Horsehair - choonadi kapena nthano?

A mkangano waukulu za matenda sichitha lero. Mawu a pakamwa ndi retold zoopsa nthano ya mphutsi za likulowerera thupi pa kusamba ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali, kudya kuchokera mkati. Popular mphekesera ndinapereka tiziromboti lotchedwa "tsitsi kavalo" chifukwa kufanana kunja ndi tsitsi achilengedwe. Ndipo iwo amati, chipulumutso cha tsokali izi, palibe mankhwala sikungakuthandizeni kuno, ndi kupeza tiziromboti m'manungo zitha kukhala chiwembu tchire, kuwerenga pa munthu wodwala. Choncho, ndi chimene chiri "kavalo tsitsi" - Zimachitikadi Kapena Ayi?

Horsehair, kapena "moyo tsitsi" amatchedwa tiziromboti mphutsi, limene, mogwirizana ndi matsenga amakwawa pansi pa khungu la munthu pamene kusamba mu mtsinje. N'zoona thupi, "Tsitsi" wangayo, chimene chimayambitsa yakusanyika pikulu - ululu, mumamva kuyabwa pa thupi pali purulent matuza. Nthawi zina mabala a n'zotheka kuona nyongolotsi wokha, koma ndi kovuta kuchotsa izo - yomweyo amapita kwambiri mu zimakhala. Komabe, madokotala ndi asayansi sakuzindikira kuli chotero matenda, "kavalo tsitsi", ndipo itanani basi zoyambitsidwa. Pafupipafupi kuti zizindikiro zofanana, amene akutchedwa "moyo tsitsi", ndi makamaka ofunika matenda aliyense, "nsomba" kuti n'kosavuta pamene kusamba madzi zachilengedwe zambiri wodzala ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Kudzera puncture yaing'ono mwendo, iye achoka madzi mu minofu, amene akuyamba zamafinya zinangoti, limodzi ndi ululu ndi kuyabwa. Komabe, anthu ambiri osati kufuna chithandizo oyenerera, ayamba "kutulutsa" horsehair, kukhulupirira kuti iye amene anachita "dzenje" mwendo ndipo tsopano anakhala kumeneko. Ndipo mpaka pano sipanapezeke tiziromboti moyo momasuka madzi ndi wokhoza "kuukira" pa kusamba anthu, sayansi sanabadwe anatulukira.

Koma lodziwika bwino "horsehair" kwenikweni ndi zinachitika moyo. Nthawi zambiri mphamvu oopsa - kuthetsa anthu ndi kukwawa m'thupi lake, ndiye ndi amoyo nyama zonse zopanda mafupa nyongolotsi poyera Russia madzi - Nematomorpha (Nematomorpha). Akuluakulu kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 40 pa makulidwe a 3-5 mamilimita Mtundu - kuchokera woyera kuti woderapo. Anaonekeranso ichi, iye wotchedwa, pamaso ankaganiza ndi tsitsi weniweni, nakhalanso m'madzi. nyongolotsi Iyi ndi tiziromboti, koma wake "ambuye" - makamaka tizilombo. Nyongolotsi mphutsi, asanakhale munthu wamkulu, kawiri amasintha malo ake - poyamba anadzetsa thupi la aliyense wa okhala pansi, nthawi zambiri ndi joker, mphutsi za mayflies, etc., ndiye kusintha mwini chikuchitika pambuyo kachilombo tiziromboti njenjete amadya kwambiri. chachikulu tizilombo. Koma tsoka lake wasindikizidwa - mu thupi lake mphutsi adzakhala kwa mwezi umodzi, kupatula nthawi iyi mu wamkulu, ndi kuwasiya iwo, gnawing njira yotulukira kudutsa thupi lake. Nyongolotsi amakhala ku madzi, kusuntha mbali pa izo. Nematomorpha moyo wautali - zosaposa masabata 4. Panthawi imeneyi iwo wophatikizidwa ndi kuikira mazira, kenako awo mkombero moyo zikakwaniritsidwa. nyongolotsi wamkulu sadya - iwo kwina kwathunthu m'mimba dongosolo. Kotero kuti akuganiza kuti Angawasandutse kutafuna mu khungu anthu "dzenje" - zosaposa nthano chabe.

