Wolemba mbiri wina wa ku Russia Vasily Klyuchevsky: biography, quotations, aphorisms, mawu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841-1911 gg.) - wamkulu ndi mmodzi mwa akatswiri olemba mbiri achi Russia ambiri pa theka lachiwiri la XIX. Ali woyenera kuti ndi amene anayambitsa chuma cha bourgeois mu mbiri yakale ya mbiri yakale, popeza anali woyamba kupereka chidwi kwambiri pa maphunziro a moyo wa dziko komanso maziko a zachuma za moyo wa anthu.

Zambiri zokhudza mnyamata wa mbiriyakale

Klyuchevsky Vasily Osipovich, yemwe amafotokoza mwachidule nkhaniyi mu gawo lino, anabadwira mu 1841 m'chigawo cha Penza. Iye anali mwana wa wansembe wa mumudzi. Agogo ake aamuna awiri ndi agogo ake aamuna anali aphunzitsi. Kotero, chiphunzitso cha tchalitchi chinali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa iye. Wosakafukufukuyu adasunga chidwi cha mbiri yakale ya chikhalidwe cha Orthodox kwa moyo wake. Cholinga chake choyamba chinali choperekedwa kwa miyoyo ya oyera mtima, ndipo mu maphunziro ake otchuka pa mbiri yakale ya Russian iye nthawizonse adapititsa patsogolo kukula kwauzimu kwa anthu komanso udindo wa Orthodox m'mbuyomu.

Vasily Klyuchevsky anaphunzira ku sukulu ya parisa ya Penza ndi seminare ya Penza, koma anaganiza kudzipereka yekha ku sayansi ya mbiri yakale. Iye anakopeka ndi chipani cha mbiri-philological ya University of Moscow, yomwe inali chikhalidwe cha umoyo ndi ndale pa nthawi yoganiziridwa. Komabe, maphunziro a tchalitchi anali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa iye. Wolemba mbiri mwiniyo adanena kuti kuphunzira za scholasticism kunapangitsa mwa iye kuthekera kuganiza mozama.

Zaka za kuphunzira ndi maphunziro oyambirira

Klyuchevsky Vasiliy Osipovich, yemwe mafilimu ake akufotokozedwa mwachidule mu gawo lino, anaphunzira zaka zinayi ku University of Moscow. Nthawiyi inakhala yovuta pa kusankha ntchito yake komanso maphunziro ake. Chikoka chachikulu pa iye chinaperekedwa ndi zokambirana za wolemba mbiri F. Buslaev. Ndiye wamasayansi wamtsogolo adasangalatsidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe, miyambo, miyambi, miyambi.

Vasily Kliuchevsky adapanga kudzipereka yekha kuti aphunzire maziko a moyo wa anthu, monga adafotokozera. Mfundo yake yoyamba inali yophunzitsidwa mosamalitsa zolemba za hagiographic. Pambuyo pake, palibe wolemba mbiri yakale yemwe wakhala akufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane nkhaniyi. Kuphunzira kwina kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kuwerengera za chiwerengero cha Boyar Duma. Vasily Klyuchevsky anasanthula mosamala za chikhalidwe chomwe chinali gawo la bungwe lolangizidwa pansi pa akalonga ndi mafumu a ku Russia. Ntchito yake inatsegula njira zatsopano za mbiriyakale pakuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Njira zake zinaphatikizapo kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane za mawonetseredwe onse a moyo ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu wamba, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa Russia mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1900 atatha kuthetsa serfdom.

