Pasternak Leonid Osipovich: zojambula, yonena

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti bambo wa anthu otchuka Russian ndakatulo ndi wolemba Boris Pasternak mofanana ndi luso munthu, womwe ndi wojambula Pasternak Leonid Osipovich. Za ntchito yake ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

ubwana

Young wojambula Pasternak Leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - zaka za moyo), dzina lenileni zikumveka ngati Avrum Itshok Leib, anakulira m'banja losauka ku Odessa. Tsogolo luso zojambulajambula anali womaliza m'banja la ana asanu. The mnyamata anayamba kusonyeza zilandiridwenso. Komabe, ngakhale ndalama zoonekeratu mwana, makolo ndatha kuchigwira Leni chilakolako opanda chidwi. Komabe, wojambula wamng'ono sanataye makalasi mu luso sukulu. Kuphunzitsa luso chabwino mnyamata anapitiriza pambuyo pa mapeto a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi. Ngakhale Leonid anasankha zapaderazi ntchito zachipatala, ndi limodzi ndi maphunziro a ku yunivesite ophatikizana kuyendera situdiyo mbuye E. Sorokina. Komanso, maphunziro zapaderazi anapereka chithunzicho tsogolo mwayi bwinobwino tione makhalidwe a thupi, kulunjika ake mu kuyenda ndi statics.

kuwonjezera maphunziro mbuye anatengera ngakhale nayenso kwambiri mosayembekezereka. Mu zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi Leonid zinasintha mwadzidzidzi ntchito yake ndipo anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku mphamvu. Komabe, n'kupita nayo ili yofunika sunathe, ndipo patapita nthawi yochepa, anasiya kwawo ndipo anapita kuti akayesere likuwayenera mu Germany.

dziko lina

N'zoona Munich, Pasternak Leonid Osipovich anakhala telemu angapo kuphunzira kupenta pa Royal Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Ndi kumeneko kumene moyo wa mbuye anabweretsa mayi ake wotchuka Russian wojambula Serov, umene panthawi imeneyo bungwe bwalo. msonkhano uwu wakhala chosaiwalika kwa banja Pasternak, ndi banja Serov. Leonid Osipovich kuzolowerana ndi mkazi uyu anali chiyambi cha yaitali ubwenzi mibadwo ingapo.

buku loyamba

Pa zokambirana, chithunzicho kwa nthawi yaitali anabwerera ku Odessa, kumene woyamba lofalitsidwa ntchito yake magazini azithunzithunzi khalidwe. Izi zinali zina zachidule, zojambula zina zachidule, zina zachidule. Zingati kenako anavomereza kuti chithunzicho yekha Maksim Gorky, pa nthawi Pasternak analanda poyamba, malingana ndi wolemba, "Kunkapezekanso" mu mabuku Russian.

Mu maphunziro mbuye sinathe kumeneko. Nditamaliza maphunziro ku University of Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, Wambiri amene wabweza kupambana wina wake wofunika, anatumikira mongodzipereka. Ngakhale pa ntchito yake yausilikali, sanasiye kupanga waona komanso zithunzi yaing'ono. Popeza anapanga kalembedwe mlembi.

moyo

Mu m'tauni ya Pasternak Leonid Osipovich anakumana ndi Roza Kaufman, amazipanga luso limba. Kale mu 1889 okonda nakwatirana kukhala Moscow. Pali Rose anapereka konsati akutiakuti, ndipo Leonid adatengedwa bwalo polenovskim.

Patatha chaka chimodzi, angolowa kumene m'banja mwana woyamba anabadwa. Zinali iye amene anadzakhala otchuka Russian ndakatulo. Zinali Boris Pasternak. Patatha zaka zitatu banjalo mwana, Alexander, amene anakhala bwino wamanga.

Kuwonjezera anyamata m'banjamo anali Pasternak ndi kugonana chilungamo. Mu 1990 mwana wamng'ono ziboliboli, Josephine, patapita zaka ziwiri, mkazi wokondedwa Rosa mkazi wake Lydia. ana ake Pasternak anathera zomera osiyana. Mu nsalu zokha ayi awa anagwira amakonda onse ndi chikondi cha banja chisa, amene adaluka banjali.

