IZH-12, 12 likungosonyeza: makhalidwe. IZH Model

Today mu masitolo kwa alenje angapeze zosiyanasiyana mfuti zabwino kunja. Koma nthawi zina malire a maloto mnyamata aliyense anali Soviet mfuti Izhevsk mbewu. Pa limodzi la awa - IL-12 - Today tikambirana. Tiyeni tipeze chimene ndi makhalidwe izi ziwiri mbiya "vertikalka" (mbiya wina ali pamwamba pa ena) choncho akadali mwangwiro akutumikira alenje. Ndipo tithandizeni ife mu deta izi luso ndi ndemanga za ogwiritsa weniweni.

kamangidwe

Bakuman mwamtheradi chabe ankaiphwasula m'magulu zazikulu zitatu: chipika makungwa, wolandila ndi mkono. Kuti tichite zimenezi, basi ayenera kuchotsa otchedwa kumapeto ndipo anagona ku mbali imodzi mpaka kugwira loko ndalezo. manja adzakhala wophatikizidwa mbiya ndi wolandila ndi mphanga ya. 12 likungosonyeza mbiya kutalika 720 mm. Ali ndi chrome njira ndi 70 millimeter chipinda. Ndi mtundu zitsamwitsa mbiya amatanthauza poluchokam, ndipo chachiwiri - kuti chokam. Makungwa mfuti IL-12 (12 n'zotsimikizira), makhalidwe amene apita patsogolo pa kuloŵedwa m'malo - IL, 59 "Satellite", chikugwirizana ndi mzake n'kupanga mezhstvolnymi, ndege choimirira. "Sputnik" Vuto yaikulu inali pa mpirawo makungwa kunjenjemera, ndi olondola ndipo anali okayikitsa. Thunthu chapamwamba ndi nthiti ndi pamaso kutsogolo. The grooves lateral zowalamulira migodi wokwera Sola Sola thunthu awiri.

chipika wolandila

Chipika wolandila ndi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndipo kwambiri ankadula kuwaganizira breech. Kumbali m'munsi pali mazenera awiri - chifukwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ngowe grenade. Okonda grooves pushers amasankhidwa pa mumtima makoma mbali ya PAD wolandila. minga awo kunsana bwanji zikhomo nyundo pa mfuti ija. Khumudwitsidwa PAD ali mipata awiri anakonza obliquely, chifukwa zikhomo. Pa nsana pa chipika wolandila ndi shank ndi sear ndi lama fuyusi.

zimagwirira zungulira

limagwirira imeneyi ili ndi kugwirizana kwambiri kwa thunthu wagawo ndi mpirawo bokosi. Pamafunikanso Mzere yotakata ndi zungulira masika, ndi olamulira a lanu ndalezo mwachindunji. Kutseka mfuti ku IL-12 (12 n'zotsimikizira), makhalidwe amene tiganizire lero, osakwatiwa. Iwo ikuchitika kachingwe mtanda anagunda kagawo ili pa mbedza kumbuyo.

Limagwirira yowotcha

Mtundu wa limagwirira - choyambitsa. Kurki ali ndi mthunzi, chimene chili chofunika kuti omenya pambuyo pomenya phunziroli anabwerera m'mbuyo ziyangoyango chishango. Akasupe ndi cylindrical koyilo dongosolo. Iwo angathe kupereka kunyema odalirika kapisozi, mu kutentha subzero, pamene ambiri kale kuganizira za yozizira kusakasaka.

The choyambitsa ndi lama fuyusi

Choyambitsa mfuti IL-12 (12 n'zotsimikizira), makhalidwe amene ali otchuka chikukhudza: m'munsi, awiri kunong'ona ndi awiri akapsa. mfutiyo ndi zida ndi zipangizo wapadera - Interceptor, amene amapatula kuthekera kwa kuwombera mu chochitika kulephera kwa choyambitsa ndi cocking popanda kukoka choyambitsa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti IL-12, asilikali amenewa akupezeka yekha pa mfuti mtengo. Lama fuyusi ndi sanali basi, koma amachita ntchito yake - sankalimbana nafe Amatseka ndi sear. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chitsanzo atsopano a mfuti zina, atathana ndi mafyuzi basi. Mfuti akhoza kusalaza mbadwa choyambitsa / choyambitsa.

