Chinyezi wachibale ndipo mtheradi chinyezi: makhalidwe muyeso ndiponso kutsimikiza

Chinyezi ndi khalidwe zofunika a sing'anga yozungulira. Koma si onse mokwanira tanthauzo ndi mfundo za zizindikiro malipoti anagonjera ndi nyengo. chinyezi wachibale ndi chinyezi mtheradi - ndi mfundo ofanana. Kuti timvetse akamanena za munthu popanda kudziwa zina sizitheka.

Air ndi chinyezi

Air lili chisakanizo cha zinthu m'chigawo gaseous. Izi makamaka asafe ndi oxygen. Iwo zambiri wapangidwa (100%) zili pafupifupi 75% ndipo 23% ndi kulemera, motero. About 1.3% argon, zosakwana 0,05% - ndi mpweya. The zotsalira (akusowa kachigawo Unyinji wa za 0,005% mu okwana) ali mu chiwerengero cha xenon, wa hydrogen, krypton, helium, methane, ndi Neon.

Komanso mu mlengalenga zonse lili wina kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mu mlengalenga imagwera pambuyo evaporation wa mamolekyulu madzi kuchokera m'nyanja dziko, ndi dothi lonyowa. Mu malo chatsekedwa amanena ake amasiyana ndi malo kunja zimadalira kupezeka kwa zina magwero a okwanira ndi mowa.

Kwa tanthauzo lachindunji kuposa makhalidwe thupi ndi zizindikiro kachulukidwe ntchito mfundo ziwiri: chinyezi wachibale chinyezi mtheradi. Tsiku ndi tsiku ndi owonjezera madzi nthunzi inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuumitsa zovala m'kati kuphika. Anthu ndi zinyama zimatulutsa kupuma wake, chifukwa cha kuwombola mbewu mpweya. Kupanga kusintha mu chiŵerengero ya nthunzi ya madzi mwina chifukwa condensation pa dontho kutentha.

Mtheradi ndi wachibale chinyezi: makamaka ntchito mawu akuti

Kodi zofunikira kudziwa enieni kuchuluka ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga? Malinga ndi magawo izi mopitirira Zoneneratu nyengo, n'zotheka mvula ndi ndalama, njira kusamukira amadzibisa. Pamaziko a kuopsa wofunitsitsa zowononga ndi mphepo makamaka zimakhala loopsa kwambiri m'chigawochi.

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri ziti? General kuti chinyezi onse wachibale ndi mtheradi chinyezi ochititsa mpweya amasonyeza nthunzi. Koma index loyamba anatsimikiza ndi mawerengedwe. wachiwiri angathe kuyeza ndi njira thupi ndi zotsatira mu g / mamita ^3.

Komabe, ndi kusintha yozungulira kutentha, mfundo izi zimasiyana. Amadziwika kuti mpweya pazipita anyamula wina kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi - chinyezi mtheradi. Koma modes + 1 ° C ndi + 10 ° C, mfundo zimenezi zidzakhala zosiyana.

The kudalira a okhutira kachulukidwe ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga pa kutentha akuonetsedwa ngati chinyezi wachibale. Iwo masamu monga njira. chifukwa chimaonetsera kuchuluka (cholinga muyeso wa mtengo pazipita nkotheka).

Mphamvu ya mmene chilengedwe

Monga kusintha mtheradi ndi chinyezi wachibale ngati auka kutentha, mwachitsanzo, + 15 ° C kwa + 25 ° C? Ndi kuwonjezeka mu auka ake nthunzi kuthamanga. Choncho, unit buku (mita kiyubiki wina). Mamolekyulu Water woyenera kwambiri. Choncho, ilo limakula ndi chinyezi mtheradi. Wachibale Choncho yafupika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka leni ya nthunzi ya madzi amakhalabe pa mlingo chomwecho, ndi mtengo pazipita zotheka chawonjezeka. Malinga ndi njira (kugawa wina ndi mzake ndi kuchulukitsa zotsatira ndi 100%) pamapeto pake adzakhala ndichepe chizindikiro.

