Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": mwachidule ndi munkhaniyi

Masiku ano nashtampovat ndi uninteresting mndandanda wa mabuku za anthu otchulidwa ayamba kubwerera ku otchulidwa tingachipeze powerenga ndi nkhani za iwo: Dumas - "The Musketeers atatu" Conan Doyle - "Sherlock Holmes", Cooper - "Pathfinder". Chidule cha ulendo ife kumbukirani Moyo uliwonse. Ichi ndi chenicheni zolembalemba diamondi. Ndipotu n'kovuta mofanana chidwi kulemba nkhani, pamene kusunga kalembedwe ndi mitu, kusunga owerenga ndi kum'kakamiza kuti abwerere mndandanda woyamba wa mabuku mwatsatanetsatane.

Amene amadziwa Chingachgook

Imodzi mwa mkombero zodabwitsa za nkhani za Amwenye analemba Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Pathfinder, kapena m'mphepete mwa Ontario" - tawerenga kupitiriza mabuku kale lofalitsidwa. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 1940 ndipo pomwepo anapambana mitima owerenga ambiri, kudzakomananso ndi makhalidwe mumaikonda. Izi mlenje wolimba Nataniel Bampo ndi mnzake wokhulupirika Chingachgook wofiira - ngwazi za m'mbuyomo mabuku awiri, "Deerslayer" ndi "The Last wa Mohicans."

Ife anamva kuti ngwazi wokondedwa, amene analemba Cooper, Ranger. Makhalidwe yaikulu ya buku lachitatu - anyamata ndi wokongola Mabel Dunham, ndi wolimba panyanja Charles Kep, dzina "Salt madzi", achinyamata ndi zoopsa Dzhasper Uestern, amene captivates kuphweka ndi kulunjika. Komanso, pali awiri latsopano Indian khalidwe: wankhondo smashing Mivi Yanu ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono Rosa The June.

Zodabwitsa chikhalidwe - maziko a kudzoza

buku la amayikidwa mu 1759 pa nkhanza wamagazi French ndi Indian nkhondo pa gombe la nyanja Ontario. Ichi ndi komwe ankakhala ndi kumenyana Ranger; Cooper ndemanga mobwerezabwereza anamva za kukongola zidzasintha gawolo Indian. Makamaka wolemba wamng'ono, popeza anaponyedwa maphunziro ake ku University Yale nalowa utumiki mu apanyanja, analandira udindo wake woyamba anali mu malo awa. Choncho, pa chilengedwe cha ambiri a mabuku nyanja powonekera wakhala limakhala nkhani yake.

Zimene limatiuza Cooper? "Pathfinder", mwachidule zomwe Zikuoneka kuti akhoza anasamutsa mu mawu ochepa, izo imagwira kwambiri. Choncho, mu 1759, dziko aphimbidwa ndi nkhondo yoopsayo. Osati moyo ndi imfa nkhondo asilikali Indian ndi zonse French asilikali. Popeza nkhondoyo makamaka m'nkhalango, kuyenda mwa iwo ndi owopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale mailosi pang'ono mu mtima wa m'nkhalango nkhalango akhoza ndalama moyo wa munthu wapaulendo wolimba.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

ndi Zopatsa anafotokoza mu buku lachitatu, Cooper chiyani? "Pathfinder", chidule cha amene ayenera kuyamba retell zimene naintini American Mabel Dunham akufuna kupita ku Nyanja Ontario, kumene linga ndi bambo ake, limasonyeza zovuta ubale pakati pa British, French ndi Indian. Mu zovuta ndi zoopsa ulendo Mkazi Amene silipita Amalume Charles - akale yapamadzi opha Amwenye dzina lakuti "Salt madzi". Koma unexplored nkhalango misewu, kotero monga nthumwi za Mabel ndi zaka nkhandwe nyanja ndi Indian angapo - Wankhondo Tuscarora smashing Boom ndi mkazi wake Rose The June, otchedwa chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kudekha. Konzani kumuwombera akapita paulendo ...