Tsitsi-m'chilimwe angapezeke mu madzi zonse zachilengedwe ataima madzi. Iwo Tingaone akuyandama mu ndime madzi, kapena kuwapeza pansi pa kudzikundikira lapansi. Nthawi zina asodzi kuti iwo mmadzi pamodzi ndi nsomba. Koma zoona hairworms zonse, zimene ife tikhoza kuwona mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja - kale akulu, ndi aliyense "khamu" iwo safuna. Lowani thupi tiziromboti zitha mwa dongosolo m'mimba - ndiko kuti, amafunika kumeza iwo tizilombo kachilombo. Nthawi zina mwini Nematomorpha usanakhale nkhono, nsomba ngakhalenso nyama (kuphatikizapo munthu), kumeza chonyamulira mphutsi mphutsi, koma milandu ndithu osowa, ndi chifukwa munthuyo si weniweni "bwana" wa mphutsi, ndiye achuluke thupi lake, iye anangonena sangakhoze ndi yafotokozedwa mu nkhani mantha zimayambitsa zoopsa mazunzo.

Komabe, pali tiziromboti m'dziko kwenikweni ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi lodziwika bwino "tsitsi kavalo". mbira matenda nyongolotsi, ndilo wothandizila causative wa mbozi parasitic matenda nyongolotsi ngati palibe wina kupsa limanena za "tsitsi la munthu", koma tiziromboti si kuyembekezera nyama kuukira ndi kudziluma kupita khungu lake. Infestation kumachitika mwa ntchito madzi Popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Matendawa asymptomatic mpaka tiziromboti umalandira kukula ndi akuyamba kuikira mazira. Kuchita izi, izo zimachokera pa thupi la munthu kuti malekezero m'munsi ndi gimlet khungu kutuluka kunja, kubweretsa mwiniwake zambiri uzunzidwadi. Chinthu chokha chimene tiyenera kuziganizira - tiziromboti imeneyi amakhala yekha m'madera ofunda kwambiri otentha sikukutanthauza kuopseza kulikonse kwa anthu a Russia.

Pali mtundu wina wa tiziromboti zomwe zingachititse zizindikiro zofanana ndi za matenda horsehair. Izi tiziromboti Dirofilaria matenda omwe si achilendo kwa munthu, koma nthawi zina zimachitika. Dirofilariasis - matenda imagwira makamaka nyama, canines, osachepera - ndi mphaka. onyamula ake ndi zabwinobwino udzudzu pamene iwo kuluma, ndipo kuti pali matenda. Kamodzi khamu m'magazi, Dirofilaria zimachokera thupi lonse, pang'onopang'ono kufika ku zotengera lalikulu magazi ndi mtima. Akuluakulu moyo mpaka kalekale mu ventricle lamanja la mtima, kuteteza magazi, kuchititsa zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, ndipo ngakhale clogging ziwiya ozungulira. Chithandizo cha matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri, ndi kokha muyeso ogwira mtima ndi kupewa - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa kupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.

zana zapitazo matenda anali osowa Russia, koma tsopano chikupezeka ngakhale m'madera ozizira. Munthu amakhala ndi kachilombo n'kovuta kwambiri, koma ngati zachitika, kungokhala ndi anthu zizindikiro zomwezo "horsehair". Ndi apano tiziromboti magazi zingabweretse kulikonse thupi ndi zina kayendedwe ka minofu ayamba nkhawa pamene pali ululu, kuyabwa kapena maganizo a pamaso pa thupi lina. Nthawi zina anafotokoza mankhwala tiziromboti anali pambuyo pa zimakhala za diso, pamene ena - kuchokera pansi pa khungu. Amagwa mu mnofu minofu, ndi ziwalo mkati, koma monga munthu - osati kwenikweni "bwana" wa Dirofilaria, ndiye mkombero moyo umabwera kwa mathero, ndipo thupi la tiziromboti ali encapsulated. Chithandizo cha mankhwala awa tsokali akhala kudziwika ndi matenda wakhala bwino kuphunzira, amene akunenera mwa gulu la "nthano".