Bedi ndi mkono

The bedi ali ndi mfuti mawonekedwe ndi unapangidwa mumamera kapena mtedza, monga otchedwa kumapeto, yomwe limachokera ufa kwambiri. Pa ena zitsanzo, kuika mkono umene uli m'gulu la alenje lotchedwa "Beaver mchira". Iwo ali thicker mawonekedwe, amene ali ndi ubwino mphamvu ya kapangidwe ndi. The ergonomics bedi woyeneradi makamaka zabwino ndemanga alenje. Ndi yosavuta ndi zomveka, koma pa nthawi yomweyo odalirika. Chifukwa cha kaonedwe kabwino wa mfuti mosavuta ntchito.

Kupanga ndi kupambana

Kuwonjezera IL-12 chitsanzo 12 n'zotsimikizira, linalinso mabuku a IL-12 16 n'zotsimikizira. Makhalidwe a kusinthidwa lino si mwapadera kuyambira ngwazi za taphunzira. Chachikulu kusiyana linachokera ku dzina la - chinawonjezeka likungosonyeza. IZH-12 serially amapangidwa kuchokera 1963 mpaka 1974. Panthawi imeneyi, mbewu ya mifuti 312 zikwi zinalembedwa. 129 000 a iwo apita malire a Soviet Union. Sikuti Soviet, komanso alenje yachilendo anayamikira mfuti IL-12 (12 n'zotsimikizira). Makhalidwe mfuti kumulola kuti tikwaniritse ziwawa kugunda. Bzalani anaonetsetsa kuti pamene zipolopolo pa 75 centimeter chandamale kachigawo nambala 5 mtunda wa mamita 35 molondola 52% ya nkhondowo wa thunthu m'munsi ndi 56% - kuchokera pamwamba. Komanso, Mlengi ananenanso kuti mankhwala ndi "moyo" akatemera osachepera 10 chikwi.

IL-12 masewerawo

Dziwani kuti pa nthawi imene boma la Soviet Union anali wotchuka kwambiri kuwombera, kapena kani, chithunzi masewera. Sport magulu anakonza oponya mivi wabwino. zigawo zambiri ntchito mfuti mtengo umodzi umene unali IL-12. Likungosonyeza Features, mitengo, kudalirika - mfundo zikuluzikulu posankha zida gawo. Kuyambira ndi muvi mfuti popanda mavuto kupereka 2 ndi Tinthu 3. Mu msampha makamaka luso muvi ndi mfuti IL-12 anakwanitsa kutenga udindo woyamba. Komabe, kuzungulira ndi pafupifupi palibe munthu akanakhoza. More mfuti mtengo sanali mu mabwalo onse ndi kuchotsa kokha othamanga kwambiri zingamuthandize.

IL 25

Constructors Izhevsk fakitale mwamsanga kufunika zibonga masewera mu bajeti, koma mfuti enieni maphunziro. Choncho, pamaziko a IL-12 inamangidwa mfuti yatsopano - IL 25, adali ndi choyambitsa mbedza. Chief mlengi chitsanzo ichi chinali luso zatsopano E. Gubin. Mfuti anali zosintha awiri; pakuti chonse (IC Index) ndi ngalande (malamulo cha ku Switzerland) waima. Lachitsanzo walandira kuzindikira osati mwa oyamba ndi Amateurs. ambuye monga L. Gurvich ndi Vladimir Gorelov, akwaniritsa ndi mfuti ili zotsatira mkulu pa mpikisano mayiko kwapakati.

Kuipa mfuti IZH-12

The drawback chachikulu cha mfuti - nthiti mosalekeza, zomwe kulemera pansi mbiya. A M'nyengo yotentha ndi mkangano ndi zimayambitsa fluctuation mpweya otentha, amene kumathandiza muvi cholinga. Handguard zimamuchulukira zina osokoneza. Koma zimenezi si zachilendo kwa mfuti, amene mkono ndi yofunika ufa mawonekedwe.

Tsopano, mwachidule tione ena odziwika chitsanzo cha Izhevsk chomera 12 likungosonyeza.

IL 18

Osakwatiwa-barreled mfuti otsatira ku chiyambi cha 60s ndi chitsanzo opangidwa IL 18 pa tsiku (12 n'zotsimikizira). Kaperekedwe chitsanzo monga: kulemera - za 2.8 makilogalamu; mbiya kutalika - 725 mamilimita; chipinda kutalika - 70 mamilimita kwa zaka ndi 76 zitsanzo atsopano. Mbiya si pamaso tsamba, pali ntchentche. Chipinda ndi anasenza Chrome-yokutidwa. Mfuti mosavuta disassembled patatu. Khosi la bokosi - mfuti. Childs, kama unapangidwa birch kapena mumamera. Bakuman IL 18, kupatula muyezo 12-TH, mwina gauges ena. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwa mfuti mbiya ndi kutalika adzakhala yosiyaniranapo.

