Kupewa Ebola. Ebola: zizindikiro, chithandizo

Zikachitika mliri wa m'ma 21 anayamba ikubwera ku Africa, Ebola. Dzitetezeni matenda pa chaka chimodzi ankanena miyoyo ya anthu oposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pa nthawi, kwenikweni kutsimikiziridwa mankhwala matenda kulibe. Kodi Ebola malungo kupewa lonse lapansi? Kodi kuzindikira ndi kachilombo koopsa ndi kudziteteza ndi okondedwa anu ku amadza wake loopsali? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa tidzayesetsa kupeza.

Kodi HIV?

matenda Ebola ndi mmodzi wa owopsa kwa moyo wa munthu mu nthawi yathu. Wamphamvu HIV zokhudza anthu, anyani ndi chiwerengero cha nyama zing'onozing'ono, pafupifupi Anachita chithandizo. zotsatira zake zowononga ndi anagawira kwa ziwalo zonse za thupi, kuyambira ziwalo, khungu, kutsiriza ndi ubongo wa munthu. Mliri ndondomeko limayamba ndi chakuti magazi umakhala viscous, akuyamba mapangidwe kuundana kuti kuononga capillaries thupi lonse. The chifukwa cha izo zonse izi ndi necrosis maselo kuwonongeka kwa matupi. Pa ming'alu khungu, amene Chimachokera magazi, innards kuwola ndinso ziwalo zikachitika, ndi oipa kwambiri choncho imfa.

Version a HIV ndi kufotokoza mwachidule

Dzina lovomerezeka la matenda - hemorrhagic malungo Ebola. Infection kumachitika mchikakamizo cha matenda zokhudzana filoviruses gulu. Zinthu zofunika GLE mkulu amafa, kufalitsidwa liwiro ndi zovuta matenda. Pali yankho mwachilungamo losavuta la funso, Kodi Ebola. Ngakhale pamene moyo wa munthu HIV kumabweretsa chakuti ziwalo wake kufa ndi kuyamba kuwola ndinso.

matenda Ebola lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mitundu isanu ikuluikulu, omwe ali ndi maonekedwe enieni. Kotero, anaganiza kuonetsetsa:

• Zaire mtundu. Iwo anali woyamba wolembedwa mu 1976 mu homonymous chigawo (Zaire mtsinje Ebola), motero mumapezera dzina lake komanso dzina napatsa yokha malungo. mtundu uwu matenda imatengedwa kukhala waukulu ndi ovuta kwambiri. Kulankhula koteroko zikutsimikiziridwa kwathunthu mliri, yomwe inayamba mu 2013.
• Sudanese kalembedwe. Si owopsa Komabe, imfa akadali pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi yoyamba chinalembedwa mu Sudan. Dzina la nthendayo ndinalandira ndi madera.
• Ivorian kapena Tai Forest mtundu. Mliri wa zosiyanasiyana ndi sichinayambe mayina a mankhwala boma. Matendawa anapeza mu 2004, izo kudwala kafukufuku mmodzi wa gulu phunziro la mitembo chimpanzi. Mtundu imatengedwa kukhala zovuta.
• Bundibugyo, kapena Bundibugyo mtundu. Matendawa inalembedwa Uganda mu 2007. Inayamba HIV wakhala m'malo yaing'ono Komabe, komabe popanda ovulala ake.

Mu gulu osiyana tingaone restonsky subtype a Ebola. fomu iyi isiyana onse pamwamba kuti mwamtheradi si owopsa kwa anthu, kumachitika anyani okha. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kafukufuku pa kufala kwa matenda anawatengera kokha poyerekezera kwathunthu thanzi kwa amuna. Pa nkhani imeneyi, sayansi alibe deta yolondola, mmene kukhala matenda ndi ufulu chofooka chitetezo chokwanira.

M'dera la zosayembekezereka ya tizilombo

The zambiri kufala kwa Ebola mu Africa. Nthawi zonse, kubuka zoyambirira za anaona pa dziko lino. Nthawi zambiri kachilombo chili ponseponse m'mayiko unali pafupi mwamsanga kwa dziko. Nthawi akutali malungo akhala taonera angapo limanena kuti ali kutali Africa (USA, Germany). Komabe, amaganiza kuti matenda anamubweretsa anthu awa kuchokera kunja. Panthawiyo, matenda akuyamba m'mayiko monga Congo, Sudan, ndikuganiza, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone.

Njira malungo kafalitsidwe

Kodi kufala kwa HIV Ebola? Infection makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi secretions (mkodzo, ndowe, umuna, thukuta) kapena magazi a munthu kapena nyama mtima (osati moyo yekha, koma akufa). Infection amadziwikanso kudzera kugonana mosadziteteza kugonana. Mantha zofunika ndi wamba banja zinthu (mwachitsanzo, bedi nsalu), magazi, sagwiritsa ntchito syringes disposable. Nthawi zina kwambiri kuipitsidwa ndi zotheka ndi m'malovu (inhalation mbali kachilombo sputum). Ebola mu Africa kawirikawiri opatsirana pa kupanga miyambo ya maliro, imene achibale nakhudza mtembo. Kuchita zimenezi ali osavomerezeka.

