Kumiza dziko Pluto

Kodi wobwezera chidwi kwambiri kwa ife, ndipo nthawizina mantha? Chinsinsi. Unexplored. Zosamvetsetseka. Ndipo agwiritsidwa kwa mwamtheradi madera onse. Ngakhale malo. Kapena kani, makamaka malo. Popeza danga ana amakumana ndi anthu enanso ambirimbiri a mafunso osayankhidwa ndi mantha ife ndi unpredictability ake ndi losadziwika. Mmodzi wa awa, kukopa zinsinsi, ndi Pluto - dzikoli ndi kutali ozungulira dzuŵa lathu, inapezeka 1930th a. Ngakhale patapita kuphunzira zithunzi achikulire pachibwenzi 1914, dziko lino tawona kachiwiri.

The kuyang'anila amene tsopano yofuna kupereka nzeru zokwanira kuti ngakhale kudziwa: Pluto - dzikoli, kapena ayi? Ikukhala ngati nyenyezi mtengo pyatnadtsatizvezdnoy. Mars, mwina inunso, akanakhala luster zofanana, izo ili pa mtunda wofanana ndi ife. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Pluto mwina ndi kukula kwa Mars. kuwerengetsa More molondola awiri a dziko anapereka 1950th. J. Kuiper anakwanitsa kuyeza awiri okhota, mu umboni wake, 0 "23. Ngati" kumasulira "miyezo wathu, awiri adzakhala 2.900 Km.

Mu 1968, ku April 28 kuti 29, 12 zoyang'anira anadikira Pluto ndidzadutsa ndi nyenyezi ina, wofanana ake chikuperekedwa. lingaliro ndi kuti ngati Kuiper sanalakwe kukula, Pluto anali kutseka izo. Koma luster wakhala si wofooka. Ndipo amanena kuti Pluto awiri zosaposa 5500 Km. Unyinji wa Pluto anali ngakhale kovuta kudziwa. Anzake iye anali, comets mozungulira si zapita.

zakuthambo American R. Duncombe, P. Seydelmanom E. Jackson ndi Polish zakuthambo B. Klepchinskim chachikulu ntchito zachitika: iwo kukonzedwa 5426 kuzipenya pa Udindo wa Neptune kuti kuchokera mu 1846 mpaka zaka 1868, ndipo tinapeza: unyinji wa Pluto, yokhudzana ndi dziko lapansi ndi 0,11. Amenewa ndi unyinji wa Mars, koma Pluto ndi zosakwana Mars. Kutenga pakuti iye masamu awiri misa za 5500 Km, ndi kupeza pafupifupi kachulukidwe Pluto - 8 g / masentimita ^ 3, ndi mu mfundo ndi kwambiri. . Mu 1978, J. Christie wopanga chinapezeka mosayembekezereka: amapeza zithunzi zakale Pluto. Oyamba anatsimikizira zinayi mita imaonetsa Observatory pa Cerro Tololo. Kuti Kanema chithandizo ndipo anathandiza kudziwa misa ya Pluto: 1.1 10 ^ 25 ga, ndi ichi - 1/500 ya unyinji wa Earth wathu! Ndipo kuwerengetsera izi zinachititsa kuti ntchito watsopano: Pluto pakati pa dziko lapansili ndi laling'ono!

Chabwino kutentha, chiphunzitso, ayenera kuti pafupifupi 40 K. Pa kutentha zimenezi, condensation ndi dziko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko ayezi N'kutheka pa Pluto. The kuzipenya mu 1977 anatsimikizira kopanda: ndi sipekitiramu infuraredi walola, potsiriza, ganizirani magulu khalidwe. A pang'ono kale, mu 1970, ndi 60 centimeter imaonetsa n'kupanga anapezeka ofanana ndi kuda mayamwidwe chitsulo. Mu 1930th wa March 12, panali uthenga wina: yaitali kufufuza ndi kafukufuku Lowell chidwi dziko ili kupitirira Neptune, anatsogolera pomaliza kwa anapeza latsopano, osadziwika chinthu, ndi njira yodutsamo ndi liwiro kuyenda ake masabata asanu chofanana thupi, zonse ili kupitirira kanjira wa dziko Neptune, m'chigawo atalonjeza Lowell ukulu - cisanu. Posachedwapa dziko zakuthambo, anaganiza kuti apereke dzina la dzikoli - dziko Pluto, abwino kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa chakuti kayendedwe ka dziko zinachitika mu mdima, zigawo kunja kwa dongosolo lathu dzuwa. Zilembo ziwiri zoyambirira ntchito udindo - Maina Persivallya Lowell, amene amanena kuti pali dziko yosadziŵika komabe amene anamwalira chaka maulosi lofalitsidwa.

Kupezeka kwa Pluto akanakhoza kutenga malo mu 1919. Linalowererapo ngozi. Ndiye Milton Hyumansonom kuwerengetsera zidzatheka malo dziko kujambulidwa dera udindo wake zotheka ndi fano analandira dzikoli. Pa gawo la fano anagunda emulsion ndi kutsimikizira kuli za thupi wakumwamba sizingatheke. Pluto akhadikhira kuti anapeza ... Kale mu 1930th wa, molondola kudziwa kuti kuli Pluto ndi kanjira kake, n'zotheka kudziwa zithunzi zomwe zajambulidwa kale.