Pamsonkhano wina ndi liziwawa St. John

Posakhalitsa, msaki achinyamata fungo utsi kuchokera pa moto. Kulamula makina tileke smashing Mivi Yanu mosamala akusuzumira m'nkhalango zowirira. Patapita mphindi zochepa chidwi, iye akusimba kuti kuchipatala cha tiganizira awo. Iwo wiritsani pansi ku chakuti mtundu wa moto akhoza azinyadira yekha woyera munthu. Amwenye kuchita mosiyana ndi bwino khalidwe mawu a masking utsi. Pambuyo akulu lalifupi asilikali anaganiza tumiza anthu kufufuza. Komabe, Mabel satsutsa dongosolo, kuti nawonso akufuna kutenga gawo mwachindunji outing lapansi. Ife kukangana yaitali ndipo anaganiza pamodzi kukumana ndi zoopsa. Ndicho chimene zikutibweretsa ife ku msonkhano woyamba ndi ngwazi akale F. Cooper. Ranger si obisika ndipo sanabise - iye modekha akulengeza pamaso ake.

Chenjezo zitengere kwa utsi gwero, apaulendo anaona kudula ang'onoang'ono akutumikira malo zinaloŵetsa pansi amuna atatu - awiri woyera ndi munthu mmodzi wofiira. Pofuna kupewa mokwiya mosayenera bwenzi Tumizani Mabel. Ndipotu palibe Mkhristu wabwino kuwombera pa mkazi. Kumene, anthu musaganizepo kuti akathyole zida zawo. Indian powumbidwa iye anayang'ana pa Mabel ndi modekha anabwerera ku chakudya.

Kwa msungwana panayima munthu pafupifupi makumi anai, amene pa koyamba ngati mtsikana. Ngakhale kuti mu maloto iye sikukutanthauza wankhondo wangwiro, munthu uyu anali kotereku wachikoka omasukirana, kotero okoma mtima komanso kupewa munthu kuti yomweyo anapambana kum'khulupirira Mabel. Nthawi yomweyo anatsimikizira mtsikana chitetezo chokwanira cha zolinga zawo ndi anayambitsa yekha - liziwawa St. John (kotero, ngakhale, naitana trilogy wake Fenimor Kuper "Ranger ...").

Pa pempho la atate wake

Kuona anadabwa kuona munthu wamng'ono, Deerslayer anafotokoza kuti iye anapatsidwa dzina lakuti Indians cha luso lawo kuzindikira zizindikiro chinsinsi cha chilengedwe. Koma Mabel anadabwa pa dzina zachilendo a munthu uyu. Mayiyo kalata bambo ake, omwe anali atatsala pang'ono oyendayenda. Iwo odziwa anga otchulidwa anali munthu ndi dzina lakuti, amene pa pempho lake, anali ndi limodzi mtsikana nkhalango oopsa. Ndipo msonkhano uno kwachitika.

liziwawa St. John, azungu anayambitsa anzake, iwo anali Indian mkulu Chingachgook dzina njoka Great ndi luso yapamadzi Dzhasper Uestern. A detachment ka Mabel kwambiri kumatheka olimbana atatu odziwa, anapita pa njira yake.

msewu woopsa

Lowopsya picturesquely analongosola Wongosangalatsa Cooper. "Pathfinder", mwachidule retelling amene zikugwirizanira sentensi imodzi, zonse zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa. Osati kamodzi, osati kawiri Mabel ndi anzake kuika miyoyo yawo. Anawoloka mtsinje oopsa, m'nkhalango dama nkhalango, kupewa msampha kuchenjerera anapereka Amwenye. Ndipo potsiriza, maso ndi maso ndi zigawenga American Indian fuko - ndi Iroquois.

Koma nthawi zonse kupulumutsa, ndithudi, ine kubwera Nataniel Bampo. Umo ndi momwe mu dziko ankatchedwa liziwawa St. Yohane. Zikomo wolimba mtima ndi khama chidziwitso cha madera ozungulira ndi abwenzi Mabel akhoza kufika English linga on Lake Ontario.

Roma - chithunzithunzi cha zinthu zenizeni

Komabe, pa kufika pa m'linga, apaulendo athu mu mavuto aakulu. Mofanana ndi zonse makhazikitsidwe kutali asilikali amene alibe kukhudzana pafupipafupi ndi dzikoli, mu mpanda, kapena chokhudza kani, asilikali ake anali poyera komanso kusowa aone chilango. Silidamzindikire F. Cooper: "Pathfinder" limafotokoza nkhani ya chodabwitsa ndi ayi yosowa ndi akuwuka chifukwa chosowa cha anthu.

