Kodi galimoto hybrid? Kopindulitsa kwambiri Zophatikiza Magalimoto

magalimoto Zophatikiza pang'ono ndithu anapitiriza kulimbana malo pa msika magalimoto lonse. Kotulukira kutchuka zitsanzo ngati ndi kupanga zimathandiza cholinga ndithu zifukwa - likunena kuwuka kwa dizilo ndi mafuta, kumayambiriro amafuna kuyeza zambiri ntchito ndi mtengo-Mphamvu ya mfundo yatsopano chilengedwe cha injini mitengo.

Zophatikiza Magalimoto: Ndi chiyani icho?

"Zophatikiza" mu Latin - chinthu analandira chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe zinthu za chiyambi sakanikira. Mu dziko la sayansi magalimoto mwa lingaliro ili monga osakaniza mitundu iwiri ya powertrains. Iyi ndi injini mkati kuyaka (Ice) ndi magetsi galimoto (zina - mota, wothinikizidwa mpweya). Mu galimoto lamakono opanga oyamba kachitidwe wanzeru kasamalidwe mphamvu.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zomera mphamvu ya hybrids magalimoto - zonse (zonse hybrids) ndi opepuka (wofatsa hybrids). Njira yoyamba ikukhudza akuphunzitsa wamphamvu magetsi galimoto galimoto, mogwira wophatikizidwa ndi injini kuyaka mkati ndipo amatha kupereka kayendedwe ka makina pa liwiro otsika. Baibulo Lite ya galimoto magetsi kwapatsidwa kokha ntchito Kuthandiza.

A kochepa ulendowu mu mbiriyakale

Woyamba kupanga hybrid magalimoto "Toyota" (Toyota Prius liftback) anabwera pa msonkhano mzere zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, mu 1997. Patapita zaka ziwiri, "Honda" wakhala anayambitsa chitsanzo Insight, ndipo patapita kanthawi opanga Japanese agwirizana European ndi American galimoto zimphona - "Ford", "Audi", "Volvo", "BMW". Ndi 2014, chiwerengero cha hybrids anagulitsa zombo anawoloka seveni miliyoni akukula.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti mkati kuyaka injini ndi magetsi galimoto mu awiri udachita okha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XX. Woyamba wa avtogibridov timamvera panopa anali Lohner-Porshe Semper Vivus - galimoto cholinga ndi lodziwika bwino Austria mlengi Ferdinand Porsche kumbuyo mu 1900.

Mapulani a zosagwiritsa hybrid

kufanana

Galimoto imene dera kufanana akuyendera, ndi injini atongi wa poyatsira mkati. Wamphamvu magetsi galimoto n'chofunikira yothandizira, kuphatikizapo pa mathamangitsidwe kapena braking, mphamvu regenerative ndi m'matangadza. The kugwirizana kwa injini mkati kuyaka ndi galimoto magetsi amaperekedwa ndi dongosolo kulamulira kompyuta.

amacita

Chithunzi zosavuta galimoto wosakanizidwa. Mfundo zake za ntchito zachokera kufala kwa makokedwe kuchokera mkati jenereta kuyaka injini, amapanga magetsi anapatsa batire. Machine zoyenda amaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya magetsi sitima.

wosanganiza

Yankho munthawi yomweyo kuzindikira ija ndi madera yomweyi. Kupita ku malo zokwawa pa liwiro otsika, galimoto amagwiritsa samatha magetsi, ndi mkati kuyaka injini amapereka jenereta. Magalimoto pa liwilo kumachitika chifukwa kufala kwa makokedwe kuchokera mkati injini kuyaka kwa magudumu pagalimoto. Pamaso pa katundu mkulu kupereka magetsi wothandiza mphamvu zimatengera pa batire la. Mogwirizana ya galimoto magetsi ndi mkati injini kuyaka zimatheka ndi zida m'mapulaneti.

ubwino

A galimoto hybrid Chili ubwino ndi galimoto magetsi ndi makina ndi injini. Ubwino wa galimoto za - makokedwe kwambiri makhalidwe monga eni injini kuyaka - mafuta madzi ndi yabwino mphamvu gwero. Woyamba ogwira akafuna oyima pafupipafupi ndi kumayamba, mmene mzinda galimoto, wachiwiri - pa liwiro zonse. ubwino angatsutse wa tandem izi:

• Mwachangu (kwa mothamanga chomwecho cha hybrid mafuta 20-25% poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chakale);
• mkulu mphamvu malo;
• zachilengedwe (yafupika kuchuluka kwa zoipa mpweya mu mlengalenga mwa mafuta zomveka);
• osachepera ananyema PAD avale (operekedwa kudzera braking regenerative);
• bwino akuthamanga zizindikiro ntchito;
• kuthekera kupulumutsa ndi kukonzanso ntchito mphamvu (yosungirako ndi mabatire ndi capacitors wapadera).

zolakwa

• Mkulu mtengo, chifukwa zovuta za kamangidwe ka mbewu mphamvu.
• Mtengo magalimoto kukonza hybrid ndi mavuto ndi kutaya mabatire.
• Ndi lalikulu kulemera.
• Battery chiwopsezo kudzimvera kumaliseche.

kuchita eni galimoto chiyani?

