La Boheme - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo ndi mbiri za chiyambi cha mawu.

Kodi mayanjano muli ndi mawu akuti "bohemia"? Ndi njira ya moyo ndi kalembedwe, dzina la opera kapena mawu akhoza uzipereke gulu lapadera la anthu? Pofuna kumvetsa bwino tanthauzo la mawu amenewa, m'pofunika kuyamba ndi kuviika pang'ono mbiri ya ...

Poyamba panali "Gypsy"

Choyamba, monga Mwachizolowezi, panali mawu ndi mawu chinali - "Gypsy". Izo zikumveka ngati kuti kumasulira kwa Mau French "boheme". Zonsezi zinayamba ndi chakuti mu Paris pa chiyambi cha XV atumwi a m'tauni Austria ndi Hungary a Bohemia anafika ndigwira sikunachitekepo French, free chisangalalo fuko la Majipise. Monga Roma ankakhala kale?

Awa anali woyendayendawu mafuko a anthu aufulu, osati adamuwumiriza ndi alipidwa nzika European frameworks mosamala mfundo za chikhalidwe ndi malamulo. Pa makhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu atsopano ndiye Parisian kuti anachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Komanso, Aromani anapatsidwa mphamvu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya luso: mwangwiro ankaimba, kuvina, anasonyeza zidule osiyana. Ambiri, sikutheka Abiti anali nawo.

Paris otchedwa eccentrics Bohemia, m'dera mutu, kumene iwo anafika, ndipo kuyambira tanthauzo ili nalonso zinabindikira mu zinenero za anthu osiyanasiyana, kusonyeza anthu a ufulu, moyo wosamukasamuka. Koma bohemia zamakono - uwu si Majipise. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani liwu limeneli tsopano?

Ankalemba Anri Myurzhe

Ndiyeno zinthu zinali motere: mu 1851 ku France anabwera mu dziko mabuku Anri Myurzhe amatchedwa "Zochitika ku Moyo wa Bohemia." Ndi zisudzo m'buku limeneli anali Roma, ndipo achinyamata ndi anthu osauka a kotala Latin: ojambula zithunzi, zisudzo ndi ndakatulo.

Izi kulenga achinyamata ngati si anakonza mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku monga fuko la Majipise, iwo amatenga udindo winawake ndipo zodyetsedwa bwino wosazindikira moyo wa bourgeoisie French. Pa dzanja limodzi - ali mbali ya anthu ntchito, koma ena - simungakhoze udzakhazikitsidwe mu chisokonezo nthawi zonse ndi anthu a wachuma.

Zotsatira potengera zolemba za Anri Myurzhe Dzhakomo Puchchini analemba za zisudzo "La Boheme", wakhala anapambana kutchuka yaikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kenako wolemba Imre Kalman, kuzika nkhani "Zithunzi Chibohemiya Moyo" linatuluka mu kuwala operetta "Violet wa Montmartre". Kuyambira tsopano, mawu akuti "bohemia" atasinthiratu.

Kutanthauzira ano mawu

Koma ngati tikukamba za tanthauzo la mawu m'masiku athu, bohemia - uwu si zoti walunthayu koma osauka ndipo sapatsidwa ojambula zithunzi opanduka. Lero, mawuwa Kawirikawiri ntchito pankhani wotchuka kwambiri, wolemera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, oimira zapadera zosiyanasiyana zinthu za luso ano.

Ndi kuti, mtundu wa anthu osankhika a anthu athu, okonza wotchuka mafashoni, oimba, zisudzo film, atsogoleri, playwrights, amisiri, olemba ndi ndakatulo. moyo wawo bohemia amalenga kwambiri miseche ndipo amakhala kubwezeretsa zonse mabuku otchuka kwambiri ndi mochititsa manyazi magazini glossy.

Russian Bohemia

Ndipo tsopano ine ndikanafuna kulankhula za lingaliro la "Russian Bohemia". wosonyeza kuti anthu a kulenga anzeru a Russian Silver Age. chilakolako chawo cha ufulu luso anali nyengo yachisanu ikupita ulimi akubwera. Nawa mayina angapo a ena oimira yowala kwambiri Russian bohemia Sergei Yesenin, Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Maximilian Voloshin, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin, Valeriy Bryusov, Vera Hlebnikova, etc ...

Mu zaka chisanadze chosintha, kunali anthu aang'ono, kufuna kuti akonze zosiyanasiyana mabungwe kulenga. Iwo anali kufunafuna njira yatsopano ya mawu ndi piously ankakhulupirira kuti zisinthe adzalenga latsopano, free munthu. Zitatero, onse a iwo ankayenera kudutsamo kukhumudwa kwambiri, monga Musanyengedwe anali zosatheka.