Kachisi wa Zeu komanso metopes ake

Tipita ulendo weniweni ndi kuwona zinthu zodabwitsa. Zinthu zatsopano, anapanga anapeza munthu. Atitsogolere akuyembekezera ulendo ndi zozizwitsa, dzanja la munthu. Kuyang'ana ena, n'zovuta kuganiza kuti chinthu choterocho n'zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia. Izi ndi zodabwitsa malo ogulitsa osati zomangamanga, komanso cholowa chikhalidwe Greece wakale. Kodi nthano ndi moyo, ndi khalidwe lawo ndi anabweretsedwa pamaso pa alendo kachisi. Koma chinthu chidwi kwambiri ndi miyala akale ndi kusunga chikumbukiro nthano amene amadziwika si aliyense.

Zozizwitsa zakale ndiponso zamakono

Mu chipembedzo chirichonse ndi chikhulupiriro ndi chiwerengero matsenga, amene akutchedwa katundu osiyana. Zikuphatikizapo atatu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi zinayi, khumi ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Izo posachedwapa anasankhidwa kudziwa za zomangamanga yabwino ya kalekale. N'zokayikitsa munthu amene sanamve za zisanu ndi ziwiri zodabwitsa za dziko. Izi zosaneneka nyumba mapulani a m'mbuyomu, ozunguza ukulu wake ndi chimwambo. Mu mndandanda Minda ya Babulo, Kachisi wa Artemi, ndi Mausoleum, ndipo ngakhale nyumba.

Chifukwa asanu ndi khumi Mwachitsanzo? mndandanda anali wasenza zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo, pamene anthu ankalambira milungu. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Apollo, izo anali m'gulu Seveni. Iwo amalankhula za ungwiro wa zimene zinaoneka anthu mulungu wa kuwala. China chotchedwa izo Febos, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "chowala, chonyezimira".

M'kupita kwa nthawi, patsogolo walola anthu kulenga latsopano dongosolo zachilendo. Lerolino, zodabwitsa opangidwa kuti amapezeka m'mayiko ambiri. Mwina ngakhale tsopano kwinakwake angamange nyumba yatsopano, umene kumenya malingaliro a anthu.

Milungu ya amakedzana

N'zovuta kunena kuti anthu analoledwa kukhala olemera, ophunzira ndi otukuka. Mwina, chikhulupiriro chawo anawapatsa mphamvu kusuntha kwa nsonga ungwiro.

Mu Greece kuti panali milungu ingapo kuti anthu ankalambira pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Pafupifupi aliyense chodabwitsa zachilengedwe zimachitika zochita zawo. Mulungu wa kumpoto mphepo Boreas, mwini dzuwa Apollo, Poseidon, mwini kuya nyanja. Iwo anali ambiri zolengedwa zongopeka, chachimuna ndi chachikazi.

Anthu ankakhulupirira kuti lokhala wosasangalala moyo wawo zidalira. Iwo anayesera kusangalatsa milungu, kuti amakhala mkwiyo wawo. Analenga malo a misonkhano, amene alandira zikwi kukhulupirira. Pa nthawi yonse ya m'nyumba yopatulika zinamangidwa, monga Kachisi wa Zeu ku Athens.

kapangidwe zazikulu

Mu zaka 471-456 BC. e. Linamangidwa kwachilendo zomangamanga ndi ukulu wa nyumbayi. Ichi ndi kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia, cholinga Libo, wazomangamanga la Greece. Zikwi ankabwera kuno kukhotetsa maondo anu ndi mupemphere kwa Mulungu kuti atikhululukire machimo.

Today n'zovuta moti kuzindikira ukulu wa nyumba iyi. Koma mwamwayi lero anasunga zidutswa ambiri. Asayansi, olemba mbiri ndi ofukula kuphunzira zolemba zakale Greek Pausanias, anatha recreate mawonekedwe kuti poyamba anali ndi Kachisi wa Olimpiki Zeus.

pediments

Ngati ife akanakhoza kuyang'ana pa nyumbayi m'masiku amenewo, pamene kuwala kwakukulu wake, sizingatheke kuyang'ana kumbali. Kodi ena mwa gables ake. Ichi ndi kumalizidwa kwa wapakamwa wa nyumbayi, yomwe okha ndi arches denga ndi eaves n'kupanga mawonekedwe triangular.

