Chitetezo chokwanira Nonspecific: tanthauzo, njira, mfundo ndi zinthu

Chitetezo chokwanira ndi zovuta ziti zodzitetezera zimene zimapereka kuti thupi kulimbana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha wothandizila kunja. Yotsirizira Mwachitsanzo, monga mabakiteriya, poizoni, mavairasi, matupi yachilendo. Mu sayansi mitundu iwiri ya chitetezo chokwanira: enieni ndi omwe si yeniyeni. inawo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

makhalidwe General

направлен против любого антигена. chitetezo chokwanira titadziwa ukuperekedwa Antigen iliyonse. Chamoyo malowedwe a nkhani yachilendo imapanga ayankhe chokwanira. Zimene zingakhale humoral kapena ma mlingo. Mbali yoyamba ayankhe ndi kwaiye kubala mankhwala antibacterial. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. chitetezo chokwanira Non-zenizeni ma umathandiza adani a nkhani yachilendo ndi zotsatira cytotoxic.

zinthu

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. zinthu Non-zenizeni chitetezo (chitetezo chokwanira) ndi kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a zopinga anatomical, mamolekyulu secretory ndi mbali zina. Zoyambazo monga zigawo zaminyewa wa mucous, khungu, kusinthasintha bronchopulmonary cilia ndi kuchepetsa matumbo. считается врожденным. mtundu Non-enieni a chitetezo chokwanira imatengedwa titadziwa.

nyumba mawotchi

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. zinthu thupi la chitetezo chokwanira si yeniyeni selo nkhoswe kupanga zopinga zosiyanasiyana wothandizila yachilendo. Monga mmodzi wa zopinga yabwino kwambiri ndi zaminyewa pamwamba. zotchinga izi ndi pafupifupi Anachita ambiri wothandizila lapansi. Vuto loyamba ndi khungu. Desquamation (khungu) epithelium kumalimbikitsa kuchotsa mabakiteriya ndipo matupi ena opatsirana. peristalsis matumbo, ciliary gulu kupereka amasulidwe dongosolo kupuma ndi kapepala m'mimba mwa tizilombo. Malovu ndi misozi, kutsuka mkamwa ndi maso, zimathandiza kuti kuteteza matenda. Komanso amatiteteza ndi airway mucosa ndi kapepala m'mimba.

mankhwala

chitetezo chokwanira Non-zenizeni amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ofunika amakhala mankhwala mankhwala anapanga pa nthumwi malowedwe. Motero, kukula kwa bakiteriya mochedwa mchikakamizo cha zidulo thukuta mafuta. Kusokoneza zotsatira pa Kakhungu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi phospholipase ndi lysozyme pano mu secretions m'mphuno, misozi ndi malovu. kukula bakiteriya kubweza ndi pH otsika secretions muzituluka ndi thukuta. Adzalandira ntchito antimicrobial wa otsika mapuloteni kulemera maselo (defensins) alipo thirakiti m'mimba ndi mapapo. The zomera wabwinobwino wa khungu ndi kapepala kakuti m'mimba ndi kuteteza kulamulira wa wothandizila tizilombo ndi m'badwo wa mankhwala poizoni kapena kupikisana ndi mabakiteriya chifukwa ubwenzi pamwamba kapena zakudya.

chitetezo chokwanira Nonspecific: mlingo humoral

Ndithudi, zopinga anatomical kuteteza kulamulira kwa kali ndi wothandizila tizilombo ndi othandiza kwambiri. Komabe, vuto la zopinga kuwonongeka linaphwanya. Zimenezi zimathandiza mankhwala zoipa kulowa m'thupi. Zikatero, chitetezo chokwanira si yeniyeni ndi adamulowetsa mu msinkhu humoral. zanyengo alipo mu seramu kapena kudziunjikira pa malo a matenda kutanthauzira.

dongosolo

Pamene ozama mu thupi la wothandizira tizilombo adamulowetsa njira zodzitetezera. Monga mmodzi wa iwo amachita monga dongosolo womuyenerera. kutsegula ake limodzi ndi anthu kutengapo mbali wa phagocytes, lysosomes, kuwonjezeka permeability mtima. limagwirira wina ndi dongosolo coagulation. Iwo adamulowetsa malingana ndi kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka minofu. Ena machitidwe kupereka mankhwala Poyankha nonspecific zoteteza ndi kuwonjezeka mtima permeability. Iwo amachita chemoattractants - zinthu zomwe, kujowina wothandizira, imfayo m'gulu lawo. Komanso, mankhwala ena zimakhudzanso antimicrobial. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, zikuphatikizapo beta-lysine. mapuloteni Izi opangidwa ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana pa clotting. Iye lyse ambiri mabakiteriya galamu HIV. Transferrin ndi Lactoferrin kumumanga chitsulo koyenera kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuchepetsa kukula. Interferon angathe kuchepetsa tizilombo ta tizilombo. Lysozyme ndi kuwononga nembanemba mabakiteriya.

Maselo chitetezo chokwanira nonspecific

Part mmene matenda amakonda anthu kutengapo mbali wa eosinophils polymorphonuclear, neutrophils, macrophages. Amapita ku malo a kutanthauzira mabakiteriya. Maselo amenewa amaonedwa kukhala chitetezo chachikulu cha chitetezo chokwanira si yeniyeni. Neutrophils - leukocytes polymorphonuclear wotumidwa kwa malo a matenda ndi adani mabakiteriya. maselo mthupi angathe kuwononga iwo intracellularly kapena kusuntha mumsampha extracellular. Komanso, neutrophils zimakhudzidwa minofu kukonza pambuyo Kupha matenda.

macrophages

Zimenezi zimathandiza komanso angathe phagocytose (adani) maselo tizilombo mbaavunga. Decontamination wothandizila akupangidwa ku mlingo okhudza maselo ambiri. Macrophages likhale ndi makhalidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi luso extracellular (extracellular) chiwonongeko. Kuwonjezera nyengo nawo minofu kukonzanso.

Komanso

Kuwonjezera maselo pamwamba m'dziko si yeniyeni m'thupi muli zachilengedwe ndi lymphokine-adamulowetsa maselo wakupha. Zinthu zimene angathe kupha chotupa nthumwi za matenda. maselo wakupha sali gawo mmene yotupa. Komabe, chitetezo chokwanira si yeniyeni, iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri. Enanso mwa dongosolo eosinophils lapansi. Mapuloteni granules awo polimbana angapo majeremusi.

kutupa

Ntchito yaikulu ya linachepa akutumikira kulekana kwa zamoyo tizilombo ndi poizoni zawo zimakhala walowerera, ndi chiwonongeko awo. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko yotupa ndi histamine, serotonin ndi zina zigawo zikuluzikulu biologically yogwira. Amathandiza kuti kuchuluka permeability capillary, kulola chitukuko cha edema. Masiku ano madzi mu wothandizila kudzikundikira malo ndi neutrophils, macrophages, oteteza, womuyenerera. Iwo amapereka neutralization mabakiteriya ndi poizoni awo. M'dera la kutupa cholinga phagocytes. Iwo ndi mtundu wa chotchinga chimene kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda. Komanso ayamba kudziunjikira fibrinogen. Kutembenukira ku Ulimbo, lili clotting ziwiya ka magazi ndi lymph. Izi amalenga zikulepheretsa kuti kufala kwa matenda ndi iwo. The foci yotupa chakhungu kotunga magazi. Potero ziziyamba kuchulukana mankhwala asidi wa kagayidwe, ndi kuchepetsedwa pH. Iwo limakhudza anthu kukula ndi kubereka tizilombo.