Kodi kamvekedwe ka nyimbo. Nyimbo Ofunika. Major, Minor

Isanafike kusanthula ina nyimbo zikuchokera woimba Choyamba kulabadira kamvekedwe ndi zilembo kiyi. Chifukwa zimakhudza kuwerenga olondola a nyimbo komanso kukhulupirika kwa mankhwala. Choona chidwi n'chakuti Oimba ambiri mtundu kumva ndi kuwayimilira lililonse kamvekedwe ku mitundu ina. Kodi ngozi zimene zimachitika? Kapena kodi wochenjera mkati nzeru?

Lingaliro ndi tanthauzo la tonality

Wotchuka theorists B. L. Yavorsky ndi IV Sposobin amasonyeza kuti ndi mkulu-nyamuka akuda malo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zimandilimbikitsa "kuti" ndi njira "Major", kamvekedwe adzakhala "C lalikulu".

Mu yopapatiza kwambiri (yeniyeni) mtengo wa tonality nyimbo - izo ndi dongosolo la zinchito kulekana kwa kugwirizana ndi pamwamba. Only nthawi iyi pamaziko a triads consonant. Ndi mmene kwa umodzi wa zaka 17-19 (chakale-chikondi). Pankhaniyi makamaka tinganene kuti kuli tonalities angapo kachitidwe kawo ubwenzi. Monga Mwachitsanzo anayi ndi asanu bwalo, awo okhudzana kiyi yomweyi , mayina yemweyo ndi zina zotero.

tanthauzo. Izi masanjidwe dongosolo centralized la mauthenga okwera amene zimagwirira ntchito kusiyanitsidwa (kusiyanitsidwa). Kuchokera pophatikizana ake ndi akuda ladotonalnost anapanga.

Nyimboyi m'zaka za m'ma 16

Kamvekedwe ka nyimbo za m'ma 16 ali anaima mutu ndi. Mawu akuti koyamba 1821, F. A. J. CASTILLO Blazlom (kudziwika French ongolankhula). Iye anapitiriza kukhala ndi popereka mfundo tonality kwa 1844 F. Zh. Fetis. Mu Russia, mawu amenewa si ntchito konse mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Mu ntchito za Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Tchaikovsky pa mogwirizana zina ndi paliponse anapeza. Only buku Taneyev "Counterpoint mu kalendala Mokhwima", yomalizidwa mu 1906, umanena izo.

Mawu akuti "Mawu" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. Choyamba, izo ladotonalnaya harmonics-zinchito dongosolo. Kachiwiri, ndi mawu enieni mu nyimbo. Ndiko kuti, mtundu uliwonse modal pa pamwamba. Chikhulupiriro chamakono cha kamvekedwe ndi zinasonyeza ntchito Karla Dalhauza. Iye amachita izo m'njira chachikulu. Kuchokera pa mtima wake, n'zoonekeratu kuti drevnemodalnaya nyimbo Gregory - ichi ndi chitsanzo choyamba cha kamvekedwe lapansi. Iye ananena kuti, kuwonjezera pa poyambira-amgwirizano, melodic kamvekedwe kumeneko.

Mbali yaikulu ya tonality

1. Pamaso pa abutment ena kapena malo. Kungakhale phokoso, poyambira kapena chosiyana mchitidwe chapakati.
2. Pamaso pa bungwe lina ubale omveka bwino, amene mwachindunji Chili iwo mu dongosolo la subordination masanjidwe.
3. A abutment umodzi, malo, kapena dziko lonse kuti atathana kutalika chomwecho. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti kamvekedwe nyimbo kumapereka lingaliro ngati centralization, yomwe ili pafupi chinthu makamaka.
4. M'nyamata (Major, Minor), lopatsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a poyambira ndi tuna dongosolo, kuthamanga awo "lona."
5. Zingapo khalidwe dissonance: D ndi S ndi Septimia ndi chimodzi ndi.
6. Internal amasinthira mogwirizana.
7. Modal dongosolo m'tsinde mwa amene ali ntchito zitatu zikuluzikulu anaika: zimandilimbikitsa, lalikulu ndi subdominant.
8. mitundu Large maziko kusinthasintha mawu.

Maganizo ndi kamvekedwe mu Palestrina

Mu kamvekedwe chakale chimapambana mfundo kukoka cha pakati (zimandilimbikitsa). Pa yemweyo modal mogwirizana, Komano, sichoncho. Pali okha subordination wa lonse lapansi. Mu Palestrina momveka bwino kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo akuda ngati muli zigawo ziwiri. Iwo Choral (monodic) subbase ndipo ziŵalo zake structural. Mu palestrinskom akuda palibe kukopa zikuoneka kuti zimandilimbikitsa lapansi. Palinso gulu wotero. Mu Palestrina kupereka gulu kwathunthu mawu, imene kutalika. No cadences, motero, palibe yokoka kuti ustoyu. Kuti amange mwamtheradi mwina ndine akuda iliyonse. Choncho, Palestrina palibe tonality monga zapamwamba Viennese (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven).

harmonies Monodic ndi amgwirizano tonality

Major zazing'ono ali pa ndime ndi frets ena: Aeolian, Ionian, Fulugiya, amene mwambo, lokriyskim, Dorian, Mixolydian, ndi sikelo pentatonic. Pakati pa tonality amgwirizano ndi frets monodic - kusiyana yaikulu. Kiyi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono chibadidwe mumtima mphamvu, zochitika, ndi mtima zoyenda matalala. Iwo yodziwika ndi mabwenzi angapo zinchito ndi malire centralization. Zonsezi ndi kwina frets monadic. Iwo alibe kukopa bwino kuti zimandilimbikitsa, ndi ulamuliro wake. Akadzauzidwa mphamvu ya dongosolo zina ndi mosamala kwambiri kukhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha maganizo nyengo European a masiku ano. E. Lovinsky bwino anaona kuti modality zoona, chikuyimira view khola la dziko, ndi kamvekedwe ka pandunji - mphamvu.

