Kandalama isomers - kuti

M'nkhani ino tikambirana isomers structural, makamaka dongosolo lawo mitundu ya isomerism. Tikatha kupenda mwatsatanetsatane chodabwitsa isomerism, ndipo kupatsidwa zitsanzo za ntchito pa moyo wawo.

Chodabwitsa isomerism

Isomerism - chochitika chapadera, predetermining kuli mankhwala. mankhwala, anthu ambiri - mankhwala isomer ndi nyimbo zofanana ndi zolemera maselo maatomu kukhala kusiyana mu dongosolo atomiki danga kapena dongosolo awo, kuwatsogolera kusintha ndi kupeza chosiyana, katundu watsopano. Kandalama isomers - ndi zinthu anapanga chifukwa kusintha zoterozo mu malo ya ma atomu awo danga, tikambirana pansipa mwatsatanetsatane.

Ponena za isomerism, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuli ngati njira, monga isomerization, amene ndi ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa isomer wina ndi mzake chifukwa cha mankhwala a. kusinthika.

mitundu ya isomerism

Isomerism valence - mtundu isomer dongosolo, mmene omasulira isomers okha (wina ndi mzake) ndi zotheka chifukwa cha kusokonekera kumangidwa valence.

Isomerism zili ndi mtundu womwewo wa zinthu mpweya mafupa koma osiyana functionalities malo. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi asidi 2- ndi 4-chlorobutane.

Interclass isomerism Wobisa kusiyana kwake pakati pa isomers mu chikhalidwe cha magulu zinchito.

Metamerism - kufalitsidwa udindo wa maatomu mpweya pakati pa chiwerengero cha ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira mpweya, heteroatom mamolekyulu akutumikira olekanitsa. Mtundu wa isomerism khalidwe la amines, thioalcohols, esters, onse yosavuta zovuta.

Isomerism mpweya mafupa - akutsutsidwa malo mpweya maatomu, ndi yeniyeni kuti awo. Mwachitsanzo: phenanthrene ndi anthracene ndi chilinganizo ambiri S14N10, koma mtundu wosiyana wa kusokonekera kumangidwa valence.

isomers structural

Kandalama isomers - ndi zinthu ndi dongosolo chimodzimodzi pawiri wa chilinganizo, koma amasiyana chilinganizo maselo. Kandalama isomers - mtundu uwu wa zinthu, zomwe ndi zofanana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu nyimbo kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe, koma dongosolo la atomiki kogwirizana (mankhwala kapangidwe) ali kusiyana.

isomers kandalama anawagawira ndi mtundu isometric dongosolo, mitundu imene apatsidwa pamwamba m'ndime pa mitundu ya isomerism.

Kandalama chilinganizo isomer mankhwala ali osiyanasiyana zosintha. Zitsanzo za isomerism akhoza kukhala zinthu monga asidi butanoic, asidi 2-methylpropanoic, methyl propionate, dioxane, ethyl nthochi, isopropyl formate ndi zofanana zikuchokera mitundu itatu maatomu lopangidwa ndi zinthu, koma amasiyana ndi malo maatomu mu mpanda wa.

Chitsanzo china chapadera cha isomerism - ndi kukhalapo kwa pentane, neopentane ndi isopentane.

Mayina a isomers

Monga tanena kale, structural isomers - ndi zinthu ndi dongosolo chimodzimodzi pawiri wa chilinganizo, koma amasiyana chilinganizo maselo. mankhwala oterowo gulu Chofanana mbali ya katundu wawo, kapangidwe ndi udindo wa maatomu mu isomer molekyulu, kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa magulu zinchito valence kumangidwa, pamaso pa maatomu a chinthu makamaka mu thunthu, etc. Mayina structural isomers analandira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha 3-methylbutanol 1 monga nthumwi alcohols.

Mu nkhani ya alcohols mu yokonza alcohols maina onse akuyamba ndi masankhidwe a unyolo mpweya umene uli wamphamvu, manambala ndi ikuchitika, cholinga chimene - gawo HA gulu la anthu ochepa zotheka manambala anapatsidwa dongosolo. Dzina lokha anayamba chisiyana ndi unyolo mpweya, kenako dzina la dera chachikulu, ndiyeno anawonjezera suffix-ol komanso manambala amasonyeza kuti mpweya atomu amakondanso gulu HA.