Iogann Shtraus: yonena mwachidule ndi zilandiridwenso

Iogann Shtraus, amene yonena ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo mafani chakale - wotchuka Austria Wolemba, woyimba zeze, kondakitala, mbuye waukulu wa operetta Viennese Waltz ndi Viennese. Mu nkhani yake pafupifupi mazana asanu ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo kuvina (mazurkas, polkas, waltzes, etc.), zomwe wolemba anatha kukwera mlingo wokweretsa luso. Ntchito zawo Iogann Shtraus anadalira mwambo bambo, F. Schubert, J. Lanner, K. M. Vebera. Chifukwa symphonization Wolemba anapatsa munthu zithunzi Waltz, amene kutchuka zinachititsa kuti kukongola melodic mosavuta, chikondi kudzoza, modalira Austria folklore mzinda ndi mchitidwe wa m'banja nyimbo kupanga.

Banja Ioganna Shtrausa Jr.

Strauss Sr., bambo Johann, pa nthawi ina anayesa ntchito zoposa chimodzi, kupeza nokha nyimbo. A woyimba zeze luso, bungwe oketsra wake, limbikani kuvina nyimbo wolemera Austrians, iye ankachita nawo kulemba, kwambiri woyendayenda ndi gulu lake loimba ndipo linapereka mutu wa "Mfumu ya Waltz". Iye anawombera m'manja Brussels, London, Paris ndi Berlin; waltzes wake ali ndi zotsatira zamatsenga pa anthu.

Musicality wa banja Strauss

Kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi banja wolemba ndi kusamuka, amayenda nyumba wina ndi mzake, ndipo mpanda wa aliyense wa iwo anaona kubadwa kwa mwana watsopano. Mwana wamkulu Ioganna Shtrausa, Johann, nayenso, anabadwa mu Vienna pa October 25, 1825. Onse m'banjamo anali ndi ana asanu ndi awiri - onse a iwo anadzakhala oimba. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa mu mlengalenga homely wa Strauss nyimbo wakhala pano. oketsra rehearsals zambiri zinachitika mu chilengedwe kunyumba kuti anapatsa ana mwayi kuona mmene weniweni katswiri nyimbo amabadwa. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za ena mwa iwo kutsimikizira kuti Yosefe anakhala wochititsa oimba mu Strauss kuyambira 1853 ndi mlembi zidutswa otchuka loimba, Edward - ndi woyimba zeze, kondakitala ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito kuvina, ndipo mu 1870 - wolowa mmalo mwa malo wochititsa wa Johann bwalo mipira Viennese.

zaka zoyambirira Ioganna Shtrausa

Mwana wamkulu anali kuyimba mu kwaya ndi bambo anga adaona mafano, lomwe posapita nthawi ndikufuna kumenya. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mnyamata kale anali kusewera nyimbo zake kuti satsatira zofuna za makolo, chifukwa palibe iwo sanafune ana ake nyimbo za m'tsogolo. Johann Jr. anaphunzira pa Polytechnic School ndipo mobisika bambo ake katswiri chida choimbira. ndalama woyamba tsogolo Wolemba wake Strauss, amene yonena ali zambiri zokwera ndi zotsika mobwerezabwereza, anayamba kuphunzira kuimba limba, ndiye kulipira iwo maphunziro zeze. zoyesayesa makolo kuti kukopa achinyamata kuti banki analephera.