Kuzindikila

Chosaiwalika kwa wojambula achinyamata 1889 iye anangomwetulira mwayi kachiwiri, ndipo woyamba chithunzi kudziwika kwa mbuye, "Kalata Mama" akugula olemekezedwa wokhometsa Pavel Tretyakov. Icho chinali chaka bwino kwa Pasternak. Pambuyo pa chionetsero cha zojambula za dzina wojambula muyaya Anapitirizabe pa ndime m'nthawi yake zochepa wotchuka.

Pambuyo kupambana loti mu Moscow anthu a connoisseurs wa kupenta Pasternak Leonid Osipovich anakhala otchuka pakati ojambula zithunzi za nthawi. Iye anayamba kugwirizana ndi osachepera amadziwika ndi okhometsa ndiponso akatswiri ojambula. Komanso, wojambula yekha anayamba kupereka maphunziro amisiri novice. Choncho, ngakhale Ilya Repin anatumiza phunziro kwa Pasternak asukulu aang'onoang'ono. M'nduli mwache, mbuyawo anayamba kupereka pandekha mu Moscow. Kuona bwino, anaganiza, pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, chithunzicho Stemberg lotseguka munthu maphunziro situdiyo kujambula. Pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi ophunzira Pasternak wakhazikitsa yokha ngati wojambula kupata ndi mphunzitsi. Motero, chiphunzitso, iye osati ophunzira ndizosowa luso labwino ndi zojambula maphunziro, komanso zikusonyeza mnyamata watsopano, aliyense kale ntchito njira. mbuye onse ataphunzira kale pa maphunziro Germany. Choncho, luso Russian zinasintha pang'onopang'ono la ku Ulaya.

Ntchito ya m'nyuzipepala

Popeza 1890, Leonid Osipovich pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Russian wolemba, Wolemba wina ndi mtolankhani Fedora Sologuba amakhala ndi luso mkonzi wa magazini atsopano "Mmisiri". Patatha chaka chimodzi, Pasternak anatenga kusamalira buku la ntchito za Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova mafanizo. Izi Kutolere chithunzicho sikuti mendulo mafanizo ake, komanso anamupatsa mpata kuti ntchito luso koma zochepa odziwika ojambula zithunzi wina. Mwa iwo sanali wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo, koma mochepa luso izi Mikhail Vrubel.

Kuwonjezera pa kugwira ntchito m'munda wa utolankhani, mbuye anakwanitsa kupenta. Mu 1892 analemba Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "yomenyera chilengedwe." Kanemayo anakhala chokhudza m'mphepete mwa chithunzicho.

Kujambula zithunzi

Ngakhale kuti Leonid Osipovich Pasternak amadziwika monga zojambulajambula, ndi mbali yaikulu ya cholowa chake luso kupanga zithunzi.

Ngakhale mu mtundu uwu wa luso chabwino wojambula ophatikizidwa maganizo ake nzeru. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri zithunzi Pasternak ndi kuti mbuye akufotokozedwa osati kugwira, komanso akatulukire kwa dziko mkati wasonyeza. Mu zojambula wake, wojambula anafuna kusonyeza khalidwe zosonyezedwa maganizo, mtima, chisoni, mmene alili. Pasternak analemba kalembedwe impressionistic. wamphamvu kuposa umboni kwambiri ngakhale kuti kalembedwe uyu akhoza zimachitika ntchito chithunzicho onse, pambuyo pa zonse, ndi mu zithunzi za chuma ichi.

