Chobvunda mankhwala: gulu, zimaonetsa yosungirako ndi zogulitsa

M'gulu la zakudya chobvunda ndi amene amafunika zinthu wapadera yosungirako, kayendedwe ndi malonda. Kodi mankhwala chimatha, momwe kusunga ndi kunyamula iwo, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

alumali moyo pa ma CD ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi nthawi imeneyi imene lofotokozabe katundu onse a mankhwala. Mwachidule, ndi zochepa nthawi ya ntchito katundu. Iye anakhala alendo, pamene tsiku loyamba pa chizindikiro limasonyeza kupanga mankhwala, ndipo chachiwiri - pa tsiku atapita kapena tsiku kenako mankhwala ndi irreversibly amasintha katundu wake ndipo osayenera kudya.

Gawo ndi tsiku lotha

Pa mfundo imeneyi mankhwala onse anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Makamaka perishables - awa ndi mankhwala sangathe waikamo mu malo kumene sagwirizana ndi kutentha otsika. Awo alumali moyo yochepa. mankhwala amenewa akhoza kusungidwa kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi makumi asanu ndi awiri.

• Chobvunda mankhwala - ndi alumali moyo wa masiku atatu makumi atatu pa kutentha pamwamba kuposa madigiri asanu.

• Non-chobvunda - mankhwala akhoza kusungidwa popanda kusunga kutentha mwezi kapena kuposerapo. Pamene kusungidwa udzayesedwa dzuwa pa katundu ndi chinyezi.

Kodi zakudya amatchedwa chobvunda?

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo malonda yosungirako zinthu zimenezi ulamuliro wapadera kutentha. Kuzindikira ayenera kukhala mu nthawi yochepa. Zinthu ndi mawu a zinthu zosiyanasiyana amasiyana.

zakudya chobvunda monga:

• Tchizi, mkaka yakeyi, kanyumba tchizi ndi kutentha mankhwala. Alumali moyo wopanda masiku opitirira asanu.
• A chisakanizo cha mkaka ndi soseji yophika mu phukusi womata. Iwo akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku khumi.

Kodi mankhwala kwambiri chosakhalitsa?

Iwo zasungidwa okha zinthu ndi kutentha otsika. Makamaka mankhwala chobvunda ndi:

• mkaka zakudya organic - angathe kusunga maola makumi asanu. Ngati yonama njira ikukhudza Kuwonjezera mchere; kutetezera ndi ma CD zingalowe, moyo wawo alumali ndi anawonjezera.
• Nsomba utakhazikika - maola makumi awiri anayi malinga kutentha kwa ziro digiri opanda awiri.
• Nyama malonda - osati maola oposa forte-eyiti.
• Atapanga nsomba - pa kutentha mofanana utakhazikika, koma tsiku lothera ake ndi maola forte-eyiti.
• Saladi atavala - maola khumi ndi ziwiri.
• Chotupitsa - maola khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, makeke - mpaka makumi awiri.

Yosungirako mu mufiriji

Kupulumutsa pa mankhwala yaitali, iwo ayenera zii. M'firiji cholinga nsomba kasungidwe, nyama, zipatso mazira, masamba, zipatso ndi bowa. Koma iwo kusungidwa mpaka kalekale, ntchito malekezero chomwecho yaitali.

Komabe, kusunga mankhwala chobvunda kuti icho chinali chatsopano ndipo zokonzekera mowa ngati nkotheka. Kuchita zimenezi, tiyeni tione zimene mungachite:

• Zamgululi ayenera hermetically mmatumba. Chifukwa chaichi, muli wapadera oyenera kuzizira. Ndi wosavuta kugula ku sitolo poganizira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.

• Zina zizichitidwa ngati kuti zokwanira kamodzi. Ndi kosatheka kwa nthawi defrost ndi mankhwala kukonzanso amaundana, makamaka nyama kapena masamba.

• Aliyense amafunika chobvunda awonetse, kusonyeza tsiku malo ake mu kamera. M'pofunika kudya mankhwala palibe pasanafike miyezi iwiri kapena itatu pambuyo kuzizira. Wautali yosungiramo nthawi sikuloledwa.

Alumali moyo katundu chobvunda

Pakuti mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya zosiyana. Kodi alumali moyo katundu chobvunda mu mufiriji?

• mankhwala soseji ndi sauces amavomereza kasungidwe zosaposa miyezi iwiri;
• nyama yaiwisi mawonekedwe mazira akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, chaka lonse;
• nyama ndi nkhuku, nkumukhapha zidutswa - miyezi isanu ndi inayi;
• theka-yomalizidwa mankhwala, nsomba ndi nyama minced - miyezi inayi.

mankhwala munthu pambuyo thawing kutaya flavoring awo khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mkaka ndi mankhwala, monga batala, tchizi, kirimu wowawasa, nayenso mazira, koma khalidwe la kukoma awo amasintha choyipa. Ngati mankhwala nthawi yosungirako zapita, ndipo fungo lawo, kukoma kapena maonekedwe pambuyo thawing chikaiko, ndi bwino kulitaya.

