Sergey Korolev (wophunzira): nkhani yochepa

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev ndi wophunzira yemwe dzina lake limadziwika, monga lamulo, kwa anthu onse ophunzira apadziko lapansi. Kodi chifukwa cha kutchuka koteroko ndi chiyani? Kodi izi zawunikira bwanji izi, ndithudi, munthu waluso, kuti nkhani zake zabwezedwa kale kwazaka zambiri?

Monga asayansi onse a Soviet, adathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa sayansi ya dziko lapansi. Koma sizo zonse. Iye anali woyamba. Woyamba yemwe anatha kugonjetsa danga momwemo. Inde, pambuyo pake pakhalapo ndipo adzakhala akatswiri a luso omwe adzipatulira ndikudzipereka ntchito kuti chitukuko cha mlalang'amba chikule. Koma ndi Korolev Sergey Pavlovich amene amaona kuti ndi mpainiya.

Ponena za munthu uyu, mungathe kumuuza kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi iliyonse yodabwitsa pa luso lake, chipiriro ndi cholinga.

Gawo 1. Ana ndi achinyamata

Sergei Korolyov, yemwe ali ndi chuma chambiri, anabadwira ku Ukraine mumzinda wa Zhitomir pa January 12, 1907. Makolo ake anasudzulana mofulumira, mnyamatayo sanakumbukire atate wake, chifukwa analeredwa m'banja la amayi ake ku Nezhin. Uko kunali 1911 Sergei atawona kuthawa kwa woyendetsa ndege Utochkin pa ndege. Kunena kuti chochitika ichi chinamuchititsa kuti asanene kanthu. Mnyamatayo anafika ku chisangalalo chosaneneka.

Mu 1917, Korolev anasamuka ndi amayi ake ku Odessa kupita kwa abambo ake. Kumzinda wa South Palmyra panali nthaŵi yokhala ndege. Ndipo mwangozi mwangozi anafikitsa mwanayo ndi makani V. Dolganov, amene pambuyo pake anayamba kum'phunzitsa zonse zovuta. Mnyamatayo adathera nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndi brigade, anathandiza kukonzekera ndege kuti ipite ndege, ndipo nthawi yaying'ono ingakhale yothandizira komanso yosadalirika kwa makina ndi oyendetsa ndege.

Sergei Korolev sakanakhoza kupeza msampha wa sukulu ya sekondale, motero, anamaliza sukulu yomanga zaka ziwiri, kumene anaphunzira mwakhama. Pa maphunziro ake onse, Korolev anapitilizabe kugwira nawo ntchito ya kayendedwe ka ndege. Ndipo kwa mnyamata, ulemerero wa makanisi wodabwitsa unakhazikika.

Korolev Sergey Pavlovich anali membala wa bungwe la Aviation Society ku Ukraine, anapereka nkhani zowononga, anagwira nawo ntchito yomanga galasi lopangidwa ndi woyendetsa ndege wotchuka KA Arceulov. Patapita kanthawi analowa mu Polytechnic Institute of Kiev, kumene ankaonedwa kukhala mmodzi wa ophunzira ophunzira kwambiri a ubweya. Faculty.

Mu 1926, ataphunzira zaka ziwiri ku Kiev, mnyamata wina waluso anasamutsidwa ku Moscow, ndipo ankadziŵika bwino kwambiri ndi aeromechanics (MVTU). Mu March 1927, Korolev anamaliza sukulu ya glider ndi ulemu.

Gawo 2. Kugwira ndikugwira ntchito kwa KGB

M'buku lake lachikhalidwe, wopanga wamkulu uja anakumbukira kuti anamangidwa mosayembekezereka (zinachitika pa June 27, 1938) potsutsidwa. Monga anthu otchuka ambiri a nthawi imeneyo, iye anazunzidwa. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti amathyola nsagwada zonsezo.

Pa September 25, 1938, wasayansi anaphatikizidwa pa mndandanda wa anthu apadera omwe milandu yawo inkayang'aniridwa ndi Msonkhano Wachibalo wa Supreme Court ya USSR. M'ndandanda umenewo, adatchulidwa m'gulu loyamba. Koma khoti la pa September 27, 1938 anam'weruza iye kwa zaka 10 zokha ITL. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mawuwa adachepetsedwa, ndipo adamasulidwa mu 1944. Panthawiyi, Sergei anali "Butyrka" ku Moscow, kundende ya Novocherkassk ndi Kolyma, kumene anali kugwira ntchito "zogwirira ntchito" m'migodi ya golidi.

Ku Moscow, mkonzi wamkulu wam'tsogolo adabweranso pa March 2, 1940, komwe patatha miyezi inayi, adatsutsidwa. M'ndende ya NKVD TsKB-29 adatengapo mbali pomanga mabomba a Pe-2 ndi Tu-2. Maluso amenewa amachititsa kuti Mfumukazi idzasamalire ku malo ena ogwirira ntchito pa ndege ya nambala 16 ku Kazan. Mu 1943, adasankhidwa kukhala ndi udindo woyang'anira kupanga ndege. Mu July 1944, wasayansi anamasulidwa patsogolo pa nthawi ya Stalin.

