Highland Dagestan: chikhalidwe mpumulo, mavuto a zachilengedwe

Limodzi mwa mayiko ambiri kwabasi la Chitaganya cha Russian - Dagestan. Dzina limeneli chaonekera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndipo limatanthauza 'dziko la mapiri ". Izi ndi nkhokwe dziko, chodabwitsa chikhalidwe m'deralo.

osiyanasiyana Dagestan

malo Geographical ya kumapiri Dagestan - kumpoto-otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa Caucasus ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Caspian maganizo. Ndi kwambiri kum'mwera European gawo la Russia. Ali munthu pazipita kutalika - 400 Km from kumpoto chakum'mwera. Latitude - 200 Km. Caspian gombe mizere athandize 530 Km. Republic malire - awiri mitsinje Kuma (mu kumpoto) ndi Samur (kum'mwera). Population heterogeneity ndipo imakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

gawo lawo chidagawika patatu, makhalidwe zachilengedwe ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. 51% ya Republic ali otsika. Kumpoto, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa zitunda kuti anasiyanitsidwa ndi zigwa ndi zigwa, zatenga 12% ndipo anaitana foothill gawo. Highland Dagestan - ndi 37% ya dziko. Lamapiri m'dera - kusintha kwa malo okwera lalikulu nsonga wopanikiza kuwafika mamita 2500.

Dagestan Arc

Pafupifupi theka la Republic - ndi m'mapiri. Dziwani kuti lalikulu gawo - ubweya wambiri dambo mtundu. Pali oposa 30 nsonga amene anawoloka chotchinga mamita 4000. Ndipo ambiri a mapiri, pamene kanema basi Kodi sangafikire motere. General phiri m'dera - 25,5 zikwi km² .. Choncho, ambiri kutalika kwa Republic - mamita 960 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndi phiri lalitali - Bazardyuzyu, kutalika kwake - 4466 m.

Mtundu, maziko a mapiri, momveka kugawidwa ndi zigawo. Ambiri ndi wakuda shales, ndi zamchere dolomitic miyala sandstone. Chipale lokwera, Boghos ndi Shalib - slate izi.

Foothill kutalika 225 Km kusema lokwera yopingasa, motero kupanga mwala khoma lazungulira ndi ya m'mapiri mkati Dagestan. Kumeneko cha kuchuluka yaikulu ya alendo apaulendo.

Alendo njira Dagestan kudutsa mapiri, ndiwo ulemu wa m'deralo. mfundo Racy, zitunda wowoneka thumba phiri mitsinje napereka misinkhu yonse cha kapangidwe - maulendo zofunikira adventurers.

Mountain zone nyengo

Republic nyengo zimadalira zone nthaka. Dera kumene okwera mamita oposa 1000 - lamapiri. Kudera limeneli chimakwirira 40% gawo lonse la Republic. Ngakhale kusiyana pakati padziko, nyengo akhoza wachinsinsi monga amtengo chokhala.

Highland Dagestan amakhala ndi kuwakantha kusiyana zizindikiro kutentha poyerekeza ndi otsika lapansi. Pamalo okwera mamita 3000 kutentha chaka chonse sasefukira pamwamba 0 ° C. Mwezi kunkafika pachimake - January, izo ranges ku -4 ° C kwa -7 ° C. A pang'ono chipale chofewa, koma imachititsa pansi mu chaka. Otchulidwa mwezi - August. Chilimwe pamwamba pa ozizira, koma otentha mu zigwa.

mvula osasamba. Kuyambira May mpaka July, zambiri za mvula imagwera. Kaŵirikaŵiri mitambo. Livni akhoza anachedwa kwa masabata angapo. Chamvula mudzaze mtsinje, ndipo anthu ndiwathetse milatho ndi eroding njinga.

Dongosolo mtsinje

Relief lamapiri Dagestan chinathandiza zikamera amalumikizana wandiweyani mitsinje. Pa malo makilomita lalikulu 50.270 pali 6255 mitsinje. Koma pano Dziwani kuti ambiri a iwo ndi kutalika zoposa 10 Km. Highland Dagestan wafunsira mitsinje awiri akuluakulu a dziko. Sulak ndi anatulutsa ku mapiri kumpoto, ndi Samur - kumwera.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana Sulak poyamba unkatchedwa "Nkhosa Madzi" kapena "mathithi". M'litali - 169 Km. Ndi mwini wake wa chigwa chachikulu kwambiri mu Russia. M'litali - 50 Km. Zolemba mozama - mamita 1920. Samur poyamba linkatchedwa "mtsinje Chveher". Izi ndi mtsinje wachiwiri Dagestan. Kutalika kwa izo - 213 Km.

Ambiri, 92% ya mitsinje yonse - phiri, otsala 8% zimachitika otsika ndi m'tsinde lapansi. pafupifupi otaya mathamangidwe ndi 1-2 m / s. Liwiro kumatheka mwa madzi osefukira. Kudzadza Mtsinje advantageously kusungunula madzi. Kupatulapo ndi mtsinje Gyulgerychay.

Aliyense wa mitsinje za Caspian beseni, koma 20 okha a iwo kugwera mu nyanja. Delta analenga chaka kusintha malangizo awo kutsogolo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.

Kuchuluka kwa kudera lamapiri

Dagestan lagawidwa m'zigawo zitatu Hrs, omwe ali ndi makhalidwe yake.

M'tsinde - malo a mgoza ndi phiri nkhalango dothi. Pa lonse yachonde ndipo phiri otsetsereka zapeza nthaka wakuda. Pali steppe, nkhalango ndi mapiri dambo dziko.

Otsika ntchito mafomu ulimi. Lamapiri mtunda muli nthandala nkhalango (a okwana oposa 10%). Forest zimapanga mitengo. M'madera kum'mwera makamaka mumamera ndi nkhalango hornbeam. M'dera lamkati pali birch ndi pine. Plateau - odyetserapo ziweto. Mbali osauka wa otentha - mfundo. Pali kupulumuka ndere yekha ozizira-Hardy ndi lichens.

Wildlife lamapiri Dagestan wapadera. Mderali moyo Dagestan mbuzi, mdima zimbalangondo bulauni, mfulu Caucasus nswala, agwape roe, bezoar mbuzi, akambuku. Akatswiri ambiri zagwira dziko la mbalame. Ular, chukar, Alpine Chough ndi Eagles mukukhulupirira okwera malo abwino okhalamo.

Ubale ndi Conservation

Kunyada kwa dera - nkhokwe ndi m'mapaki achilengedwe. m'gawo chaka chilichonse koposa ndi kukuteteza boma. Kuchuluka kwa dziko ayenera kutetezedwa ndi kusamalira. Thandizani wapadera nyama ndi zomera - ntchito yaikulu ya boma pano.

Koma lero pali mavuto aakulu zachilengedwe lamapiri Dagestan. Lalikulu - zauve kumwa madzi. Vuto chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Kamodzi mitsinje woyera adzawonongedwa chisoni zinyalala. Musati kuvulaza zochepa kuba mchere ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Air kuipitsa zomera komanso mafakitale. Pali osauka dongosolo zinyalala.

Kuopsa lalikulu malo aakulu awa - kunyalanyaza anthu a m'deralo zachilengedwe. Musaiwale kuti lonse la Dagestan lili m'dera lamapiri. Chosaneneka kudula mitengo kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti otsetsereka anawonongedwa. kukokoloka ndondomeko zimakhazikika chaka chilichonse. Choncho, dziko posachedwapa kwathunthu kusintha maonekedwe ake kapena kutha palimodzi.