Car okonda dziko lonse athe kutenga nawo amakumana ndi zinthu kugonjetsa msewu ndi zidindo makina mwa kupenda ubwino ndi kuipa kwa iwo zitsanzo bwino. Sanakhale opanda chidwi ndi hybrid magalimoto. Reviews a ziwalo eni wodziŵa umboni kuti kudalirika kwa makina amenewa ndi kuthekera kwa ndalama yofunika kwambiri bajeti, kupita kwa ogulidwa mafuta. Ubwino lomalizali ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa iwo amene mukufuna maulendo ataliatali. Mwa kuipa pali mkulu yokonza mtengo wa hybrids ndi zoopsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi magalimoto tingachipeze powerenga, cornering bata.

Pamwamba zitsanzo zabwino

Toyota Prius ( "Toyota Prius")

Mpainiya hybrids banja, zida ndi Motors awiri magetsi (mphamvu 42 kW 60 kW), osakaniza ndi mkati injini kuyaka kwa lita 1.8 (mphamvu 98 L. C.). Liwiro - 180 Km / h. Chifukwa cha mtengo angakwanitse ndipo imachita mafuta chuma, Toyota Prius kwa zaka zambiri, ndi mtsogoleri mwa mawu a malonda amene akupanga mpikisano mu gawo ake.

Toyota Camry Zophatikiza ( "Toyota Camry")

Galimoto hybrid momwe ndalama kwambiri, wokongola kamangidwe, chitonthozo, mkulu processability. Ubwino wina wa kumasuka ndi Toyota Camry mwa hybrids anzathu - mathamangitsidwe mofulumira (masekondi 7.4, chitsanzo ichi akhoza imathandizira 100 Km / h).

Chevrolet Volt ( "Chevrolet Volt")

Othandiza anayi hatchback ndi makhalidwe kwambiri kuthamanga. Rechargeable hybrid (pulagi-mu galimoto wosakanizidwa). Iwo okonzeka ndi mafuta injini (buku 1.4 lita, 84 lita mphamvu. S.), Block lifiyamu-ion mabatire ndi moyo wautali utumiki, ndi magetsi galimoto galimoto galimoto. Mtunda pa magetsi m'tawuni - za 54-60 Km.

Volvo V60 pulagi-mu ( "Volvo V60 pulagi-mu")

Choyamba mwa avtogibridov injini chitsanzo turbodiesel (buku 2.4 lita, 215 lita mphamvu. S., Avereji kumwa dizilo pa 100 Km ndi 1,9 malita). Kutheka kwa magetsi galimoto ya siteshoni dizilo ngolo analoledwa kupitiriza pa magetsi makilomita 50.

Honda Civic Zophatikiza ( "Honda-Civic")

Car kutukula adalira pa makhalidwe ofunika ogula kulimbikitsidwa, mafuta chuma ndi zothandiza. The Gawo la kutchuka kwa Honda Civic Zophatikiza - compactness, mochititsa juxtaposed ndi mphamvu zikomo hybrid kuti njira yapadera kapangidwe, dzuwa ndi mamangidwe wokongola.

Chiyembekezo, kapena yochepa adiresi kwa, ankakayikira

luso Zophatikiza ali mbali yake ndi adani. Anthu ena kukhulupirira kufunika awo komanso ndi mphamvu, pamene ena satero tayala kuloza kwa zolakwa. Ngati inu kale galimoto tingachipeze powerenga ndi dizilo kapena mafuta injini, mukufuna kamangidwe kake, kumwa otsika mafuta, makhalidwe luso ndi ntchito, n'zotheka kuti si koyenera kuti tifulumire ndi kugula wosakanizidwa a. Dikirani mpaka opanga adzabweretsa malondawo Baibulo patsogolo kwambiri.

Basi samazimvetsa kwambiri anatambasula kuyembekezera ndondomeko, kuti bondo za nthawi anatayika amadabwa chifukwa mwakhala kuvula kugula. Malinga ndi akatswiri, galimoto hybrid posachedwapa adzakhala pamaso wamba m'misewu ya m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi m'midzi yaing'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo analosera kuwonjezeka yofunika kwambiri alipo chitsanzo osiyanasiyana. Hybrids adzatenga malo abwino aliyense mndandanda gawo galimoto - kuchokera supercars kuti crossovers ndi minivans-antchito.