Bialowieza Forest - chuma cha mtundu!

ndi Bialowieza Forest ndi chiyani? Choyamba, ndi ochepa waukulu wa primeval chidina nkhalango pa lathyathyathya mtunda. Malinga ndi nzeru za asayansi amakono, nkhalango mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe inali mu Europe, koma wakhala mwina kudula pa nthawi. Mu kwambiri kapena zochepa mtundu wapachiyambi iwo asungidwa monga khamu lalikulu malire a dera Bialowieza, amene nawonso, lili pa mayiko a Poland ndi Belarus.

nkhalango Geography

Bialowieza Forest - malo, amene amayendetsa m'malire a dziko limati awiri - Republic of Belarus ndi ku Republic of Poland. Pafupi nkhalango izi namwali ndi wotchuka mbiri isanayambe okulira ya Black ndi Baltic Pacific. The nyama ndi zomera mderali Hrs ndi wapadera. Kudzalipulumutsa mu Bialowieza Forest anakhazikitsa modes anayi a chitetezo:

• kutetezedwa zone;
• osangalatsa kumene;
• Zone ntchito ankalamulira;
• zone zachuma.

Komanso, kuzungulira chikhalidwe malo, yokumba gawo lotetezedwa nthambi. Forest, yomwe ili m'mayiko a Belarus ndi Poland, chapadera zosiyanasiyana Nkhalango yaikulu ya onse ya mbiri isanayambe ukadalipobe padziko lathuli. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nkhalango paini (Moss ndi mabulosi abulu), ndipo avereji ya mtengo uliwonse - zaka pafupifupi 80.

A mbiri pang'ono

malo ichi monga Malo otetezedwa lokhali kale mu 1409, chaka. Ndiye, pa mpando wachifumu Polish anakhala mfumu ndi dzina la Jagiello. Iwo anali mu malo ake achinsinsi anali nkhalango izi. Zinali iye amene pa nthawi ina inaika lamulo lachifumu, chimene onse kusaka nyama zazikulu okhala m'dera la nkhalango relict, ndi koletsedwa. "Belovezhskoe chuma" anali gawo la Grand Duchy la Lithuania kuchokera chaka 1413th, ndipo mu 1795, chaka Russia adachimanga nkhalango.

"Ana njati anu ..."

Kodi mukuganiza kuti kulumikiza mawu "njati" ndi mawu akuti "nkhalango"? Ichi ndi mawu ambiri kwenikweni ofanana. Kumbukirani mawu a Nyimbo yotchuka: "ana a njati wanu sindikufuna kufa." Ndipo si ngozi. Mfumu Alexander I mu 1802, chaka lamulo lake koletsedweratu kusaka njati okhala dera la Bialowieza Forest.

Zonse mu 1802 chomwecho, chaka m'dera anakhala mbali ya m'chigawo Grodno, choyimira boma anazindikira njati. Koma osati wotchuka uyu chobisa njati malo. m'gawo lake ndi anthu ambiri nyama ndiponso zomera zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane za nyama ndi zomera za m'nkhalango.

Bialowieza Forest. Nyama ndi zomera

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera zokhala m'dera limeneli, Bialowieza Forest ndi chosasimbika ku Ulaya konse! Tangoganizani: kumeneko kukula pafupifupi 1000 mitundu ya zomera mbewu ndi mikangano mtima. Pali ndiwo anawerengedwa mitundu 260 osiyanasiyana Moss, mitundu 570 bowa ndi mitundu 300 ndere. "Bialowieza Forest" National Park - si kukuchitika wa zomera, komanso weniweni chachibadwidwe "Zoo".

Mndandanda wa zomera za malo kumaphatikizapo mitundu 60 yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, mitundu 230 ya mbalame, mitundu 11 achule (achule), 8 mitundu zapoizoni (zokwawa), mitundu 25 ya nsomba ndi ambiri invertebrates - kuposa 11000. Dziwani kuti anthu yaikulu ya moyo njati pa dera la nkhalango Bialowieza.

Pano mukhoza kupeza herbivores lalikulu ngati nswala, agwape roe, mbawala, nguluwe. nyama zimene zimadya ndi kuperekedwa mu nkhalango mimbulu, ankhandwe, yoongoka, amphaka, otters, marten, etc. Maphunziro, akatswiri ndicho, kusungabe mu Bialowieza Forest anakhalabe chosowa kwambiri ndi wapadera dera lake mtundu wa invertebrates. Zikuphatikizapo nyerere mitengo yoola kapena akufa, mu bowa mabulosi ndi invertebrates mutsogolerane fens ndi bogs.

Kamodzi dera la malo kumene kuli anthu ungulate lalikulu - ulendo. Mwatsoka, panthawi ya anthu ake kufa kwathunthu. Tours mbisoweka ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi m'zaka XVII. Maphunziro, mbiri yakale amati nyama hoofed anali yokulirapo kuposa panopa "Bialowieza" zimphona - njati. Kunena zoona, njati, nawonso, pa zobvuta kutha ... Iwo, ngati nyama zina zambiri zimene zimakhala mu malo, kodi m'gulu la International Red Book.

World cholowa

paki National amatchedwa "Bialowieza Forest" mu 1992 anali m'gulu otchedwa World Heritage List. chigamulochi a UNESCO. Komanso, ndendende patapita chaka chimodzi, paki anapindula udindo wa otchedwa Biosphere Reserve. Mu 1997 dzina la malo amene iye kupereka kwa dipuloma la Mayiko a gulu lonse European zimene zimalimbikitsa co-ntchito pakati pa mitundu yonse ku Ulaya.

Chimodzi mwa zochitika zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya malo wapadera anali ndi posachedwapa - mu 2014. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha gawo la Komiti Heritage World, ndi June 23 2014, paki-otetezedwa "Bialowieza Forest" achokera wake Chibelarusi ndi Polish anakhala limodzi World Heritage Site ndi UNESCO. Onetsetsani kukaona malo awa okongola!