Education ngati chinthu cha kukula zachuma

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti chuma kukula bwino, ndi apamwamba khalidwe ndi mlingo wa maphunziro, womwe kumachepetsa mlingo wa ntchito ndiponso pa nthawi kumawonjezera utali wamoyo.

Akatswiri ambiri a zachuma, anasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa kufala kwa maphunziro m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pa dziko ndi chiyambi cha kukula zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, Easterlin anapeza kuti, monga ulamuliro, chofunika kwa zaka 25-30 pambuyo kusintha maphunziro kuti m'dziko wayamba kuonjezera kwambiri chuma.

Amadziwika kuti mlingo wa maphunziro Russian (onse sekondale ndipo maphunziro apamwamba a) wagwa zikuchepa zisakuyenda bwino. Tikutero chifukwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira okha. Poyamba, maphunziro athu anali nsanje dziko. Soviet Union anali mmodzi wa malo chachikulu cha maphunziro luso, ndipo tsopano 15 zaka Russian mwana wa masamu ndi za mlingo ofanana ndi mwana American.

Education zomwe mphamvu pa chuma m'dzikoli, monga udindo kuchuluka ntchito alipo mderali. Komanso, mapangidwe ntchito wokongola kwambiri ndalama, ndipo gawo, chifukwa ntchito (chifukwa m'dera lino, ife "kukula" akatswiri kwatsopano). Kwa zaka zambiri, muyezo wa maphunziro ku Russia ndi ofunika. Aliyense akhoza kupeza maphunziro kwaulere ndi moyo. dongosolo maphunziro apamwamba anali ntchito zosaneneka za aphunzitsi, asayansi, amene sanafune phindu mu malonda chimenechi - dongosolo amenewa ndi odalirika!

Lero, kusowa kwambiri maphunziro osati chifukwa cha chilakolako cha achinyamata aphunzire ndi yodziŵa, koma atione, "choncho m'pofunika", "makolo anapanga", "popachika usilikali." Palinso maganizo kuti dipuloma ya maphunziro apamwamba - ndicho chinsinsi bwino ntchito. Komabe, izi zachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri zofuna khalidwe la kuphunzira, ndi kuwonjezeka zakuthwa mayunivesite malonda phwando. Kumene, kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthambi m'midzi ali kuthetsedwa vuto ndi chikuonetseratu ku yunivesite anthu a zigawo, koma anapambana ngati ophunzira kuchokera kuti? - No. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chifooke zofunika monga ophunzira ndi ndodo chiphunzitso. Ndipo mlingo wa sukulu ya chidziwitso cha ophunzira akuzigawo m'njira zambiri lonyozeka kwa chidziwitso cha ophunzira m'matauni.

Tikudziwa kuti ophunzira pasukulu, ndi maziko olimba liwunikidwenso maphunziro. zatsopano wapatsidwa maganizo ndi zosavuta, popeza kudziŵa zili ngati tcheni, wina superimposed pa zina zambiri akubwerezedwa. Choncho, anthu ophunzira amene bwinobwino katswiri maphunziro - sikovuta kuphunzira sekondale ngati palibe "woyera mawanga".

Akukhulupirira kuti mlingo wabwino wa sukulu pa nthawi kumawonjezera mwayi chotenga ku yunivesite ndipo, chotero, kumaonjezera kugula za maphunziro apamwamba. Kodi chikuchitika lero? Ngati ife kulankhula za kusintha maphunziro, chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'maganizo - mayeso.

Kumene, cholinga chachikulu cha luso ili (ndipo nthawi zina chowiringula yekha) ndi chothetsera ziphuphu yopemphera ku yunivesite. Koma kodi?

Ngati kale, katangale akuwonetseredwa mu zosayenera komiti ya kusankha, koma lero pendulum wakhala ankatembenukira kwa maphunziro apaderawo, ndipo akuchita zimenezo oimira onse a ntchito yomweyo, kulonjezedwa kwa makolo nkhawa kuti mwana wawo pambuyo sukulu chimodzimodzi kupita ku yunivesite pa bajeti. Ndalama chikwama makolo akadali zinawukhira, monga izo zinali popanda mayeso, koma tsopano zikumveka kwambiri mfulu cholinga - pochitika mayeso, ndi bwino akamaliza chida - namkungwi ku yunivesite. Today sekondale maphunziro mapeto pakokha kupeza nzeru ndi bwino kudutsa mayeso. Ndipo yobereka bwino Kupenda limodzi sizitanthauza mkulu mlingo wa chidziwitso. Choyamba - ichi ndi kusankha luso ndikachite yankho lolondola mungachite anayi. Iwo amanena kuti chifukwa cha zinthu zoipa osati kupanga mankhwala abwino, chifukwa ophunzira amene, ziri kulankhula, wachiwiri mlingo zopangira, zingathe kusintha mankhwala apamwamba? Choncho, akatswiri amenewa adzatha ntchito chuma dziko?