Kodi kusintha Mtheradi ndi chinyezi wachibale pa otsika kutentha? Kodi chimachitika ndi kuchepa wochokera 15 ° C kwa + 5 ° C? Mtheradi chinyezi nthawi yomweyo yafupika. Choncho, mu mita kiyubiki 1. mpweya nthunzi osakaniza akhoza maximally akomere ochepa. chilinganizo mawerengedwe adzakusonyezani ukuwonjezeka mu linanena bungwe - kuchuluka chinyezi wachibale kwambiri.

kwa anthu

Pamaso pa muyeso nthunzi ya madzi akuona stuffiness, ndi akusowa wa - khungu kumva dryness ndi ludzu. Mwachionekere, lonyowa mpweya chinyezi pamwamba. Ndi muyeso wa madzi owonjezera si anapitiriza m'chigawo gaseous ndipo anapeza mu sing'anga madzi kapena olimba. Mu mlengalenga, izo iri yofulumira pansi ndi owonetseredwa mpweya (chifunga, wamchisanu). Chipinda pa mkati mwa zinthu aumbike condensate wosanjikiza pamwamba pa udzu m'mawa mame.

Kuwonjezeka kutentha mosavuta kunyamula mu chipinda youma. Komabe, mode chomwecho, koma pa chinyezi wachibale pamwamba 90% amachititsa kutenthedwa mofulumira thupi. The thupi kumenyana zodabwitsazi mofanana - pali kutentha ndi thukuta. Koma ukuphwera mofulumira mu mpweya youma (kuyanika) padziko thupi. ichi sichichitika mu malo lonyowa. Yoyenera kwambiri (chitonthozo) kwa mode munthu - izi ndi 40-60%.

Muyeso wa wachibale ndipo mtheradi chinyezi

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira? Zipangizo granular mvula zolimba zili pa wagawo buku amachepetsa. Kusiyana kumeneku si kofunika kwambiri, koma yambiri akhoza "kutsanulira" mu chiwerengero zotsimikizika.

The mankhwala (tirigu, ufa, simenti) ndi kololeka chinyezi pakhomo, pa zomwe zikhoza kusungidwa popanda imfa ya katundu khalidwe kapena processing. Choncho, kuyan'anila zizindikiro ndi kukhalabe iwo pa mlingo wa akadakwanitsira wofunikila yosungirako. Kuchepetsa chinyezi mu mlengalenga ndi kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa katundu wake.

zipangizo

Zochita chinyezi leni chimaonekera mwa hygrometers. njira ziwiri kulibe pamaso. Mmodzi zachokera kusintha extensibility wa tsitsi (munthu kapena nyama). Wina - ndi masiyanidwe thermometer kuwerenga youma ndi lonyowa chilengedwe (psychrometric).

The tsitsi hygrometer Cholozera limagwirira kugwirizana ndi chimango cha anakhala ndi tsitsi. Iye ali, malingana ndi chinyezi yozungulira kusintha thupi katundu. Muvi kumbali kusiya kufunika pakuyenerera. magulu ake inamva ndi sikelo ntchito.

chinyezi wachibale chinyezi mtheradi, zimadziwika kudalira kutentha yozungulira. Mbali imeneyi ntchito psychrometer a. Mu kudziŵa kuwerenga atengedwa thermometers zoyandikana. Botolo chimodzi (youma) ndi zinthu zachilendo. The zina (chonyowa), izo waphimbika mu chingwe, chimene chikugwirizana ndi mgodi wa madzi.

Izi zikachitika, thermometer amaona chilengedwe ndi chinyezi chamunthuyo. Ndipo chithunzi ichi zimadalira kuchuluka ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga. Amaonekera ndi kusiyana kuwerenga. Chinyezi wachibale anatsimikiza kwa matebulo wapadera.

Posachedwapa, kuwonjezeka ntchito ali masensa ntchito kusintha makhalidwe magetsi zipangizo zina. Kutsimikiza zotsatira ndi chiyanjanitso zipangizo kulibe Buku unsembe.