Strauss: okalamba ndi junior

Strauss Sr., azungu anayamba banja latsopano Mudali adakali ana asanu. Ndipotu kusamalira atate wake Johann analola kuti atsegule mu changu chake, choncho anayamba maphunziro, kubisala kenanso. Mu 1844, Johann anali kupereka ufulu kuchita woweruzayo Viennese ndi zaka 19 zakubadwa walenga Concert ake gulu loyimba akuchita ntchito zake. Pa ntchito yoyamba, amene wakhala diso kutsegula kwa anthu Viennese, Strauss Jr., amene yonena anali mizu okha Olympus nyimbo, zinatsimikizira kuti nyimbo zake akhoza kupikisana ndi nyimbo ya bambo ake, amene pa nthawiyo anali ndi zaka 40. Mwana kuchita anatsogolera Strauss Sr. wakwiya, ndipo ali ambiri kugwirizana pa malo okwezeka, anayesetsa zinthu zikhale zovuta kwa mwana wawo, zimene zinachititsa kuti zikamera pakati pa anthu mbadwa ya kuphana ndi nkhanza. Atate Komabe ankagwira pa zochitika zosangalatsa pa bwalo, mwana wake anasiya kuzindikira talente awo mu malo omwera ndi juga (awiri establishments yaing'ono Vienna). Pa nthawi yomweyo Strauss Sr. anayamba maukwati ndi mkazi wake woyamba, chifukwa mu incontinence mwana wamkulu wa ndi matenda ake onse bambo ake. The chifukwa anali mayesero Strauss Sr. phindu mu maukwati: banja lake, wosasiya cholowa ndipo palibe n'zodalirika. Pa siteji konsati, Johann Sr. komanso triumfoval, pamene gulu la oimba a mwana wake ankatulutsa moyo wovutika. Makamaka John Jr. kwambiri chidwi apolisi, amene anali zambiri za iye monga munthu kukhala wolowerera, zosafunikira ndi chiwerewere.

Strauss Wambiri: mwachidule

Mosayembekezeka kwa onse 1849, bambo ake anamwalira, kuposa Strauss Jr. anatsegula njira kuti dziko nyimbo ya Vienna, kupatula wotchuka gulu la oimba a wolemba lopambana popanda mawu wam'sankha monga wochititsa awo, ndi mapangano awo naye adapitiriza pafupifupi malo onse zosangalatsa mumzindawo. ntchito wolemba a panauka zikuchepa oposa: m'nyumba ya mfumu achinyamata 1852, wachita Strauss. Wambiri mwachidule anafotokoza mu mabuku ambiri nyimbo.

Mu 1854 wolemba akhazikitse ntchito zimasonyeza kupereka ndalama ndithu ndalama, anali akuluakulu a kampani Russian sitima, anamuitana kusewera mu wapamwamba Pavlovsk siteshoni ndipo paki, lomwe linaikidwa pa nyumba zachifumu. Iogann Shtraus, yaifupi yonena amene akambidwa mu mabuku ambiri mbiri music, kamodzi anavomera ndipo anapambana omvera m'dzikoli polkas awo ndi waltzes. zisudzo wake akhala anafika ku banja lachifumu.

moyo wa Wolemba ndi

Iogann Shtraus, amene yonena lonse moyo chikugwirizana ndi nyimbo anapulumuka romances ambiri mu Russia, koma chimwemwe m'banja opezeka Vienna. Mu 1862 anakwatira Henrietta Treffz Etti, mkazi wamkulu kuposa iye ndi zaka 7, yemwe anali ku "Mfumu ya Waltz" pa nthawi imeneyo, ana anayi aakazi atatu. Mkazi uyu sanali kokha mkazi wake. Etti (poyamba kuimba Henrietta Hallupetski) anali wolemba mlembi, namwino, malonda mlangizi ndi imasonkhezera nthawi yomweyo; Strauss pamene anakwera ngakhale apamwamba, ndipo mukukhulupirira mwa iwo okha. Mu 1863, mkazi ndi mwamuna wake anapita Russia, pamene Vienna anakolola kutchuka m'bale wake wa Yosefe, amene anakhala bwino -known wopeka nyimbo. Mu 1870, iye afa, ndi korona wa ulemerero wake, monga bambo amatenga pa Iogann Shtraus.

