Kodi kupeza pamwamba dera kyubu chiyani?

The kyubu angapo katundu chidwi masamu ndipo amadziwika kuti anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Oimira ena a sukulu wakale Greek wa ganizo kuti particles pulayimale (maatomu) kuti apange dziko lathu, ndi mawonekedwe a kyubu, ndipo zongoganiza ndi esoteric ngakhale ankalambira chithunzi ichi. Today oimira parascience amatamanda kyubu chodabwitsa katundu mphamvu.

Kyubu - ndi chithunzi changwiro, mmodzi wa asanu zolimba Plato. Plato thupi - izo moyenera Mipikisano faceted chithunzi, wokhutiritsa zinthu zitatu:

1. m'mbali zake zonse ndi nkhope ofanana.

2. kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pakati pa mbali ndi (pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pakati pa nkhope kyubu ofanana ndi madigiri 90).

3. kanjedza onse ikukhudzana kwa Pamwamba pa dera circumscribed mozungulira icho.

Enieni kuchuluka kwa Chiwerengerochi otchedwa Greek masamu Theaetetus wa Athens, ndi mwana wa Plato, Euclid m'buku 13 wa pachiyambi anawapatsa mwatsatanetsatane kufotokoza masamu.

Agiriki akale sachedwa ntchito zosintha kachulukidwe kufotokoza kapangidwe ka dziko lathu, Ufumuyo kwa Myuda zolimba kwambiri sacral tanthauzo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti aliyense wa kanjedza akuimira chiyambi cha chilengedwe: tetrahedron - moto kyubu - lapansi, octahedron - mpweya icosahedron - madzi dodecahedron - efa. Mbali akufotokozedwa owazungulira limaimira ungwiro, Mulungu.

Kotero, kyubu umatchedwanso ndi hexahedron (kuchokera Greek "hex." - 6), - atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zonse zojambula mawonekedwe. Limatchedwanso zonse quadrangular prism kapena parallelepiped anayi.

A kyubu nkhope asanu, m'mbali khumi ndi mfundo eyiti. Mu chithunzi ichi, mukhoza kulowa zina zonse polyhedra: tetrahedron (tetrahedron konsekonse mu mawonekedwe a Triangles), ndi octahedron (octahedron) ndi icosahedron (icosahedron).

Kyubu opendekera amatchedwa gawo kulumikiza awiri symmetrical wachibale ku likulu pamwamba. Kudziwa kyubu m'mphepete m'litali, mukhoza kupeza kutalika kwa opendekera Vesi ndime = ^3.

Mu kyubu, monga zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, akhoza alembedwa dera, ndi utali wozungulira dera alembedwa (amaimira r Mukhoza) ndi wofanana ndi theka m'litali m'mphepete: r Mukhoza = (1/2) a.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa kyubu anafotokoza padziko, ndi utali wozungulira dera (amaimira R) ndi wofanana: R = (3/2) a.

zachilendo mavuto sukulu funso: mmene kuwerengera m'dera padziko kyubu chiyani? zosavuta, monga m'maganizo kyubu. Padziko kyubu ali nkhope sikisi mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo. Choncho, pofuna kupeza pamwamba dera kyubu, ndi woyamba tipeze malo mmodzi wa nkhope ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero chawo: S _N = ^{2 6a.}

Monga tapeza pamwamba dera kyubu ndi kuwerengera m'dera la nkhope yake lateral: S _B = 4a ^2.

Kuyambira chilinganizo izi zikuonekeratu kuti ziwiri zosiyana nkhope ya kyubu - maziko, ndi zina zinayi - mbali pamwamba.

Kupeza pamwamba dera kyubu kungakhale njira ina. Popeza chakuti kyubu - ndi cuboid, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za miyeso itatu okhudza malo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kyubu, monga chithunzi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ali 3 magawo: kutalika (a) ndipo m'lifupi (b) ndi kutalika (c).

Ntchito magawo awa, ife kuwerengetsa zonse padziko dera la kyubu ndi: S _N = 2 (AB + Mac + BC).

Kuwerengetsa malo a mbali padziko kyubu, ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa m'munsi kuti kuchulukitsa ndi kutalika: S _B = 2c (a + b).

Voliyumu ya kyubu ndi - ndi mankhwala a zigawo zitatu - kutalika, m'lifupi ndi m'litali:
V = ABC kapena m'mbali zitatu pafupi: V = ^3.