akhala akufufuza kukhazikitsa chibwenzi cha zojambula za njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo radiocarbon chibwenzi. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, ngakhale kuwunika izi singakwane kukhazikitsa zaka woona za chifanocho.

zinsinsi m'kaidi

Chauvet Cave, tikambirana zinthu zofunika kwambiri mbiri isanayambe zipilala mu dziko la chisunzo akugwirizira zinsinsi zambiri, popeza kunapezeka, izo sanali anthu amoyo, koma kulenga zithunzi. A chimbalangondo chigaza pa mwala waukulu limasonyeza kuti phanga ntchito ngati malo a kulambira nyama ndi miyambo zamatsenga. Asayansi ndi kutanthauzira osiyanasiyana anapezazo, koma mayankho okhazikika koma sangapereke.

Chikalatachi kuphanga

Mu 2015, chochitika chofunika mu dziko chikhalidwe: mu France, kumeneko buku la phanga wotchuka, pakhomo limene chatsekedwa, ndipo m'chaka malo apadera anachezeredwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 350 zikwi. mayuro makumi asanu miliyoni anathera pa grotto yokumba, molondola kubereka zipinda lalikulu, zojambula wakale ngakhalenso stalactites.

Omwe anakhala kunayambira luso zabwino Europe phanga, amene makope gwero la fano pansi pa zinthu zazing'ono, kuyembekezera aliyense kukhudza chinsinsi cha Nthawi zakale.