Kutsegula - Kutulukira zaka 150 zinachitikira

Mfundo zodabwitsa ndi kuti chida zofunika mu nkhondo monga akhoza kutsegula kutsegula zitini, unakhazikitsidwa zaka pafupifupi 50 pambuyo amasulidwe zakudya zamzitini.

Chifukwa kutsegula kwa

Mu 1795, pamaso kampeni Napoleon ku Ulaya kugonjetsa kwake ndi boma French patsogolo ntchito ndinkangofulumira kupeza njira zomveka kupulumutsa kwa mankhwala nthawi yaitali. Pakuti mwayi wamakhalidwe analonjezedwa mphotho kuchuluka kwa franc 12,000. The mphoto anapita kwa ophika Fransua Apperu, kutsimikizira kuti chotsirizidwa, mwachitsanzo, monga nyama kukazinga, umene uli mu chidebe womata chotero yophika ndi madzi, zikhoza anali atatseka kwa osachepera chaka. Pamene muli pa iwo anapereka zitini galasi. Ndipo mu 1809 anayamba kubala mankhwala oyamba mu mawonekedwe a zachilengedwe.

Chifukwa fragility mitsuko galasi patapita chaka m'malo mwa chidebe lata. The setifiketi ntchito tini anali England Peter Durand. Ngakhale zitini chitsulo anali wodalirika, koma mogwirizana ndi zitsulo pepala makulidwe ndi 5 mm, iwo kulemedwa kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ali m'bukuli. Komanso, kunali koyenera kuchita khama kwambiri kutsegula zitini. Autopsy atha nyundo ndi chisel.

Mpeni chidali chifuniro cha kutsegula zitini

zaka 48 pamaso pa nkhani za zamzitini anayenda m'njira zonse improvised mpaka zinafika Ezra Warner lingaliro kulenga mankhwala amene kungakhale kosavuta kutsegula malata malata chivindikiro. Patenti malata kutsegula ali masamba awiri, wina anali kubaya banki, ndi zina kupuma ndi mpeni mu mkombero wake. Kutulukira, komanso zakudya zamzitini, anakhala otchuka okha pa Civil nkhondo pamene asirikali chikalata chakudya mu mawonekedwe zamzitini, ndipo Ufumuyo mpeni Warner.

Mtsogolo, panali chidwi ambiri chilengedwe cha mankhwala wosavuta ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. J .. Osterhud mu 1866 anapatsidwa setifiketi ya chitinicho mungathe pa chivindikiro amene anali makiyi. Lililonse kwa chivindikiro ndi litapotanitsidwa, zambiri kutsegula mwayi kwa okhutira.

Kodi kutsegula ndi njinga kupangidwa mu 1878 ndi William Lyman. Mpeni anafanana ndi kampasi kujambula, ndi mpeni pa mbali imodzi ya gudumu. Mfundo kutsegula mabanki komanso ofanana ndi ntchito za COMPASS ndi. Mmodzi zisonga mwendo munakhala pakati pa chivindikiro zozungulira, ndi circumference wake unali kusunthira mwendo wina ndi njinga, amenenso wala efwaya nsupa yala.

Mu 1921 kutsegula Lyman anali pang'ono bwino. Kuchokera kunja, izo linaikidwa kudula gudumu, anapereka zida kalozera. Zamzitini bezel inali pakati pa mawilo, amene sanalole mpeni kuti kuzembera.

openers Modern

Mu 1942, zasayansi Chicago, amene ankafufuza makonzedwe a moyo, chophweka kupangidwa mu ntchito ya akhoza kutsegula P-38. Pofuna kutsekula malata, kunali koyenera kuti akanikizire zikuluzikulu ndi kukweza nthawi 38 pamene osauka kwambiri a kuthamanga pa chivindikiro cha. Stamped kiyi masekondi ndi inali ndi zigawo ziwiri lopinda. Iye Ufumuyo kwa chakudya mpeni asilikali. Akachoka akhoza kutsegula tiyenera kutsukidwa mu madzi otentha kuti tichotse zotsala za nkhani za mabanki.

Patapita anatulukira mipeni magetsi, kuwulula zakudya zamzitini masekondi. Ndipo banki Pankhaniyi umachitika pakati pa mpeni ndi pinion ndi asagwe.

njira kutsegula

Pakali pano, ambiri Kufikika kutsegula kwa zitini ali ndi chogwirira amapangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena matabwa ndi mbale chitsulo ndi nyanga ziwiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mukhoza ntchito kutsegula osati umatetezera, komanso mowa mabotolo, pates, nyama zamzitini ndi Nkhaka agogo. ndondomeko si zovuta, koma pali anthu amene ndikudabwa za momwe ntchito akhoza kutsegula. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kukhazikitsa nyanga yaitali pa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, ndipo dzanja nkhonya kutsatira mphamvu pa chogwirira, tini kukhomerera. Nyanga ayenera amatanganidwa kubanki, ndiye muyenera kulikankhira mpeni bwalo, kugwedeza izo mmwamba ndi pansi, koma musati tinyamuke.

Kutsegula botolo la mowa, ikani m'mphepete mwa chivindikiro pakati pa nyanga, ndi pamwamba ndi yaitali, ndi kukokera mpeni, ndi kuthamanga kuwala pa botolo kapu kutsegula.

chifukwa mipeni malata Care

Kutsegula kwa zitini zingachititse poizoni chakudya. Ngati alibe kusamba kwa tsamba kudziunjikira mabwinja zambiri za chakudya kuchokera mitundu yonse ya mankhwala. Inu mukhoza kulingalira momwe poizoni zida zauve. Scrapings anatengedwa kuchokera openers pa kafukufuku chowululidwa kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Kupewa kuipitsidwa, m'pofunika nthawi iliyonse pambuyo kutsegula nkhali na madzi otentha kusamba tsamba. Woyera akhoza kutsegula chabe. Mungathe kutsukidwa ndi dzanja kapena mu chotsukira mbale wa. Yatsekera bwino anafukula mano dothi burashi.