Njirazi makamaka matenda kufalikira ndi sekondale. Kudziwa chifukwa koyamba kwa matendawa kwa tsiku sizingatheke. Malinga ndi limodzi la mabaibulo wotchuka kwambiri, nthawi yoyamba kachilombo koyambitsa anali wapezeka mu zouluka nkhandwe ( "zouluka agalu"). Ena amakhulupirira kuti onyamula lalikulu angakhale ang'ono makoswe kuti moyo umakhala pafupi anthu azikhalamo. Kodi kukhala ndi kachilombo ndipo anakumana ndi khungu la nyama yakufa. Mwina malungo ambiri anayamba njira iyi (alenje probed mitembo ya nyama).

A mliri atsopano a matenda

Mliri wa Ebola mu 2014, anakhala wamphamvu kwambiri mawonetseredwe onse odziwika matenda. Pakali pano, izo anapha anthu oposa 7,000. Mu 1976, dziko poyamba chodabwitsa monga Ebola. miyeso Chithandizo, kupewa ndi chitetezo pa nthawi imene sanali kuidziwa, kotero zaka pafupifupi 40 zapitazo, 280 anthu HIV wapha (38 milandu mudawawombola).

Woyamba odwala latsopano mliri anaonekera mu December 2013 ku Guinea. Zotsatira HIV chinapululutsa Nigeria, Liberia ndi mayiko ena. madokotala ku mabungwe mayiko amene amathandiza odwala m'dera, anali mu ngozi yokulirapo. Ambiri a iwo anadwala ndipo anabweretsa kunyumba mankhwala. Zimenezi ali chikwiyire ndi mantha weniweni padziko lonse.

Nanga lero pali kulimbana ndi matenda oopsa? Kodi kusiya kufalitsa? Ebola, komanso zina matenda aliwonse pachimake tizilombo zimenezi oopsa, amafuna bwino, mitsuko gulu pa mbali ya boma boma ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala. Choncho, poyamba pa zonse, izo ikuchitika:

• M'chipatala mu mabokosi wapadera (miyeso chitetezo angayerekezedwe ndi amene ntchito ku mliri);
• Chodetsa zinthu za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa munthu kachilombo ndi mankhwala a disinfection awo mpaka kalekale ndi kusunga osiyana ndi chiwonongeko mtsogolo;
• Kutaya nkhani pokhudzana ndi mtima, ndi chithandizo ndi njira ya phenol, kenako moto;
• Kutalikirana kwa anthu amene ali ndi kuthekera onyamula matenda, pa malo omwewo monga odwala.

Zizindikiro khalidwe malungo lowopsya

ndi zizindikiro za Ebola chiyani? Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mwachilungamo wophweka, ngakhale poyamba malungo akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi matenda tingachipeze powerenga kupuma (SARS) kapena angina. Pachiyambi, odwala onani kusintha potsatira ukupeza:

• aakulu mutu;
• ambiri kufooka kwa minofu;
• ululu mu mmero;
• okwera kutentha thupi (madigiri 38 kapena kuposa);
• kukhumudwa mpando.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, atapita masiku 2-3, kachilombo m'kati, ndipo munthu umayamba kuthetsa chifuwa youma, zidzolo (mawanga kuoneka lonse thupi mtundu wofiira kapena purplish), amalembedwa kusapeza mu chifuwa.

Lachiwiri, ndipo kawiri kawiri sabata yatha matendawa amakhala ndi chikhalidwe aakulu. Ubongo zikachitika, ndi ziwalo ndi khungu, ndi m'kamwa kuyamba kutuluka magazi, chiwindi, ndulu, ndi ming'alu pakhungu. ziwalo kuyamba kuwola ndinso pa moyo wa munthu. Nthawi zambiri matenda amapha mu masiku 10-14 ukatha mwambo.

Zizindikiro za Ebola, limene madokotala azindikire matenda

Chifukwa anthu ambiri adzakhala mokwanira kudziwa ndi zizindikiro kunja Ebola. Zizindikiro, amene anafunika kuti matenda zolondola aluso wapezeka yekha mwa kuchita nkhani yapadera ndi mayesero. General prerequisites yeniyeni imatengedwa kuti:

• lalifupi makulitsidwe nthawi, kukula mofulumira matendawa;
• magazi matenda;
• Global kuledzera ndi ludzu;
• kuwonjezera maselo oyera a mwazi kuwerenga;
• kuchepetsa kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuwerengedwa ndi hemoglobin.

Pali mayesero apadera zasayansi kudziwa Ebola. Zizindikiro khalidwe kunja amapusitsa, ndi chifukwa cha matenda ofanana febrile, mwachitsanzo, matenda Marburg. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda molondola mayeso ndi kupeza antigens.