Ndi mu tangle ngati ukonde namkondweretsa Mabel ndi anzake. Kwenikweni kwa maola loyamba kukhala lanu mu linga Mabel mkulu detachment amaganiziridwa mkulu wake Western woukira boma, akumunena akazitape. Old Sergeant Dunham poyamba ankakayikira zoti mawu a bwana ake, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusintha maganizo, ku nkhawa ndi panyanja woonamtima ndi kukayikirana.

Komanso, iye atanganidwa ndi lingaliro kuti wofu- mwana wamkazi kuti akwatire Natty Bumppo ake. Malinga ndi iye, munthu uyu azitha chimwemwe Mabel. Panthawiyi iye sadziwa za mapulani a bambo ake. Sergeant kwambiri cholinga Deerslayer ankaganiza kuti Mabel wakudya mumtima chinsinsi ndi woyera kwa iye. St. John wa kumbuyo Yankho poyamba amakayikira kuti ndemanga bwenzi lakale. moyo wake wakhala pang'ono femme fatales, atakomana ndi amene Bumpo anapereka ndekha lonjezo salinso kulola mtima wake kugwa m'chikondi.

Ranger ndi akazi

ubwenzi zovuta ndi akazi Hypericum anafotokoza mu mabuku oyamba a Cooper. Ranger, chidule cha nkhani chikondi kuti akhoza anadutsa mawu "Kalanga", wakonda kukhala omasuka ndi omangidwa mwa ukwati. Mu nkhani yapita tikulankhula za ubwenzi izo Dzhudit Harter - Yoyandama Pamadzi mwana Tom; ndi achinyamata Alice Monroe, amene analinso imprudence maganizo chofuna kuti chitsulo Deerslayer. Ndiye Nathaniel anayima. Mwamwayi Ndimakonda akazi moyo wopanda chikhalidwe ndi anzathu okhulupirika.

Koma ngati amadza Dunhema zinali zofunika kwambiri, kapena kutopa kusungulumwa, ndi St. John, mu mapeto, kugwa m'chikondi ndi Mabel. Kulimba mtima ndi masekeli ake chidwi, iye ankaganiza mwayi izo opambana dona wamng'ono mu malingaliro anu ndipo amapereka dzanja lake ndi mtima. Chodzikanira Mabel zinandipweteka kwambiri kwa cholinga makumi anayi msaki. Chimodzimodzi pakati nkhani yachikondi Dzheyms Kuper. Ranger anali kwambiri kudabwa Mabel chikondi anali wodzipereka ubwanawe.

The French ndi sindikugona

Nthawiyi, pa malo nkuyamba kupanga zinthu zoipa kwambiri. Kukwapula Mivi Yanu, ndi Indian amene anatsagana Mabel bambo ake, anatembenuka ndi zaka French kazitape. ntchito yake kudutsa mu dera la linga ndi lipoti malangizo pa nambala ndi mphamvu ya asilikali ake eni.

Pa dzanja limodzi, kukhudzana izi anachotsa kukayikirana ndi kapitao Western. Koma ena - okhala linga anazindikira kuti mdani Kodi kugona ndi wokonzeka kuukira. Posachedwa Nyumbayi kakusintha wamphamvu nkhondo ya anagwirizana asilikali a ku France, amene anali kudana chifukwa cha kulimba mtima wa liziwawa St. John ndi makina ake.

lonjezano bambo ake

Mwatsoka, nkhondo anali womaliza pa Sgt Dunhema akale, anali wovulala. Akufa pa manja a mwana wake, iye amatenga lonjezo lake - yekha kukwatira Natty Bumppo. Wokaika Mabel malumbiro kukwaniritsa zofuna lotsiriza la pankhondo akale. liziwawa St. John ndi chimwemwe alandira chilolezo cha mtsikana kukhala mkazi wake. Pang'onopang'ono izo akadziwa kuti Mabel kuchita izo internally. Kuphunzira za lumbiro, Nathaniel amamasula dona wamng'ono kwa iye. Ndipotu ufulu mlenje, ndipo aliyense chiwonetsero cha ukapolo zosavomerezeka kwa iye.

Komanso, Ranger anaona maonekedwe awo anasinthanitsa pakati kapitawo ndi achinyamata Western Mabel. Izi potsiriza adakopa mlenje mu kulondola kwa kanthu ake. Kale iye wakwatiwa kwa mkulu wina Mabel kumva chisoni wofatsa. Iye amadziwa kuti liziwawa St. John wokondedwa wake wonse, koma chifukwa cha ukali wake salinso yesani kukumana naye.