Gulu la machitidwe opaleshoni

Maziko a PC pulogalamu - dongosolo opaleshoni, ndiwo mndandanda wa utumiki ndi dongosolo mapulogalamu zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika zimachitika munthu kompyuta ndi chilango cha mapulogalamu ena. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi kumagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu zofunika computer, m'gulu BIOS, koma iye amachita monga kuthandiza a mapulogalamu mlingo wapamwamba - ntchito, komanso ambiri a ntchito. Ntchito machitidwe kompyuta monga chofunika ndi pamaso pa opaleshoni dongosolo pa litayamba mwakhama. Pamene chipangizo ndi kuwerenga kuchokera litayamba mwakhama ndiponso olembedwa kuti RAM ndi ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa otsitsira. Chifukwa chakuti tsopano pali machitidwe osiyanasiyana umalimbana kuthetsa zolinga zenizeni ndi wamba, mwachibadwa kuti pali gulu la machitidwe opaleshoni. Tiyeni, mu mawonekedwe mwachidule.

Gulu la machitidwe opaleshoni zimadalira kukhazikitsa yeniyeni ya ulamuliro ma aligorivimu ntchito ndi chuma kompyuta. Malinga purosesa ulamuliro aligorivimu akhoza lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika machitidwe opaleshoni pa chinthu chimodzi-tasking ndi Mipikisano tasking, Mipikisano purosesa ndi umodzi-purosesa, osakwatira, wosuta ndi Mipikisano wosuta, maukonde ndi makonsolo.

Gulu la machitidwe opaleshoni chiwerengero cha ntchito akuthamanga imodzi: osakwatiwa-tasking ndi Mipikisano tasking. Single-tasking dongosolo ntchito file kumatanthauza kulamulira, ulamuliro zipangizo zotumphukira, ndi interconnection njira, ndi owerenga. Kachitidwe Mipikisano tasking yodziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo mofanana osakwatiwa-ntchito, koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kuthamanga magawano, adagawa chuma: kukumbukira, purosesa, peripherals ndi owona.

Mitundu kachitidwe opaleshoni pa malo a ntchito multitasking: deta processing mu mktae mode, kachitidwe zenizeni nthawi ndi nthawi magawano. Cholinga cha machitidwe mtanda processing ndi ntchito kuti sitingafunikire kutero zotsatira kudya. cholinga chawo chachikulu ndicho kuthetsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito pa wagawo nthawi kapena pazipita bandiwifi. madongosolo otero kulola kukwaniritsa ntchito yapamwamba polimbana ndi yambiri mavuto, koma iwo kuchepetsa dzuwa la wosuta mu mode zokambirana. Timesharing dongosolo limatulutsa yaing'ono nthawi chikhato lililonse ntchito, kotero si ntchito limodzi kwa nthawi yaitali si kutenga purosesa. Ndi osachepera anasankha nthawi anakhoza kulenga maonekedwe kuphedwa munthawi yomweyo angapo mavuto. Ndi kutsitsa bandiwifi, madongosolo otero kulola wosuta ntchito bwino kwambiri mu mode zokambirana. zenizeni nthawi kulamulira machitidwe ntchito chinthu luso kapena ndondomeko.

Gulu la machitidwe opaleshoni chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa imodzi: multi- ndi umodzi-player. Mu oswerera angapo, aliyense wosuta amatha ikonza nokha dongosolo mawonekedwe, ie iwo ndi mwayi kulenga zolemba mwambo anu, makonda mtundu chiwembu ndi zina zotero. M'magulu ngati zimenezi, pali njira kuteteza mfundo mwayi wa anthu enanso.

Kukhalapo mu dongosolo zikutanthauza multiprocessor mudziwe processing ndi khalidwe lofunika, pogwiritsa amaoneka mu Net ware, Os / 2, Akazi NT.

Popeza ndife amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo Windows, ndiye inu mukhoza nkhawa ndi gulu lake. Choncho waukulu Windows machitidwe zikugwira ntchito, omwe ntchito ndi owerenga wamba, Windows 95, 98, NT, XP, Isanu ndi iwiri.