Kodi mitundu ya analemba utawaleza "kujambula" kamvekedwe?

Aliyense kamvekedwe ndi mu dongosolo, ntchito zina osati zazikulu-amgwirizano ubwenzi, komanso mwa mawu a mtundu phale. Mogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi wamba kwambiri za chikhalidwe ndi mtundu (mtundu m'lingaliro lenileni).

Mwachitsanzo, chinsinsi "C lalikulu" chapakati dongosolo wonse ndipo ankaona zophweka kwambiri, kotero utoto woyera. oimba ambiri, kuphatikizapo mwa analemba lalikulu, nthawi zambiri anapeza mtundu kumva. A woimira bwino oterowo kumva imatengedwa Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Mwachitsanzo, chinsinsi "E lalikulu" kugwirizana ndi angapo: yowala mtundu wobiriwira wa birches kasupe ndi mithunzi ubusa. "E lathyathyathya Major" iye - ziri makamaka mdima ndi wachisoni kamvekedwe, zomwe iye anajambula m'maganizo mwake ndi mawu imvi bluish, khalidwe m'matawuni ndi mipanda. Ludwig galimoto Beethoven, anali "B zazing'ono" wakuda. mtundu Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa ntchito olembedwa fungulo ili nthawi zikumveka mwachisoni ndi chisoni. Monga mukuonera, mitundu alibe mwangozi, iwo ali ndi zogwirizana ndi khalidwe limaonetseratu za nyimbo. Ngati inu kusintha chinsinsi, ndiye adzakhala mtundu chosiyana. A chitsanzo likutipatsa, anakonza Motets Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Ave verum corpus, K.-V. 618) Ferenc pepala. Kuchokera "D Major," iye transposed kukhala "C Major", mogwirizana ndi zomwe anasintha kalembedwe nyimbo, panali mbali Romanticism.

Kodi udindo ndi malo ali mu kamvekedwe ka nyimbo?

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 17, zosiyanasiyana tonality poyambira, makamaka ndi nyumba zovuta, akhala ndi nyimbo ndi limaonetseratu njira yofunika. kamvekedwe zina zochititsa chidwi za mpikisano lathu, gawo ndi malemba. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ankakhulupirira kuti akamanena za lingaliro nyimbo zimadalira mogwirizana ndi kusinthasintha mawu, osati chitsanzo melodic. Pomanga mitundu nyimbo palibe angatsutse yaikulu mbali yofunika. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa mitundu ikuluikulu: ndi sonata, ozungulira, za zisudzo, Rondo ndi ena. Mwa njira imene kupereka lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi yotaika, lapadera kwambiri ndi: a pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi kusintha kwa kiyi wina ndi mzake, mofulumira kusintha kusinthasintha mawu, Kutchulira ya nkhani zosiyana. Zonsezi zikuchitika motsutsa likhale kukhala zisathe mu kamvekedwe chachikulu.

zimakhalira pachibale tonalities

tonality Related ndi digiri loyamba, lachiwiri ndi lachitatu. Gulu nambala wani nkhawa makodi onse a dongosolo diatonic osankhidwa kapena anakonzeratu phula. Kuwapeza zophweka kwambiri. Izi zimafunika ku poyambira zimandilimbikitsa kupeza subdominant ndi lalikulu. Izi magawo wachinayi ndi wachisanu. Iwonso makodi awo okhudzana, amene ali ofanana nawo zikuchokera phokoso. The chachiwiri digiri ya relatedness - zimandilimbikitsa kamvekedwe ndi frets ofanana koma osiyana (dzina yomweyo). Mwachitsanzo, "C lalikulu" ndi "C zazing'ono". Zizindikiro malankhulidwe, motero, chasintha. The "C Major" iwo kulibe, mofanana zazing'ono atatu mosabisa.

The makodi wa gulu lachitatu ndi zida wamba (3). The lachitatu digiri achibale komanso ali makodi awiri kuti zofanana mu dongosolo ndi kuima pa mtunda wa malankhulidwe atatu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi "C lalikulu" ndi "F-lakuthwa lalikulu." Onse amadziwa zimenezi adzakhala kwambiri ngati mukufuna kusintha kamvekedwe ka nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha mawu kapena kuchimwa.

Pomaliza

Choncho, kamvekedwe akonzedwa ali makhalidwe waukulu kudziwa zomwenso ake. Theorists kumasulira mosiyana. Komanso, asayansi mukutsutsana za chitsitsimutso chake ndi kuwola. Ngati ofufuza ndi oimba a mayiko Western European tapeza oyambirira (pofika m'zaka za m'ma 14), mu Russia linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito patapita nthawi yaitali. N'chifukwa chake kamvekedwe ka nyimbo za upamwamba Viennese ndi romantics zimasiyana kwambiri chimene anali ndi Palestrina ndi chifuniro Shostakovich, Hindemith, Shchedrin ndi Oimba ena 20-21 atumwi.