Alumali moyo katundu mu firiji

Mtundu wa chipangizo chamagetsi kunyumba lakonzedwa zokulitsa alumali moyo katundu ndi kutsitsimuka kwa nthawi yochepa. Amene mankhwala chimatha kusungidwa mu firiji? Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Nyama, masoseji, kusuta, mkaka, kirimu mkaka - masiku atatu;
• Yophika soseji, yokazinga nsomba ndi chilled - masiku awiri;
• sanavale chovala saladi - thwelofu koloko;
• amakonzera chakudya anapanga masamba - zina tsiku.

Pastry wodzazidwa ndi mapuloteni kirimu kapena zipatso ziyenera kusungidwa salinso kuposa masiku atatu; wa mafuta - theka tsiku; custard - maola sikisi.

Zikhalidwe za kusungiramo mankhwala kuwonongeka, ngakhale mu firiji, osiyana. Chonde kusunga chisindikizo wazolongedza. Chifukwa chaichi, muli, zojambulazo kapena pepala. Osavomerezeka chifukwa matumba polyethylene.

Kusungiramo mankhwala chobvunda chimadalira pa malo a maalumali mu firiji. The pafupi ndi mufiriji, yozizira pa izo. Malo otchulidwa amaonedwa maalumali chitseko. Zamgululi ndi moyo m'munsi alumali aikidwa pa alumali pamwamba, ndi zina - poona kukula alumali moyo. The otungira m'munsi anapangidwa kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, iwo popanda okutira.

Kodi mungadzitetezere ku ntchito mankhwala zabwino?

Pogula mankhwala zakudya ayenera kulabadira tsiku atapita kusindikizidwa pa chizindikiro.

A ochepa nsonga kwa amasokoneza:

• Kugula mankhwala chobvunda pa msika akhale m'mawa mpaka kusungunuka.
• Kugula katundu pa sitolo, muyenera kuyendera chizindikiro kwa khungu lake. Ngati pali kuda zomatira, ndiye katundu peremarkirovyvali, monga moyo alumali watha ntchito. mankhwala otere safuna kugula.
• Kodi mankhwala aliwonse fungo loipa, izo tatha, sayenera kugula.
• Pamene anthufe unpacked, moyo alumali yafupika. Choncho ndi bwino kudya yomweyo kapena mu firiji kwa nthawi yochepa mwachindunji pa chizindikiro.
• Ngati pali kukayika kulikonse za khalidwe la mankhwala, ndi bwino kugula izo.
• Ngati n'kotheka, konzani mankhwala a processing matenthedwe.

Transport katundu chobvunda

Pamaso poyesa kunyamula ichi gulu mankhwala, muyenera kudziwa iwo ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zimene. chobvunda mankhwala Ndi chiyambi osiyana:

• masamba - gulu ili monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
• nyama - nsomba, nyama ndi mkaka;
• awo ndi-mankhwala - mkaka, masoseji, mafuta.

Malinga akafuna mayendedwe:

• Achisanu - ndi ophimba amachitidwa pa -6 ^{° C;}
• Yozizira - mankhwala ndi kuwapititsa pa kutentha -5 ^C.

Pakuti mayendedwe a katundu chobvunda ntchito modes osiyana zoyendera, koma aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala kutentha wina. Apadera magalimoto amalimata - magalimoto kapena wopanda ngolo. Makoma a thupi, chitseko, denga, pansi anapanga ndi chimateteza zipangizo kuti kuti kuchepetsa kutentha kutengerapo pakati pamalo awiri a kunja ndi mkati. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Cars-oundana, gwero la ayezi ozizira amene analengedwa achilengedwe.
• Firiji magalimoto - ndi refrigeration wagawo kukhalabe kutentha mu mode anapatsidwa.
• Road sitima, thupi zomwe yagawidwa m'magawo ndipo akukonzani mayunitsi refrigeration. Ali microprocessors zimene basi zikusintha kutentha.

Aliyense galimoto amafunika ukhondo, umene khoma mkati mwa thupi ndi amenable mankhwala ❖ kuyanika. disinfection ake ikuchitika osachepera kamodzi mu masiku khumi.

chodetsa

Pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mayina mankhwala. Aliyense ali ndi ma CD yake kuika zizindikiro. Izi zikusonyeza yaitali bwanji kuti agwirizane mankhwala. Pa ma CD zakudya chobvunda makamaka ntchito kwa tsiku zonse kupanga nthawi, tsiku, mwezi. Kulemba katundu chobvunda zikuphatikizapo yekha mwezi ndi tsiku. mankhwala Non-chobvunda amalembedwa yekha mwezi ndi chaka kupanga.

Pa phukusi ayenera anasonyeza zokhudza zinthu yosungirako. The ma CD chiyenera sadzathyoledwa, zauve, ndi umboni wosatsutsika wakuti tsiku lothera kapena tsiku kupanga.