German wojambula Gans Golbeyn (wamng'ono): yonena, zilandiridwenso

Gans Golbeyn Wamkulu (≈1465-1524) anatsogolera luso situdiyo. Zinayenda m'bale wake, ndipo kenako ana awiri. Makamaka otchuka ntchito pa luso la kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano ankaimba mwana wake wamng'ono, ndi Dzina zonse za atate wake - Gans Golbeyn (1497-1543).

Mu Augsburg olemera

Mu Bavarian Augsburg akale, pamene Gans Golbeyn (bambo) anabadwa, iye anali atagwira msonkhano ndipo analowa m'sitolomo osema, monga luso kupenta m'masiku amenewo sanali kuwaganizira. Choncho zinachitikadi kuyambira nthawi yakale, pamene luso absented masamu. Mawu "masamu" wa Agiriki akale sanali, ndiponso kupenta anali chabe luso. Msonkhano Hans anakhala banja. Mlanduwu inapambana malamulo okwanira yekha, ndi m'bale wake Sigmund, ndi kuthandiza Leonard. Augsburg kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma unali mzinda waukulu. Kutacha malonda anakula zokambirana zomwe opangidwa zida ndi zodzikongoletsera. Pa amisiri ogula anali olemera banja. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, amalonda a mzinda uno anali mmodzi wa wolemera mu Europe. mzinda zambiri ankabwera Mfumu Maximilian I. anali ndi anamuperekeza ake anatengedwa pano zinthu zatsopano za amisiri wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano, mwachitsanzo. Iyo inali nthawi imene akale Gothic anagwetsa zoonanso pa dziko.

Mu situdiyo

Gans Golbeyn kungolandira latsopano zokongoletsa ndi anakwanitsa organically kufotokoza zolinga za Kubadwa Kwatsopano. kutchuka Kwake anayamba kufalitsa mu kum'mwera Germany. Choyamba anamuitana kuti ntchito Ulm, ndiye kuti Frankfurt. Ndi ana ake Ambrosius (1494-1519) ndi Hans amapanga zojambula mu Lucerne. Ndi zambiri za ntchito ikuchitika mkati nyumbayi ndi kunja. mafano alipo ndi mtundu wanyimbo zithunzi, ndi kusaka. Kenako, Gans Golbeyn achoke ntchito yogwira ndi kukhazikika mu Izengeyme kumene kufa. Mu Augsburg Kubwezeretsedwa adzawonongedwa pa nkhondo, nyumba ya Holbein, ndi Gallery wa ambuye akale ndi Cathedral pali ntchito imene ikuchitika Gans Golbeyn. zojambula wake - kunyada kwa mzinda.

Moyo Hans Holbein-mwana

Pambuyo ntchito ndi bambo wake, ndi m'bale, Hans anasunthira 1515 ku Switzerland. zaka khumi anakakhala Basel. Apa iye anakomana ndi Erasmus, zikusonyeza wake "Mayamiko Utsiru", amalenga chithunzi cha iye. woyang'anira wake ndi meya Meyer, zimene analemba asanachoke Germany zabwino, ndi kupenta "Madonna wa banja Meyer," mmodzi wa katswiri wake wa nthawi ino. Pakati pamwamba Namwali Mariya wanyamula mwana wake Yesu pansi pa chivundikiro cha zipolopolo sikalopu. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anafunsa wokonda dzina lake Magdalena Offenburg. Pansipa zimatetezedwa ndi chofunda cha Virigo ili m'mbali mwa banja lake lonse Meyer. Iye akhapidziwa kuti n'zotheka kupeza chifundo cha Atate Akumwamba kudzera chitetezero ake. Sikalopu chipolopolo likuimira danga Mulungu ndi chachikazi. Gold korona pa mutu wa Virgin ndi ufulu wa mphamvu yake. Kumanzere ndi Meyer yekha ndi ana ake awiri. Mu Pachithunzipa mu diresi loyera - wamkazi Meyera Anna. Ndiye - mkazi wake wachiwiri, Dorothea, ndipo potsiriza, mu mbiri imasonyeza choyamba kale wakufayo mkazi Meyer - Magdalena. Kotero izo ndi - wachipembedzo chithunzi sayansi yaikulu. Sizikudziwika zimene anali kuganiza, kusiya Basel, Gans Golbeyn. yonena wake mu zaka kusanduka kuchokera kuwoloka. Kodi iye apite?

Gans Golbeyn Jr. ku England

Pa zaka ziwiri, wojambula anapita England, pamene iye anali manja aŵiri, ndiyeno Basel, liza penti m'tauni holo ndi zithunzi kuchokera ku Chipangano Chakale, ndipo mu 1532 mpaka kalekale anasamukira ku chilumbachi. Apa iye amawululira chithunzi cha mphatso chathunthu. Tsopano tidzakhala ntchito yake, zomwe anamuika chosafota ulemerero. Mwatsatanetsatane specifications chinyezimiro cha zithunzi - ndicho chimene chimapangitsa Gans Golbeyn. Ntchito si yomweyo anapeza otsatira awo akukhudza chitukuko cha portraiture ku Britain.

"Kazembe", 1533

Gans Golbeyn Jr. analemba chithunzi akazembe a French mu chaka Mfumukazi Elizabeth anabadwa. chithunzi ichi ndicho chithunzi awiri, ndipo akadali moyo wa zinthu zochepa zimene zachititsa kutsutsana kwambiri.