IL 58

Izi ziwiri mbiya "gorizontalki" omwe anapangidwa mu 1958. Ena mwa Mabaibulo ake amapangidwa lero. Poyamba, chitsanzo anali kukhala yaing'ono likungosonyeza mfuti nsomba (20-28), koma kupanga mabuku a IL 58 opangidwa kwambiri (12 n'zotsimikizira). Makhalidwe mfuti kumulola kuti apeze mwayi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo IL 54 ndi IL-57. Bokosi mfuti zigwirizana ndi zitsulo okhwima, amene safuna processing kutentha pa msonkhano. M'malo zomangira zambiri kuti amafuna unsembe woyera, mu chitsanzo ichi, ife ntchito zikhomo. A kugwirizana zovuta za bokosi bokosi wakhala m'malo ndi yosavuta. Leaf akasupe n'kuyamba - kagwere yamphamvu. Mbiya anali olumikizidwa kwa chipika breech ndi muff-chimayendera.

IL 27

IZH-12 salankhula, komanso buku lake lachiwiri - IL 25. M'malo mwake, mu 1973 iye anayamba kufalitsa ziwiri mbiya ofukula chitsanzo cha IL 27 (12 n'zotsimikizira). Makhalidwe a mfuti Ichi ndi chosiyana kuchokera zinachitika ake. kusintha bwanji mawonekedwe forend ndi katundu, komanso mawonekedwe a bokosi pamphambano ndi Lodge. Ndipo pa chitsanzo anaika mpweya wokwanira nthiti. Baibulo limeneli amapangidwa pa fakitale Izhevsk lero. Palinso buku wapadera wa mfuti, anaikira oponya mivi benchi. Iye ankatchedwa Iz 39.

chitsanzo china anayamba pa maziko a IZH 27, wotchedwa IL-27E (12 n'zotsimikizira). Makhalidwe a Baibulo ili yodziwika ndi kukhala ndi ejector sipangakhalenso disengaged ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti, umene amapereka-zinayendera kuwombera ngati n'koyenera (m'munsi thunthu alternates ndi chapamwamba). Series kupanga masinthidwe imeneyi inayamba mu 1970.

IL 54

chitsanzo ichi ndi ziwiri mbiya mtundu gorizontalki vnutrikurkovogo. Lachitsanzo zofunika, amene anali chopangidwa mu 1949, anali IL 49 mfuti. Mu 1954 izo m'malo ndi mabuku a IL 54 (12 n'zotsimikizira). Zochita za mfuti: mbiya kutalika - 730 mamilimita kapena 750; zitsamwitsa - muyezo parabolic; chipinda kutalika - 70 mamilimita; m'mimba mwake wa anasenza - 18,5 mm. makungwa a okutidwa kunja ndi faifi tambala kapena chromium. Mabaibulo ena komanso Chrome-yokutidwa chipinda ndi kusenza. Kutseka mbiya - patatu. Choyambitsa ili pa maziko osiyana ndi zikuphatikizapo awiri akapsa. Kurki ali ndi mtundu kubwerera ndipo cocked mwa kutsegula mfuti.

IL 43

1986 m'malo mfuti IL 58 ziwiri mbiya kubwera gorizontalki IL 43 (12 n'zotsimikizira). ntchito chitsanzo ndi ofanana zinachitika, ndi kupatulapo ena mwa zinthu zofunika kamangidwe. konsekonse mtundu USM amalola chilichonse choyambitsa moto migolo onse. Front mbedza yowotcha lotsatira maulamulirowo "Chabwino-lamanzere" thunthu ndi kumbuyo - mosemphanitsa. limagwirira The komanso limalola kuwombera m'njira yosavuta kumva pamene chala lichitidwa inasamutsidwa kuchoka mbedza wina ndi mzake.

Pomaliza

mfuti Model IL-12 linali lofunika kwambiri mu chitukuko cha ulimi zoweta zida kusaka, kenako, masewera. Ndipo, monga momwe mayankho a owerenga wamba, izi ndi zoona. alenje Soviet kumbukirani ngati chida odalirika ndi siriyo makungwa ofukula njira ya yolusa ndi mtengo angagulidwe. Mpaka lero, ambiri ntchito mfuti IL-12 ndi Sapita kuyang'ana m'malo a. Ndi wapadera mogulitsa sitolo chitsanzo chidutswa kupanga kapena zimene zasintha kwa katundu. Izi zili bwino mu msika sekondale chidzakhala choyenera osachepera $ 600.