Little Kawawachikamach mfundo

Modern misa TV mwatsatanetsatane pounikira matenda monga Ebola. Zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kusamala amadziwika kuti pafupifupi anthu onse okhala mu chiopsezo angathe. Mwatsoka, ambiri a mfundo zokhudza matenda adakali sakudziwika kugulu. Zikuphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:

• HIV amakhudza anthu onse mosachotsera Komabe, ana awo amavutika kwambiri zochepa. Kufotokoza kukuchititsa zimenezi, asayansi sangathe akadali;
• Nthawi makulitsidwe ndi zambiri wofanana imeneyi 4 - masiku 7, koma nthawi zina kungakhale kwa masabata 3;
• Anthu amene achire Ebola, m'chipatala pa tsiku 21;
• Pali milandu pamene munthu yemweyo akanatha matenda enaake kangapo;
• Pali anthu amene odana ndi malungo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kunyamula matenda mu mawonekedwe wofatsa ndi kukhala onyamula matenda.
• malungo Kachiromboka anakhalabe mu umuna anachira amuna ndi masabata 7;
• HIV Ebola ndi kuphunzira ndi asayansi theka la tinthu mapuloteni izo Zatsala chinsinsi kwa anthu;
• Ebola ndi woipa kuposa AIDS, iye udzaononga chitetezo anthu si kwa zaka 10, ndipo kwa masabata awiri;
• HIV kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kutentha, anaphedwa mu magazi pokhalabe chithunzi madigiri 60 kuti mphindi zosachepera 30;
• HIV mosavuta kulekerera ngakhale ozizira chowawa;
• Chakuchepa kwa kupatsidwa folic acid ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi azitaya kuipitsidwa zotheka.

Kuweta njira zoyezera kuteteza

Ngati mumakhala pangozi kapena mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi nzika kukaona kumadera ponseponse HIV, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa. Motero, kupewa Ebola malungo yafupika ntchito monga akuti:

• zonse yolera yotseketsa malo, katundu wa m'nyumba ndi zida;
• atavala zoteteza waika zovala, musayandikire anthu kachilombo;
• wathunthu Kupha kulankhulana ndi HIV zonyamulira.

Kupewa kufala kwa matenda ndi mokwanira ntchito kokha athe kuzindikira ndi kudzipatula wathunthu wa anthu kachilombo. Ngati mulibe moyo mu dera chiopsezo, musayese mantha, kupewa zotheka ulendo ku dziko kumene mliri yolusayo, komanso zinyalala ku kulankhula ndi nzika za mayiko amenewa.

Anthu ntchito m'mayiko African ayenera kudziwa kusonyeza Ebola, choncho kulankhulana ndi anthu kachilombo, kuonetsetsa chitetezo wawo mwa kuvala zovala wapadera ndi masks. Izi zidzathandiza kuti tichepetse kutenga matenda.

Kufala kwa Ebola kumachitika zokha, ndipo nthawi zina, munthu alibe mwayi kugwira chisanadze analamula maphunziro. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndipo mulole amenewa miyeso monga:

• Kuchepetsa kukumana ndi nyama, amene mwina angathe kukhala onyamula HIV;
• decomposing kuthetsa kusokonezedwa ndi nyama;
• kutsukidwa bwino ndi sopo malo poyera za thupi, manja ndi nkhope pambuyo kuyenda mu msewu kapena kupezeka boma (makamaka zipatala);
• kudya nyama kuzindikira kutentha wawo woyamba chithandizo.

Njira amachitira malungo

Pakali pano, kupewa Ebola malungo ndi woona yekha muyeso wa chitetezo ku matenda oopsa. chithandizo chapadera monga palibe. Ndi tikukonza ndipo sichimaperekedwa zofunika mayesero onse zachipatala. njira Experimental ntchito lero m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi United States Komabe, 100 peresenti ayambe milandu iwo sangathe. Komanso, pali palibe katemera wakhala akupangidwa ndi malungo.

Kodi masiku ano ankachitira Ebola? Zizindikiro za matenda kwenikweni ayenera kuzithetsa. Popeza palibe mankhwala enieni, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu. Human mtima n'kofunika odwala kwambiri ayambe imfa ya magazi ndi madzimadzi (kukonzekera electrolyte). Matenda oopsa makamaka anatsimikiza ndi kapangidwe ka munthu chamoyo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu amene anapirira Ebola kupeza chitetezo chokwanira wamphamvu moyo Komabe, zimadziwika milandu kukonzanso matenda.

Malungo Prophylaxis Ebola - njira yokhayo kuletsa matenda oopsa kwa tsiku. Munthu aliyense ayenera kuganizira miyeso munthu chitetezo okha ndi okondedwa awo. Kumbukirani kuti matenda oopsa mu ambiri a milandu amapha, kuyamba mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi woopsa. Kodi china chimene muyenera kudziwa za matenda owopsa monga Ebola. Zizindikiro, njira kupewa ndi kuchiza, zonse izi, ndithudi, zofunika kwambiri Komabe, muyeso waukulu wa chitetezo kwa anthu ndi pansi kwaokha.