Anthu ovala zovala zosiyana, pomwe Zhan De Dentevil - mu boma, anasiya Bishop Zhorzh De Selva - chovomerezeka ndi boma. Izo zimasonyeza mkangano boma ndi chipembedzo, pakati pa ambuye yekha ndi Mpingo. Mfundo mkangano pakati pa asayansi (nyimbo Martina Lyutera) ndi atsogoleri a chikatolika limasonyeza lute ndi chingwe wosweka. Pakati pa akazembe ndi lotsegula Lutheran hymnal ngati chizindikiro cha chidziwitso achipembedzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo zimagwirizana pamodzi mwa Lady athu. Pansi pa pachithunzipa pansi mu malo a Chigaza mu mawonekedwe yaitali molakwika. Ndi bwinobwino chifukwa Holbein amapereka kukumbukira za imfa, koma n'zotheka kuti chithunzicho ndi atatu mlingo chithunzi. Pa alumali pamwamba ndi astrolabe, ndi nusu, Mipikisano faceted sundial ndi zinthu zina za dziko lakumwamba, pansi - dziko lapansi, umboni ndi mabuku ndi lute, ndipo potsiriza, pansi chikumbutso cha imfa mwa mawonekedwe a munthu odulidwa oblique. Womwewo anati ndi mtanda mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya, ndi medallion Zhana De Dentevilya. Choncho zojambulajambula akutembenukira mwachindunji, losavuta-tione moyo m'masomphenya phantasmagoric.

Anataya chithunzi cha Mfumu

Mu 1536 Holbein anakhala bwalo zojambulajambula Mfumu Henry. Mu 1536-1537 analenga chithunzi wake. The original sichinayambe apulumuka, izo yapsya moto mu 1698, ife tonse timadziwa kokha m'mabaibulo ambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Henry anali wokwatira kwa Dzheyn Seymur popanda kudandaula. Chithunzicho odzichepetsa lachitatu mkazi wa Henry umapulumuka lero, komanso chithunzi cha achinyamata Prince Edward, nthawi yaitali mwana akadali aang'ono.

Chithunzi cha Henry VIII, mochedwa buku

Monga tanenera, ndi zithunzi za Henry VIII kutenthedwa. Iwo ankafuna azikongoletsa Whitehall. Koma panali makope. Kuwonjezera pa mfumu, ankagwiritsidwanso kuimira mkazi wake Dzheyn Seymur ndi makolo ake, Henry VII ndi Elizabeth wa York. Amenewa anali frescoes, Kwatha mu 1537, kukondwelela kubadwa kwa mwana wake wokondedwa. Pakuti ife oyambirira panali kokha bolodi, limene utoto Henry VIII ndi atate wake, Henry VII.

Henry VIII (buku) chimasonyeza zonse kutalika popanda lupanga, kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga ndi ndodo. Ukulu wa mfumu opatsirana angabweretse. Iye monyada ndi azitengapo atayima kutsogolo kwa wowerenga, miyendo kufalikira, manja kugwira womenya mochititsa chidwi. Mu dzanja limodzi iye wagwira gulovu, winayo ili pafupi ndi mpanda lamba kukongoletsa lupanga. Iye amavala kwambiri zodzikongoletsera, kuphatikizapo mphete angapo waukulu ndi awiri mikanda. Zovala ndi yotakata mapewa thonje kwalimbitsa kuganiza mphamvu chachimuna wochokera mfumu. Holbein makamaka asokoneza kuzilingalira Henry VIII, kupanga izo chidwi kwambiri. Pa chithunzi a mfumu ali wamng'ono ndi wathanzi, pamene iye anali kale akuvutika kwambiri ku bala analandira pamene ndime zoipa. Henry VIII anasangalala kwambiri chithunzi kuti analamula buku la izo, anafuna monga mphatso kwa akuluakulu ndi akazembe.

Yekha kupulumuka chithunzi ndi Holbein

chithunzi si mu England, ndi Museum Thyssen-Bornemisza ku Madrid, limene mfumu akufotokozedwa pa nthawi kufalitsidwa zinayang'ana wowerenga mu kumpanda atatu. Kwa zaka zambiri, kupenta anali m'gulu la banja Spencer, koma mavuto azachuma chiwiri Earl Spencer kum'siya. Izi Chitsanzo cha kalembedwe ochuluka a Holbein. Frontally kufalitsidwa mapewa achifumu munthu, malo a manja ake adakonzeka ndi mphete, unyolo chachikulu, otchuka kaimidwe yomweyo zikusonyeza kuti azionerera zapadera amphamvu umunthu. Imperious mfumu katundu nkhope modekha. nkhope yake wokongola si maonekedwe owonongeka kapena makwinya kapena chidzalo kwambiri. Maso mwapang'ono mu kusakhulupirira, koma ankawonekera pa aliyense anzawo. Pa nkhope palibe kafungo akumwetulira. Ndi munthu lolimba ntchito kusankha paokha, cholimbana ndi chitsutso weniweni ndi kungoganiza.

Holbein anafa pa mliri wa nthenda London. Izi zinali mu heyday cha luntha lake ndi luso. Zojambulajambula ndinangowasiya zaka 46.