Kodi grotesque mabuku?

Grotesque mabuku akuoneka kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, amene anali lililonse kwa "zikondwerero" chikhalidwe ndi ntchito zithunzi chongoyerekeza, kuyambira nthawi yakale. Choyamba, chiwembu ntchito ndi zinthu zochokera osakaniza zotsutsana - imfa ndi kubadwa, otsika ndi maganizo mkulu wa ugliness ndi kukongola. Ndipo kenako anayamba chikondi grotesque lofunika muyezo amakhala kukuwa dissonance, amene akufotokoza zosagwirizana zomvetsa chisoni cholinga chenicheni ndi abwino, zokha ndipo necrosis a moyo, komanso kupotozedwa mbali kofunika kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri grotesque mabuku amakhala mtendere wapadera ndi zachitika potsutsa imvi tsiku ndi tsiku zenizeni ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kumlingo, izo malire zopeka, monga olemba ndi ndakatulo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zifaniziro nthano ndi wosangalatsa, zamoyo zopanda moyo ndi kupereka nyama makhalidwe anthu a khalidwe. Grotesque mabuku anawona ntchito za Mitundu yosiyanasiyana - amasimbira, mabuku, nkhani.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo momveka bwino kukuchititsa zimenezi zimakhala olembedwa ndi nthano Saltykov-Shchedrin a "The Nyamuliranani kuchigawo", pomwe momwe nyama ati "bwinja" mayunivesite ndi nyumba yosindikizira mabuku, kubisala clueless bureaucrat. Komanso, ndi ulemu kuti wothwanima malingaliro kazembe anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "modzaza mutu", amagwirizana ndi kususuka boma womuimira. njira zimenezi ntchito mu zokopa ndiponso Bulgakov a buku "Master ndi Margarita", pomwe owerenga mudzazindikira osakaniza chodabwitsa cha Muscovites tsiku ndi tsiku mwachinsinsi Voland.

zilandiridwenso Gogol a

ubale Natural ndi kugwirizana ntchito ndi n'kosathandiza amene makamaka noticeable Gogol a "mphuno." Choncho, wolemba limafotokoza mofulumira Kovalev mphuno, kupulumuka kwa "mbuye" ndi kubweranso kwake wotsatira ku malo zosamvetsetseka. Kusanthula grotesque mabuku, zitsanzo zomwe zili chibadidwe ntchito zina wolemba akhoza olekanitsidwa kukhudzana zochitika atakwatirana ndi Kutchulira zakukhosi mkulu ndi otsika zambiri zimachitika azithunzithunzi kamvekedwe.

Izi ndi zoonekeratu mu "Old World nzika", kumene amagwirizana ndi chakudya mwachibadwa wa moyo, ndi tanthauzo lakuya la payekha - ndi zochitachita apamwamba anthu. Pakuti "The chikhoto" wofanana ndi motif chikhalidwe zokha, kumene munthu aliyense amakakamizidwa kumvera malamulo a apolisi. Zikatere - mbali ya fano Akaky, zomwe, ngakhale azithunzithunzi ake, ndi munthu wosasangalala.

Creation wa Soviet Writers

Ntchito za mabuku olembedwa ndi Gogol, kwakhudza ntchito ya olemba ena a zaka 60-70 zaka za m'ma XX. masomphenya ndi khalidwe la prose wa Daniel ndi Sinyavsky, amene ali ena mabuku ofotokozera za nkhani Gogol a. Komanso, olembedwa Voinovich ndi "kapu" owerenga tcheru adzapeza pafupifupi mwachindunji ogwidwawo mawu amene akhala akutchulidwa mu nkhani "The chikhoto."

Chifukwa poetics grotesque, olemba mabuku a m'tsogolo, amene anakhalako m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, anasonyeza phantasmagoric, wosakongola ndi chosakhala chikhalidwe cha dongosolo Soviet chikhalidwe. Mu 1970 panali kusiyana kwambiri pakati chinenero chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu ogwira chipani ndipo pano tsoka zakale zomwe sanathe koma bwanji ntchito za anthu olimba mtima. Grotesque mabuku chimagwiritsidwa ntchito Maramzin V., J. Huberman, Zinoviev, V. Aksenov, Yu Aleshkovsky, Alexander Galich Koma chifukwa sanali kugwilizana wa nzika za ntchito zawo Soviet maganizo maganizo, alembi amenewa anakakamizika kusamuka.