Dongosolo basi

Basi dongosolo lakonzedwa kukhazikitsa purosesa kulankhulana zipangizo kunja mu kompyuta mwa zipangizo wapadera ulamuliro - adaputala azamagetsi kapena opha. Onse atsopano olumikizidwa kwa basi dongosolo mwa zolumikizira muyezo. Matayala zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malingana ndi ntchito zawo: adiresi, deta ndi ulamuliro, amene ali osiyana mawu m'litali, mwachitsanzo chiwerengero deta kudutsa iwo. Mtundu chipangizo makamaka anatsimikiza ndi liwiro PC.

Dongosolo basi umagwira ntchito zotsatirazi kutsata mfundo zikuluzikulu: MCA, YES, VESA, Yesu azachita, PCI. Kwa nthawi yaitali basi YES akuti ndi muyezo winawake m'munda wa makompyuta. Zakhala anayamba pamaziko a eyiti-bit dongosolo basi ndi IBM pa PC XT ndi IBM PC. Iwo anapatsidwa mizere eyiti usokoneze kwa interfacing ndi zipangizo zakunja komanso mizere anayi kulumikiza kukumbukira mwachindunji.

Ntchito dongosolo basi ndi microprocessor akuyendera pa pafupipafupi 4,77 MHz. A liwiro kufala deta zikhoza kukhala za 4.5 MB pa mphindi. Mu m'badwo wotsatira wa makompyuta lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito hexadecimal basi, zomwe ndi chifukwa 24 mizere adiresi analola kuti achite apilo mwachindunji kuti RAM, pamene kukula kwake ndi 16 MB.

Mu hardware izi sikisitini basi kaye icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo eyiti, pamene anthu njira kwa mwachindunji mwayi mfundo kale nakhala eyiti m'malo anayi. Tsopano basi ukugwira asynchronously kwa microprocessor pa pafupipafupi 6 MHz, ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kuonjezera HIV liwiro la ku 16MB pa mphindi. Tsopano iye anapereka mwayi ntchito ndi zipangizo otsika liwiro, koma sanathe kupereka kugwira ntchito kothandiza zipangizo zamakono. Iwo mukopedwe kwa kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya dongosolo mabasi.

Mu 1987 izo anayambitsa dongosolo basi YES, omwe anakhala woyamba mkulu-ntchito. Zinali zosiyana mu liwiro lake linali 10 MHz ndipo basi wasanduka ndi 32-bit, amene adakula mtokoma kuti 20 MB pa mphindi. Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu zosagwirizana tayala ndi sikunali kotheka kuti ntchito Mtsogoleri kwa YES basi, chifukwa cha zomwe zomangamanga si anapeza ntchito yaikulu.

Dongosolo basi Yesu azachita anayamba kupanga mu 1989, zinadziwika kuti Baibulo yaitali YES. Timatha inu amaika zolumikizira osati opha awo, komanso anthu a YES. Zinayenda ndi pafupipafupi 8-10 MHz, pamene mphamvu ndi 32, kulola mwachindunji 4 GB, kukwaniritsa mfundo kusinthitsa ndalama Mbytes 33 pa mphindi. A sangathe a basiyi ndi mlingo wochepa wa nzeru zambiri mu processing wa zithunzi, zithunzi, mtengo ndi mkulu wa anthu opha.

The PCI basi udaikidwa atsopano purosesa Pentium, koma Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa nsanja zina. Timatha inu kulumikiza nokha zipangizo khumi. basiyi ntchito deta kusamutsa 32 kapena 64, ndi kufala liwiro anali 132 ndi 264 MB pa mphindi.

Tsopano matabwa dongosolo olumikiza zipangizo zina kudzera basi AGP, amene amalola ndi zithunzi khadi ntchito RAM PC. Iye anali wokhoza kuthana ndi zithunzi amakono, amene ayenera kulimbikitsa polojekiti pa liwiro mkulu, kodi zovuta kusamalira PCI. Pamene ntchito PCI anagwira zosayenera kuonjezera kukumbukira pa kanema chifukwa cha zochepa liwiro basi bandiwifi. Pafupipafupi AGP dongosolo basi amalola nzeru zambiri pakati pa dongosolo kukumbukira ndi kanema kukumbukira mwachindunji, amene sakhoza zimatheka pamene ntchito mfundo zina zipangizo izi.