Wambiri mwachidule Omveka nthawi

Icho chinali heyday wa Woipeka. Panthawi imeneyi, Iogann Shtraus, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso ndi zogwirizana, amalenga ntchito yake yotchuka "nkhani ku Vienna Woods" ndi "The Blue Danube" choonetsedwa moyo wawo nyimbo ya Vienna ndi nyimbo walukidwa kuchokera zosiyanasiyana anthu okhala mumzindawo. Operetta Wolemba anayamba kulemba 70 ntchentche za m'ma XIX mchikakamizo cha Jacques Offenbach. Komabe, mosiyana operettas a French ndi yowala ladzala ndi sewero, kuvina mchitidwe umene umalamulira ntchito za Strauss. The operetta woyamba "enaake ndi Akuba Cincino" kunaoneka ndi omvera ku Austria kukulimbikitsani. nsonga Strauss wa zilandiridwenso mu mtundu wanyimbo ichi - "The Gypsy Baron" "Mwalirani Fledermaus". nyimbo Strauss ali wofunika kwambiri P. I. Chaykovsky, Brahms, Na Rimsky-Korsakov. Bwino padziko lonse woyambitsa wa ntchito Consolidated mu UK, France ndi United States; Wolemba anathamanga zikwi makumi awiri zana limodzi ndi oketsra mothandizidwa ndi kuthandiza kondakitala. Ngakhale kuvomereza chilengedwe, Iogann Shtraus (mbiri ndi ntchito ndi mwachidule anafotokoza mu mabuku ambiri pa nyimbo) anali nthawi zonse kukayikira ndi kusakhutira ndi mwini, ngakhale mayendedwe ake a ntchito angatchedwe ndi febrile, otanganidwa kwambiri.

kuzindikira lonse

Kutuluka bwalo kuchititsa Johann Strauss, yaifupi yonena amene akufotokoza mfundo zazikulu za ntchito yake, iye anapitiriza wokaona m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, bwinobwino anachita mu Moscow, St. Petersburg, London, Paris, New York, Boston. Kukula kwa revenues ake anathandiza kuti ntchito yomanga zake "mzinda yachifumu" ndi moyo wa mwanaalirenji. Panthawi inayake kayendedwe zimachitika pa moyo Ioganna Shtrausa anagogoda pa imfa ya mkazi wake wokondedwa ndi analephera ukwati chachiwiri ndi Ammayi Anzhelikoy Ditrih, amene anali wamng'ono Wolemba zaka 25. Ukwati nthawi yachitatu - pa Adeli Doych, 26 wazaka wamasiye ukwati amene anatembenuka kukhala osangalala, anabwerera Wolemba mu njira yake moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. mkazi wake wachitatu wa Iogann Shtraus, amene yonena ndi chidwi chenicheni mu m'badwo pano, odzipatulira kwa Waltz "Adele".

Mu 1885, madzulo a tsiku la 60 Wolemba, chomwe chinkachitika mokweza kuyamba wa operetta "The Gypsy Baron", yemwe anakhala tchuthi weniweni kwa anthu a Vienna, ndipo kenako anthu ena a dziko. Strauss, azungu wayesetsa kutsatira ndi mumaganiza nyimbo mu dziko la nyimbo, anaphunzira zapamwamba, kukhala bwenzi maestros monga List Ferents ndi Iogann Brams.

Iogann Shtraus, amene yonena ndi chidwi m'badwo wamng'ono anaganiza kuyesa dzanja lake pa opera; mu 1892, kuyamba kwa "Knight Pasman" analemba opera, ndipo Baibulo kuyambirira wa kuvina "Cinderella" anali yosatha kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1898. Pamaso kuyamba ake Wolemba ali Sunakhalepo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wolemba a

kupambana Strauss si nthawi zonse pamwamba pa kutenga wolemera: palinso anali kugwa. Choncho, operetta "Kuwotcha Blut" nako kupambana monga ntchito m'mbuyomu, ndipo inawonongeka ochepa okha a zoperekedwa. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Strauss, amene yonena ndi chidwi zambiri admirers wake, anakhala mu seclusion, anali kubisalira m'nyumba mwake, ndipo nthawi kusewera ndi anzake mu dziwe. Pa nthawi ya chikumbutso 25 wa operetta "Mwalirani Fledermaus" nakopa Wolemba kuiperekeza pamene overture. Ichi chaoneka maonekedwe ake otsiriza, Iogann Shtraus ozizira ndi chibayo. Mwina wolemba anali presentiment cha imfa yake, munthawi ya kutsitsimuka mkazi wake anamva iye kung'ung'uza mawu sadzachitanso lomveka: "Ndi zabwino, abwenzi anga, kubwera ndi mapeto." nyimbo iyi linalembedwa ndi mphunzitsi Johann Yozefom Drekslerom. Strauss anaphedwa a Adele June 3, 1899. Vienna anamupatsa, ngati Strauss Sr. kamodzi, odzitukumula maliro. Manda a Wolemba ali pakati manda a geniuses ena nyimbo: Brahms, Schubert ndi Beethoven.