Kumadzulo, Kachisi wa Zeu ku Greece ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula za nkhondo pakati pa Centaurs ndi Lapiths. Malinga ndi nthano, anthu a Thessaly anatiitana ku phwando la ukwati wa anansi ake. Koma centaur woledzera anaganiza kuba mkwatibwi kuposa anakwiyitsa fuko lake. kulimbana Kenaka anayamba, imene adagonja ndi Lapiths. Chidutswa chimenechi amusankha mwangozi. Kwa Agiriki akale anali mwini wake wa chigonjetso cha chitukuko pa umbuli ndi nkhanza.

Kum'mawa ndi chokongoletsedwa mu kalembedwe osiyana. Apa izo zinasonyeza nthano za Polepose ndipo anawonongeka ndi dzanja lake Mfumu Oenomaus. Chiwerengerochi akuoneka kukhala malo amodzi, ndipo zili kutali Chrixitu. Azambiriyakale timakonda kukhulupirira kuti zidutswa ziwiri izi ankachiritsa ambuye osiyana.

metope

Nthawi zambiri kumtunda kwa nyumbayi ali chokongoletsedwa ndi chingwe cha slabs mwala ndi triglyphs. Woyamba kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi reliefs. mbale awa akutchedwa metopes. Masiku ano, ena a inu mukhoza kuwona nyumbayi mu Greece, koma ambiri a iwo anali mu Louvre.

metopes zonse za kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia ogwirizana ndi mutu umodzi - khumi ndi awiriwo ntchito ya Hercules. khalidwe anasankhidwa. Kwa Agiriki akale izo zochuluka anatanthauza mwamuna wanzeru kugonjetsa zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi zosamvetsetseka zoipa. Images anakonza kuti aulendo anayamba ndi kufotokoza woyamba ndi cheke lomaliza. awa zapadera mapulani amasangalatsa onse anali chabe pokonzekera masomphenya a zokopa waukulu.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa Kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia (zithunzi zojambula), mungaone kuti ena metopes ake anatambasula vertically. Ambiri mwina, anali maganizo wamanga. Anafuna kumanga ukulu pazipita, chilakolako ena m'mwamba.

Zodabwitsa dziko

Ngakhale ukulu wonse wa zomangamanga ake amayamikira kwambiri woyenera ngati fanolo, yomwe inali mkati. Kachisi wa Zeu ku Athens, osati ulemu kukhala chozizwitsa cha dziko. Ngakhale kuti anakhala malo zoterozo.

Pakati pa kumanga pa mpando wachifumu waukulu anakhala Zeus. Zinali fano la 15 mamita. Tangoganizirani kutalika kwa nyumba ndi apansi anayi.

Zeus anayang'ana uku: chachikulu, muli ndi maso moto. Onse wamanga wakhala akwaniritsa mothandizidwa ndi kuwala, amene refracted malo oyenera, ndi kuphimba nkhope ya fanolo. Zonse za thupi liri a golidi, ndi mpando wachifumu wa mkungudza ndi ebone. Mutu wa mulungu pafupifupi wokhudza denga la nyumba.

Tayang'anani pa iye anabwera kuchokera pa dziko lonse lapansi. Anthu wamba ndi olamulira kwambiri. choonetsedwa Zimenezi zitanthauza palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika. Ndipo anali wooneka kwambiri mwa zinthu sayansi Agiriki akale.

Oyang'anira oyendayenda ambiri anagwa lathyathyathya pa nsana wake ataona fanolo. Ena nthawi yaitali kuti afike ku mapazi ake, ndi mantha kuyang'ana mu maso a yoopsa Zeus.

mbiri zovuta

Mlembi wa nyumba imeneyi chachikulu wakhala Phidias - ziboliboli ku Athens. Osati kuti kuonedwa ndi kukula, iwo unalengedwa nyumba yaikulu. Magawo ndi chimodzi kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia. Iye anagwira ntchito ngati wolemba ndi m'bale wake ndi mwana.

Kenako, thunthu chinaperekedwa ku anaukitsidwa angapo. Kuti okha anapulumuka zivomezi, mphezi. Osati kamodzi anaba ndi mapeto golide.