Zimagwira pa mbiriyakale

Vasily Klyuchevsky, amene mbiri yake inafotokozedwa mwachidule m'magulu apitayi, amadziwika kuti ndi mlembi wa maphunziro otchuka omwe wakhala akuwerenga kwa zaka makumi angapo. Pokhala wokamba bwino kwambiri, adalankhula momveka bwino m'chinenero chamanja, chomwe chinapangitsa kulankhula kwake momveka komanso momveka bwino. Chifukwa cha malingaliro amphamvu ndi amatsutso omwe adatsagana nawo mfundo zake za sayansi, zokambirana zake zinapeza kutchuka kwake. Vasily Kliuchevsky, yemwe mbiri yake ya Russia inakhala yeniyeni yeniyeni osati kwa ophunzira ake okha, komanso kwa ena ambiri asayansi a pakhomo, nayenso anadziwika kuti anali wozindikira mosamala za moyo wa anthu a ku Russia. Pambuyo pake, ofufuza, monga lamulo, amamvetsera zochitika zandale ndi zochitika, kotero ntchito yake yopanda kukokomeza ingathe kutchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu mbiri yakale.

Chilankhulo cha sayansi

Chizindikiro cha mawu a Klyuchevsky ndikutanthauzira, kulondola ndi kutulutsa mawu. Wofusayo ankadziwa momwe angalankhulire momveka bwino malingaliro ake mosiyanasiyana za mavuto omwe alipo lero komanso akale. Mwachitsanzo, iye ali ndi mawu otsatirawa onena za kusintha kwa mfumu yoyamba ya ku Russia: "Nthawi zonse pali zonyansa zambiri kuchokera ku zomangamanga zazikuru, ndipo zabwino zambiri zinatha mwa ntchito ya Peter mwamsanga." Wolemba mbiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kufanana kwake ndi kufanana kwake, komwe, wosiyana ndi mfiti, komabe, anafotokoza bwino maganizo ake.

Mawu ake okhudza Catherine II, amene anawatcha kuti "zinthu zatsopano zimene zinachitika ku Russia," n'zochititsa chidwi. Wasayansi nthaŵi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo ofananako, zomwe zinamuthandiza kumvetsa bwino zinthu zomwe anali ataphimba. Zambiri mwa mawu a Klyuchevsky akhala ngati mwambi m'ma mbiri yakale. Kawirikawiri, mawu ake amatchulidwa kuti apereke malingaliro ku kulingalira. Ambiri mwa mawu ake adayamba kukhala aristorisms. Kotero, mawu akuti "Ku Russia, pakati pa phokoso" nthawi yomweyo anapita kwa anthu: iwo amapezeka kawirikawiri, pa symposia, pamisonkhano.

Wasayansi wokhudza mbiriyakale ndi moyo

Malingaliro a Klyuchevsky amasiyana moyambirira ndi kuyambira. Kotero, mwa njira yakeyake akukonzekera Chilatini wotchuka kunena kuti mbiriyakale imaphunzitsa moyo: "Mbiri siimaphunzitsa chirichonse, koma imangodanga chifukwa cha kusadziwa maphunziro." Kulondola, kufotokoza ndi luntha la chinenero kumabweretsa kwa asayansi osati onse a Russian, komanso mbiri ya dziko: ambiri ofufuza zakunja, akuphunzira mbiri ya Russia, amatchula molondola ntchito zake. Zomwe anthu a mbiri yakale amatsutsana nazo, osati maganizo okhawo, komanso mavuto ambiri a filosofi amakhalanso ofunika kwambiri. "Moyo sukhala ndi moyo, ndikumverera kuti umakhala moyo."

Zina mwazochokera ku biography

Pomalizira, tiyenera kufotokozera nthawi zingapo zosangalatsa za moyo wa wofufuzira wapadera uyu. Wosaka kafukufukuyu adaphunzira kuwerengera zaka zinayi kuyambira ali mwana adasonyezeratu kuti ali ndi mphamvu zophunzira. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, anavutika ndi chibwibwi ndipo chifukwa cha khama lalikulu adatha kuthetsa viceli ndikukhala wolemba nzeru. Anagwira nawo pamisonkhano yotchuka ya Peterhof polemba Duma, komanso anathamanga kukhala membala wa Cadet Party, koma adalephera. Kotero, Kliuchevsky Vasiliy Osipovich, yemwe mbiri yake ndi chidziwitso chake chinayambira pa phunziro ili, ndi mmodzi wa akatswiri apakhomo omwe akutsogolera mbiri ya Russian.