Colombia - mtsinje wa kufunika. Ali Colombia (mtsinje)? Katundu wa madzi

Colombia - mtsinje, ili mu North America, mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo m'dzikoli. m'litali ndi za 2 zikwi makilomita. Wasefukira kudzera Washington, Oregon ndi British Columbia. Mphamvu makamaka glacial; chosakhalitsa ziliri pa chikhalidwe. Full-mtsinje wa madzi othamanga ndi okwera kusintha kupereka zinthu zabwino kwa magetsi. Ndi m'madera amenewa kubala magetsi efficiently.

Inflows

Colombia - mtsinje wa mitundu asanu, amene ali oposa 50 makhwawa.

• Yaikulu ya iwo - na nyoka. Iye anamanga madamu ambiri. Woyamba anali Grand Coulee, Rock Island. Choona chidwi n'chakuti pa confluence la Mtsinje Nyoka ndi wautali kwambiri n'zimene zimathandiza kuti mutuwo kwambiri nsomba makampani. M'dera la beseni ake pa mfundo iyi kuposa onse kukula kwa Columbia mtsinje.
• Uillamentt. Mmodzi wa makhwawa waukulu. Yaikulu mtsinje mu United States: chimakwirira 301 Km. Umayenda, kuphimba gawo lonse la State wa Oregon, kugwa Mountains, Coast osiyanasiyana. Pa confluence wa Columbia linamangidwa mu Portland - mzinda waukulu.

• Kootenay. Izo zikuchitika mu British Columbia, Idaho ndi Montana. Nkofunika monga tributary la mtsinje. m'litali ndi zoposa pang'ono 700 Km. gwero lili Biverfute (lokwera) akutsatiridwa ndi madzi kodi bwalo likuyenderera mu East Columbia, United States, ndi kubwerera ku Canada. Mphamvu yopezeka oundana a.

• Nyanja Pend Oreille. Wachitatu waukulu tributary la mtsinje. Umayenda kumpoto Idaho, kumpoto chakum'mawa Washington ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa British Columbia. Utali Panda Orey ndi 209 okha Km. Iwo zimachokera ku Montana. Malo okwana beseni ndi 66 zikwi makilomita (ndi Hatchi onse).

kumwa madzi

Kumwa madzi Colombia - mtsinje, amene ali malo chachinayi pakati mitsempha madzi US. Ngati tikulingalira otaya, ndi mtsogoleri mtheradi mwa mitsinje North America madzi omwe amatuluka mu Pacific Ocean. Pa poti adjoin America ndi Canada, madzi kutuluka ukufika 2700 m / s. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi (1894), chithunzi ichi ndi m'chigawo cha Te Dulce chinawonjezeka ndi zikwi zingapo - 35 000 m / s. Kale m'zaka za m'ma XX (1968), kumwa madzi wakhala kwambiri yafupika - 340 m / s.

kusamuka nsomba

Popeza kuti, ali Colombia, mtsinje wolemera nsomba, kukwera kuchokera m'nyanja. oimira ambiri a mitundu m'madzi, monga salmonids (utawaleza mumapezeka nsomba, chinook, coho). Nthawi zambiri, anthu oitanidwa ndi Nsombazi kuti kusambira m'madzi zimenezi maulendo angapo pa moyo wake. Pambuyo 1867 anayamba kumanga mafakitale, nsomba anthu ali utachepa kwambiri. Motero, lamulo zapita loletsa usodzi Trolling.

Makamaka pa kusamuka nsomba bwanji anamanga madamu ndi levees, amene, tisaiwale, wolemera kwambiri DC. Mtsinje chifukwa ali ndi azimuth ofooka m'madera ena. Izi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mwachangu mu mtsinje amadzimadzi. Poyamba, ulendo wawo ku nyanja anatenga milungu palibe zoposa zitatu mu mtsinje, koma tsopano chithunzi ichi chawonjezeka kawiri konse. kusintha zosatha kwambiri kuchuluka chiopsezo cha imfa, imbaenda kutha. Mu malire chapamwamba kwa mtsinje anthu mitundu ina ya nsomba kuti sadzamva pansi pa nyanja ndipo sangathe gawo lina la madzi chifukwa madamu a. Izi kwambiri amachepetsa kukula kwa anthu awo.

Pali mtundu winawake wa nsomba, oimira amene angathe kukhala pansi kutentha zonse ndi pang'onopang'ono otaya. Makamaka iwo kudya nsomba mwachangu. Icho ndi chimene chinachititsa makonsolo kutengera lamulo Kukwezeleza zinyama nsomba.

zachilengedwe

Colombia - mtsinje, chimene chili chosatsuka ndithu. Kuwonjezera nyukiliya zinyalala m'menemo kugwa ndi zina zinthu zoipa ndi mankhwala, makamaka Arsenic, mankhwala biphenyls, mabakiteriya. Chifukwa cha kuipa kwa malo mu dziwe ndi nsomba mtsinje zimapezeka ndi zambiri poizoni. Zimenezi zimakhudza chiwerengero cha nyama za m'madzi ndipo kumathandiza kutha kwa mitundu, komanso amawononga thanzi la munthu amene amagwiritsa iwo. Amene nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito kusintha khalidwe madzi ndi kubwezeretsa bwino zachilengedwe.

Malinga ndi Columbia mtsinje hydropower (chithunzi nkhani zosiyanasiyana m'nkhani) ndi lili pa nambala yoyamba mu US ndi Canada. Linamangidwa 14 zomera hydropower. Iwo akhala ankadziwikanso kuti pa chigumula, kuthira pa mtunda wautali, izo zimabwerera m'dera lonse loyandikira.

Kusintha kwambiri zinapangidwa kuti Roosevelt, pulezidenti wa dziko. Iye anasintha pakamwa, anayamba ntchito yomanga damu pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Pambuyo pomanga ake madzi ananyamuka ndi oposa 100 m. N'zotheka kulenga mgodi.