August 25, 2003 Moscow ndinkakhala nalo msonkhano August aphunzitsi, limene, tsopano kale Moscow Meya Yuri Luzhkov analankhula za mayeso: "Chiyambi mayeso magulu akuluakulu, ife m'malo mfundo mongolota mfundo zoona. CSE zinandikumbutsa masewera mu thimbles pamalopa. Koma ngati pa siteshoni, ife kutaya yekha ndalama, apa - achinyamata ".

Mu panopa anthu capitalist, palibe kukakamiza mwayi kokha zosowa za chitukuko: Kodi mukufuna kuphunzira ndi ophunzira - kuphunzira, sindikufuna - satero. Palibe anthu irreplaceable. Koma m'dziko zokomera anatenga zothandizira mipingo yawo pa laggards ndi anawathandiza, anasolola.

Mu 1970, boma la Soviet Union wakhala allocated maphunziro 7% ya GDP ndi Russia ndi kale 3.4% mu chaka cha 1994 (m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti GDP mu 1994 inali kudulidwa pawiri, komanso kukwera mitengo pafupifupi mu nthawi 2 pambuyo August 1998) kotero ife tifike yekha kotala ya ndalama Soviet Union). Ngakhale mu mayiko olemera waima 5.3-5.5%. Masiku ano, maphunziro limatenga 0,75% ya GDP.

Lero chirichonse chasintha: miyezo maphunziro ndi kuwunika kudziwa ophunzira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba kuti mtima (mfundo), anayambitsa Bachelor ndi zina zotero. Pafupifupi anthu onse a kusintha izi ndi yankholi: chitukuko cha zaluso izi yaikulu ndalama umboni, koma khalidwe la chidziwitso iwo okha osati kuchuluka Komanso kulenga kwambiri za mavuto kwa aphunzitsi ndi ana asukulu.

Education maphunziro ayenera luso wophunzirayo kumvetsa, ndikuganiza. The maphunziro ayenera kukhala katswiri kwambiri oyenerera, amene zochita zawo, kutulukira zinthu, polenga zinthu zatsopano, kupeza njira zatsopano pothetsa mavuto, ndi kuchita izi, choyamba, inu muyenera kumuphunzitsa kuganiza. Ndipo bwino ngati ndondomeko osati yunivesite, koma sukulu, choncho ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera akatswiri zotero kuyambira ku sekondale, chotero sanali mtundu wa reeducation.

malo Secretariat Boma la ulamuliro US, pali wina cholemba chaching'ono: "Mayiko ophunzira zimathandiza pachaka, chuma cha United States chopereka cha $ biliyoni 11." Apa pali mmodzi wa maumboni kuti maphunziro "wodekha manja" ndi zofunika kwambiri "breadwinner" wa dziko lonse.

Masiku ano, maphunziro kukhala yofunika ndi zipatso za ndale ndi zamtendere mphamvu. M'mayiko otukuka, akhala afike pomvetsetsa kuti ndalamazo maphunziro - si ndalama bajeti zimenezi ndi ndalama! Anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba akubweretsa chiwerengero apamwamba GDP ndi ndalama zimenezo ndi zabwino.

Kotero, maphunziro akuchita malo ofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chuma, ndicho kafukufuku. Mabungwe sitima akatswiri, chidziwitso cha umene akwaniritsa zofunikira za msika ntchito. maluso anthu zimapezeka mu kupanga. Koma kufunika kwambiri maphunziro apamwamba zinafuna kuti chikuonetseratu kukodzedwa kwa mayunivesite pa maziko ndalama (malonda), ndi chifukwa - kuchepetsa ubwino wa maphunziro. Plus, dziko lonse anati "akuyandama kutali" anthu abwino "ukalamba" aphunzitsi.

Ntchito yaikulu kuthetsedwa kuti apachike khalidwe la maphunziro:

1.usovershenstvovanie maphunziro dongosolo.

2.obnovlenie zapansi, limene ndondomeko maphunziro.

3. pophunzitsa ogwira ntchito chiphunzitso

riziki 4.dostatochnoe ndi Boma la mabungwe apadera akatswiri.

Choncho, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo maphunziro ndi afike mlingo lonse, m'pofunika kuthetsa onse mwa mavuto amenewa. Ndipotu, mlingo wa maphunziro, chidziwitso quality, ndi Choyenereza ogwira ntchito adzatha kuonetsetsa kukula azilandira mphamvu mpikisano wa chuma.

zolemba:

1. The mlingo wa maphunziro ndi vuto la zachuma. [Intaneti gwero]. - http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2006/475

2. Nenani palibe logwirizana boma mayeso. [Intaneti gwero]. - http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0012/001a/00120100.htm

3. E. Hanushek, L. Wessman. Udindo wa maphunziro apamwamba ochokera kakulidwe chuma. - 2007 - [121, 127, 141].

4. Rastorguyeva NF Education Quality - chinsinsi mpikisano wa maphunziro / NF Rastorguyeva // maphunziro apamwamba ku Russia. - 2009. - № 1. - [87, 89, 93]