Mfumu ya Aroma anatsimikiza kunyamula Zeus, pamodzi ndi zokopa zina, umboniyo kuti atagonjetsa. Koma ngati nkhaniyi ikupitirira, pamene antchito anabwera ku kachisi, thunthu anayamba kuseka mokweza. Kwambiri mantha, iwo anathawa mbali zonse. Mwachibadwa, pambuyo pake palibe munthu Anaona kuti apereke pofuna wina.

Pamene Chikhristu chinayamba atchukitsa, ndipo iye wapanga ena kuchira, akachisi achikunja anayamba kutseka. Ena marekodi a nthawi imeneyo amadziwika kuti fano anagwidwa Constantinople. Ndipo apo izo anawonongedwa ndi moto, chifukwa chimango wake wonse unali nkhuni.

mipingo ina

Osati kokha kachisi wa Olimpiki Zeu anali ngale malo. M'minda ya mzinda ili malo opatulika a Hera Hippodamia. Pali anapangidwa kuchokera phulusa la nyama yansembe guwa la Zeus.

Atazunguliridwa ndi munda wa bwaloli kuti Games Olympic: masiteji, mjaha, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zisudzo. nyumbazi inali ku semicircle a. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi zifaniziro za milungu ndi ngwazi za nthawi. Kumbuyo iwo anamangidwira semicircle wina. Awa anali mipando kwa masewera. Panali phwando ndi malonda. Pa Games, Olympia anali lidzasinthidwa msika chachikulu. Zikwi za anthu anasonkhana malo amodzi - anali malonda kwambiri.

zokumbidwa pansi

Kwa zaka zambiri, pang'ono ankadziwika za mzinda lodabwitsa. Onse amene watsegula maso a anthu - ndi mizati ochepa ndi mpanda. Akudutsa, mukhoza kuona kuti pokhapokha ngati nyama kuti anayenda mabwinja a malo kamodzi kwambiri. Zafukulidwa ikuchitika yekha m'zaka za m'ma XIX. French ofukula pakuti kachisi wa Zeu ku Olympia anatsegula zingapo metopes ake ndi tsinde.

Kenako, akuluakulu a Greek asankha kuchita zofukulidwa mwakhama. Pofunafuna ulendo ndipo anapeza kuchokera ofukula German. mgwirizano yosainidwa: onse kuti iwo ali, ndi chilamulo, ndine Greece. Kotheka poyera pang'ono. Choncho, anthu ochepa kwambiri moyo kenako anawona Kachisi wa Olimpiki Zeus - zithunzi wake ndi zojambula yekha.

Akatswiriwa anapanga kwambiri khama potsiriza tione mwatsatanetsatane mtunda, iye kukhala khadi. poyamba akachisi wosadziwika, nyumba kwa Games Olympic anatseguka. Iwo anapeza ntchito yapadera luso ndi zolemba wapatali.

Pediments kachisi wa Zeu, fano la Kupambana, "Herme ndi Infant Diyonisiyo," ntchito ya Praxiteles - zonse izi zosaneneka sculptural zolengedwa.

atulukira sangokhala kokha kunapangitsa kuphunzira chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi luso. marekodi ambiri akhala anapeza zofukulidwa kuunikira okhudza ndale Greece wakale.

powona

Ziribe kanthu momwe ife kufotokoza ufumu ndi zomangamanga chosasimbika nthawi muganizire zimene kwenikweni zosatheka. No zithunzi kapena zithunzi singagwire kumverera pamene inu muwona zinthu zonse kwenikweni.

Scott m'mlengalenga, amaona zaka zakubadwa "Mpweya" wa makoma, kupita ku Athens. Kachisi wa Olimpiki Zeus ukufanizidwa ndi mizati khumi ndi maziko. Pabwalopo pofukula mukhoza kuona Roma osambirapo, ndi tchalitchi cha m'ma V.

Zingatanthauze kuti mwina chidwi miyala. Khalani m'maganizo pang'ono. Taganizirani zimene zinachitika iwo akumana, anthu ena aona. Kukhudza dziko lapansi lakale. Akuti miyala kusunga nkhani zonse analandira mu nthawi yaitali kukhalapo. Mungafunike kutsegula zobisika zawo ndi zodabwitsa.