Kapangidwe ka m'mapapo anthu

mapapo anthu chimodzi cha ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ofunika linakhalapo. Kupuma zikuwoneka zosadabwitsa, koma pamene izo mu thupi lathu pali njira zovuta kuti kuonetsetsa umoyo wathu. Kumvetsetsa izo, muyenera kudziwa kapangidwe ka m'mapapo.

Pa kupuma mpweya umadutsa bronchi awiri, omwe ndi dongosolo losiyana. Kumanzere yaitali kuposa kumanja, koma kawirikawiri thupi yachilendo akulowa dongosolo kupuma mwa bronchus bwino. Matupi awa ndi ramifications. Pa kulowa mu m'mapapo lamanja nthambi patatu, ndipo anachoka 2 chiwerengero womwe ndi chiwerengero cha lobes m'mapapo.

Kapangidwe ka mapapo imavuta kwambiri, chifukwa mkati iwo bronchi nthambi mu ambiri yaing'ono segmental bronchi. Iwonso pochitika mu lobular bronchi m'gulu la lobules a m'mapapo. N'zovuta kulingalira momwe dongosolo la mapapo, posadziwa mmene lobular bronchi ndi mwa iwo (pali 1000). Vnutridolevye bronchi ndi ku nthambi 18 (osachiritsika bronchioles) amene alibe malinga awo chichereŵechereŵe. Izi bronchioles osachiritsika kupanga structural chigawo cha kuunika - acinus.

Kapangidwe ka m'mapapo ndi yosavuta kuphunzira, pozindikira zimene ndi acinus. Izi wagawo structural ndi kuchuluka kwa alveoli (opangidwa kuchokera ku kupuma bronchioles). Makoma awo ndi mpweya kuwombola chuma gawo lapansi, ndi malo pa inhalation wathunthu akhoza kufika 100 sq.m. The Tambasula yaikulu pamwamba kupuma zidzachitika thupi.

Bronchopulmonary gawo ndi gawo la m'mapapo Lobe, amene mpweya wokwanira bronchi 3 dongosolo la nthambi Lobe bronchus. Aliyense ali osiyana broncho-mtima pedicle (mtsempha wamagazi ndi bronchus). Kapangidwe Segmental ya phapo zaululidwira mu njira ya mlingo wa chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi opaleshoni. Ufulu m'mapapo 10 zigawo, ndi lamanzere - 8. Chifukwa chakuti chinapezeka mu Chigawo cha zigawo m'mapapo mwanga bronchopulmonary, kunakhala kotheka kuchotsa mbali anakhudzidwa thupi ndi kuteteza pazipita ziwalo wathanzi.

Mu thupi ili pakati pa kali zotsatirazi: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, nthiti. Mu mediastinum ndi otchedwa "zipata". Kudzera mwa iwo, mapapu bronchi, mitsempha, ndi mitsempha, ndi kusiya ziwiya lymph ndi mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga. nyumba zonsezi otchedwa "muzu wa phapo."

Mapapo anasiyanitsidwa grooves zinandivuta osiyana ndi zotalika. Iwo amagawira minofu kwa mapapo okha pachipata. Pali 3 Lobe ya m'mapapo bwino (pansi, pamwamba, pakati) ndi 2 kumanzere (m'munsi, pamwamba). M'munsi lobes ndi yaikulu.

Kapangidwe ka kuwala adzakhala chosakwanira ndipo kukusalani choipidwa pleura kuti kuphimba dera lililonse m'mapapo ndi maonekedwe muzu "parietal ukukamba" kumalumikiza mpanda wa M'mimbamo thoracic. Ili therebetween anatumbula ngati M'mimbamo, gawo la wotchedwa sinuses (ili pakati parietal wosanjikiza). Lalikulu pleural nkusani ankaona costophrenic (zosavuta m'mphepete imagwera pa kudzoza).

Kapangidwe mosavuta zinangokhalako zinkachitika mu iwo pa kupuma. Mu thupi ili 2 kusiyanitsa dongosolo mtima: a yaing'ono bwalo (ongokhala mitsempha ndi mitsempha, nawo kuwombola mpweya), lalikulu kufalitsidwa (ongokhala mitsempha bronchial ndi mitsempha m'dipatimenti magazi wolumikizira kwa kagayidwe ndi moyo thandizo mapapo okha). Ndi chikhalidwe cha zawo nthambi mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga ofanana mtsempha wamagazi, koma amasiyana masiyanidwe awo. Iwo ali gwero la capillary lobules network interlobular connective minofu, bronchial machubu ndi pleura choipidwa. Chifukwa Intaneti capillary anapanga mitsempha interlobular merging pamodzi. Anthu anapanga mitsempha zikuluzikulu anakafika pafupi bronchi ndi. Ya chilungamo ndi mitsempha segmental aliyense kuwala mitsempha awiri anapanga: chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi (makulidwe awo zimasiyana kwambiri). Iwo usathe mu atrium kumanzere.

chiwerengero cha mitsempha bronchial ndi impermanent. Iwo ranges kuchokera 2 6. 50% ya milandu ya anthu 4 bronchial mitsempha anakafika uniformly lamanzere ndi lamanja waukulu bronchus. Iwo sali okha mitsempha ya bronchi ndi amapereka nthambi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mediastinum lapansi. Yambani mitsempha ufulu ili mu minofu ya kum'mero ndi trachea, kapena pansi kutsogolo (pakati mwanabele). mtsempha wamagazi Kumanzere ili mu minofu pansipa trachea ndi pansi pa Chipilala kung'ambika. Mkati mtsempha wamagazi ndi m'mapapo ndi mu minofu pamodzi bronchi ndi, nthambi kunja, amathandiza mwachindunji mu kotunga magazi kwa ena ziwalo zake pleura. Mu bronchioles kupuma, iwo anataya chikondi chawo chololera mtengo muyende mu dongosolo capillary.

Onse mitsempha ya m'mapapo kugwirizana ndi mzake. Kuwonjezera maukonde ambiri capillary ndi kusiyanitsa vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting kufalitsa awiri.

Dongosolo lymphatic tso chachikulu Intaneti capillary plexus ziwiya lymphatic mkati limba, ziwiya efferent, intrapulmonary ndi extrapulmonary lymph mfundo. Kusiyanitsa kungotengeka ndi mwakuya lymphatics.

Gwero innervation a m'mapapo - plexus mitsempha makungwa mediastinal popangidwa ndi nthambi za chifundo, vagus, msana ndi misempha phrenic.