bwino padziko lonse

Pasternak anapitiriza kukula mphunzitsi mbuye ndi kale malo mu Sukulu ya Tirhana mu 1894. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Pasternak anayamba kuphunzitsa ndi ambuye ena otchuka pakati pawo Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin ndi K. Korovin. Mu zinthu zawo m'munda wa chiphunzitso, sukulu wakhala mmodzi wa zotsogola osati Russia, koma ngakhale otchuka kunja. Young aphunzitsi akhama, omwe ambiri ataphunzitsidwa kunja powapatsa mfundo yatsopano kuphunzitsa luso. Komanso, gulu la aphunzitsi walimbikitsa maphunziro maphunziro ambiri. Choncho, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky anakhala mphunzitsi wa mbiri Russian. Kenako, Leonid Osipovich analanda mzindawo pa wina zithunzi wake. Dziwani kuti sukulu pachabe amapezeka yotchuka kwambiri: ntchito wodzipereka kwa aphunzitsi ambiri ophunzira anadzakhala ambuye kwambiri. Ena mwa iwo ngati ojambula zithunzi wotchuka ngati Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov ndi ena.

Komabe, ndipo izi si Slava Pasternaka. Mu 1894, "Pa madzulo a mayeso," chithunzi cha chithunzicho anapata mphoto yoyamba pa chionetserocho mayiko ku Munich. Iye anagula mu 1890 kwa ulemerero wa Luxembourg Museum mwachindunji ku chionetsero mu Paris.

Pambuyo oterowo bwino loti anali zomveka kufunika kwa zinthu Pasternak. Kale mu 1901, ku Luxembourg Museum analamula angapo odziwika bwino pa amisiri nthawi, kuphatikizapo Leonid Osipovich, amajambulapo zithunzi za ku moyo Russian. Pasternak analemba wina wa zolengedwa wotchuka kwambiri, ndi chithunzi changwiro cha "Tolstoy ndi banja lake." Iye anatamanda ngakhale Duke George Alexandrovich, kuonera chionetsero "World wa Art".

Kenako Pasternak yekha ndiye anali tate wa luso Russian mu mzinda wa Düsseldorf. Pa nthawi kunja mbuye m'ndendemo ntchito nthawi allocated ndi anafika ku gombe Mediterranean. Ngakhale mu Italy, chithunzicho anachita zinthu zambiri zina zachidule a mitunda.

Moyo kunja dzikolakwathu

Pa zochitika za 1905, Leonid Osipovich chaka chonse chinali pa Berlin. Amasirira iye ntchito kusukulu anayenera anasiya chifukwa sukulu zinali kutsekedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, Pasternak nawo zisudzo ambiri a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Berlin. Mu yomweyi, mbuye utoto kwa makasitomala ambiri achilendo.

Popeza 1912, pamene mankhwala Maluwa Pasternak mu Kissingen ndi ku Pisa, mbuye anayamba chinsalu chachikulu "Apo." Malinga ndi lingaliro, ana anabwera kusangalatsa mphatso makolo awo 'siliva chikumbutso ukwati, monga iwo ndi wojambula zotsatirazi. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak anamaliza kupenta mu 1914. Iye wakhala bwino loti.

Nthawi imeneyi, mbuye ankakhala Moscow. Ndi apa kuti analemba Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "Chithunzi cha mwana" - mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri wa chilengedwe chake.

Kuyambira 1921 Pasternak ankakhala Berlin. Ngakhale kuwonongeka thanzi ndi masomphenya opuwala, iye anamverera funde la mphamvu yakulenga ndi analemba nthawi iyi mndandanda wa zithunzi za umunthu otchuka pakati pawo Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke ndi ena ambiri. Mu 1924, iye anali mu kampani ndi anzake anapita pa ulendo wopita ku Egypt ndi Palestine. Paulendo umenewu, Pasternak analemba mndandanda wa zina zachidule waluntha.

Pa nthawi ya kulanda mphamvu cha Nazi zambiri za ntchito chithunzicho anali anatentha poyera, ndi zisudzo anaziletsa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu mmasate mochedwa, Pasternak anasamukira ku London, kumene iye analemba mndandanda wa zojambula, kenako umasamutsidwa ku British Museum. Itangoyamba ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mbuye zapita ku Oxford.

Pa nthawi, cholowa wachuma wa chithunzicho ndi ambiri zakale wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo Tretyakov Gallery mu Moscow. N'zovuta kuwunika zopereka mu Russian ndi dziko luso Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. mbuye zojambula akadali zatenga malo a ulemu pa zisudzo lonse.