Gawo 3. Sergey Korolev - Academician. Scientific ntchito

Kupititsa patsogolo pakufufuza malo kumayenera kusamala kwambiri. Kotero, katswiri wodziwa bwino wa Soviet adapita nawo ntchito zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi:

• Kukula kwa mizati ya ballistic. Mu 1956, motsogoleredwa ndi chidwi chake, adakonzedwa makina awiri a R-7 a ballistic, omwe adasinthidwa ndikugwira ntchito ndi Strategic Missile Forces ya USSR. Mu 1957, adalenga makombole oyambirira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zowonjezera mafuta.
• Kulengedwa kwa satana yoyamba yopanga mapulaneti. SP Korolev adayambitsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha asilikali chokhala ndi zitsulo zitatu ndi zinayi. Zotsatira zake, pa Oktoba 4, 1957, dziko lapansili linayambitsidwa.
• Kupanga ma satellite osiyanasiyana ndi kuyambitsa zipangizo pamwezi. Mwazinthu zina, adatha kukhazikitsa satellites, ma satellites "Electron" ndi malo opita ku Mwezi.
• Msonkhano wa ndege yopangira ndege "Vostok-1", yomwe inachititsa kuti anthu ambiri apulumuke padziko lonse lapansi - Yu A. Gagarin - kufupi ndi dziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, Mfumukazi inaperekanso mwayi wotchedwa Hero wa Laborist Labor.

Gawo 4. Chikondi ndi chilengedwe cha sayansi

Kupsompsona koyamba Mfumukazi ndi mtsikana wa maloto ake, mozizwitsa, zinachitika padenga. Anakhala ku Odessa ndipo anakondana ndi Xenia Vincentini, kwa nthawi yaitali ankamufunafuna ndipo asananyamuke kupita ku Kiev Polytechnic Institute anamuuza. Xenia anayankha kuti adzadikira mpaka Sergei atamaliza maphunziro ake. Choncho zinapangitsa kuti aphunzire dokotala ku Kharkov, ndipo anali ku Kiev, kenako ku Moscow. Korolyov ankayesetsa kupeza chilolezo cha Xenia chokwatirana, koma anakana zaka zingapo, koma kenako anakhala mkazi wake, ndipo Sergei anamutenga ku Moscow.

Komabe, mwatsoka, posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, Korolev mwamsanga ataya chidwi ndi mkazi wake ndipo amakonda akazi ena. Zotsatira zake, zoterezi za mwamuna wake zimabweretsa mayiyo mantha, ndipo akuganiza kuti amusiye. Mwana wawo wamkazi Natasha adamva za "kusakhulupilira abambo ake" ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri (12), motero, kusokonezeka pakati pa mwana wake ndi abambo anakhalabe moyo wake wonse.

Zikuoneka kuti wotchuka wotchedwa Korolev-wophunzira sakhala wokhoza kukhala mwamuna ndi bambo wachikondi ndi wachikondi.

Gawo 5. Kutengeka kwa mkati mkati

Mkazi wachiwiri - Nina - zinali zophweka ndi zochitika zake. Sergei Pavlovich anapitirizabe kutha m'ntchito zamalonda zopita, kuzunzidwa ndi kusungulumwa.

Nthawi zambiri amatembenukira kwa mkazi wake kuti amupatse uphungu, amalemba makalata, amakamba za mavuto ake ndi zochitika zake, mavuto a muyaya mu moyo ndi ntchito. Koma posakhalitsa amayamba kunjenjemera chifukwa cha kuzunzika kwake kwamuyaya ndi kuvomereza, amasiya kuwayankha, ndipo amamva bwino kwambiri.

Gawo 6. Mbiri yamlandu ndi imfa

Zonse zinachitika mwadzidzidzi. Kumeneku kunali munthu wina, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yabwino ya Mamaland, akulemekeza dziko lake, pamene mwadzidzidzi iye analibenso. Panalibe maliro osangalatsa, osati maliro abwino, ngakhale nkhani zokhudzana ndi mutu wakuti "SP Korolev - wophunzira ndi dzina lapadziko lonse" adatha.

Nzika za USSR zinamva za zochitikazo kuchokera mu nyuzipepala. January 16, 1966 m'nyuzipepala ya "Pravda" inalembedwa lipoti lachipatala pa chifukwa cha imfa ya Mfumukazi. Anapezeka kuti adadwala kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo matenda akuluakulu ambiri adamuwombera nthawi yomweyo: rectum sarcoma, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, cerebral arterial sclerosis, ndi emphysema. Patsiku lino, Sergei Pavlovich anali ndi opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho, koma adamwalira chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima pa tebulo lopangira, popanda kuzindikiranso.