Kwambiri ya m'mapiri likulu la dziko. Alpine dziko ndi mzinda

Okwera (wotchedwa kutalika mtheradi) - kutalika kwa mfundo ya dziko lapansili pamwamba pa nyanja. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza kudziwa chinthu udindo wachibale okwana zizindikiro geodetic. Kwambiri ya m'mapiri likulu la dziko ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, m'madera osiyanasiyana a mpumulo, koma mtengo wa okwera a mzinda amalola cholinga kuzilongosola mu dongosolo la kukula.

Quito (Ecuador) - 2850 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja

Kudalirika kwa likulu Ecuadorian zina adatsutsana yoona (koma osati lamulo lalikhulu ladziko) likulu la Bolivia, La Paz -. Mzinda A ili pa okwera mamita 3640 yokhala ndi San Francisco de Quito ndi vysokoraspolozhennoy boma likulu la dziko.

Center likulu Ecuadorian si phiri lalitali, koma mmodzi wa mtengo wapatali kwambiri mapulani ndi mbiri yakale tanthauzo. Pamodzi ndi Polish Kraków anali analengeza mu 1978, chinthu cholowa chikhalidwe tanthauzo lonse. UNESCO Commission imawunikidwa kuteteza wabwino wa nyumba anakhudzidwa ndi kusintha ang'ono kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda mu 1556.

Today ku Quito m'dera 372 Km ² moyo anthu miliyoni 2,67 - ndi mzinda wachiwiri kukula mu dziko, weniweni ndale, chikhalidwe ndi chuma pakati pa Ecuador. Iyo imayimba mbali yaikulu mu moyo m'dzikoli - pafupi ndi Quito likulu la Union of American South Nations.

Sucre (Bolivia) - 2810 mamita

Chikalata (oyendetsera dziko) mudzi waukulu wa Bolivia komanso moyenerera m'gulu likulu kwambiri lamapiri la dziko. Ngakhale mabungwe akuluakulu boma Sucre, panali chabe Supreme Court, ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri mizinda m'dzikolo. Chimodzi mwa anthu (pafupifupi 300 zikwi), ndi likulu la dipatimenti ya Chuquisaca.

Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1538 pansi pa dzina Ciudad de A La Plata de A La Nueva Toledo (Silver City Chatsopano Toledo), Sucre ali ndi chipwirikiti mbiri zakale n'kumusintha dzina angapo ake nthawi. Dzina panopa analandira mu 1839 mu ulemu wa ku Bolivia chosintha mtsogoleri Antonio José de A Sucre, amene anakhala pulezidenti woyamba wa dziko.

Ngati onse okwera mzinda, Sucre ili mu malo kwabasi kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi zipilala bwino anasunga a zomangamanga zimene zimapangitsa makamaka wokongola alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko.

Thimphu (byuteni) - 2648 mamita

Likulu la Ufumu wa Bhutan, unali pakati pa India ndi China, ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa Kathmandu (Nepal) - likulu la boma lina kuti kusochera pakati pa mapiri apamwamba a dziko - HimalayasI. Theka za gawolo dziko (384 000 ^km2) ili pamwamba 3000 m, wachisanu wa iwo yokutidwa ndi chisanu wosatha ndi oundana.

Thimphu n'kukhala likulu la ufumu kuyambira 1952, pamene obisika a inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIII, anaiika waukulu malamulo ndi wamkulu matupi a Bhutan. Lero ndi kukakhala nduna ya mutu panopa boma - Mfumu Jigme Singye Wangchuck ndi mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, wotchedwa Yehoasi Khenpo. Mu likulu la ufumu, pali pafupifupi 100 000 okhala.

Bogota (Colombia) - 2625 mamita

Bogota - ndi mzinda weniweni. Ichi ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yaikulu m'gulu likulu kwambiri lamapiri la dziko ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri a chokhala America South ndi malo malo ndi anthu. Mu 2015, panali anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 8.5 anthu, ndi kukula zonse chiwerengero cha alendo latsopano.

Mzindawu uli pamalo amasonyeza kuti ali mbali ya lalikulu mkulu yachonde ya Altiplano, limene lili pakati pa Cordilleras. Dera limeneli imatengedwa zivomezi zikhoza. Ngakhale Bogota pafupifupi ziro kumpoto pa equator, chifukwa cha m'dera lokwera palibe kutentha. Mu madera ozungulira anapanga wapadera dera achilengedwe, mtundu wa m'tchire, nyengo ulimi.

likulu la Colombia anakhazikitsidwa mu 1536 ndi wotchuka Spanish Spain Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Iwo unali likulu la gulu ufulu, izo kakusintha nkhondo mkati. Bogota lero - wamphamvu zachuma ndi chikhalidwe likulu la dziko ndi South America lonse, amene ali ndi kuthekera mkulu. The zogwirizana chitukuko cha zomangamanga - ntchito yaikulu anakumana ndi mitu onse akuluakulu a dziko. List mavuto mzinda mpaka posachedwapa lotsogoleredwa ndi umbanda, koma chifukwa cha zochita zikuluzikulu maulamuliro, iye anataya sharpness.

mzinda ndi achilendo khalidwe la yonse ya kugawikana America ndi South m'madera angapo ndi udindo osiyana umoyo ndi zachuma a anthu. Anthu a zitaganya olemera misonkho zina kuthandiza okhala slum.

Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - 2355 mamita

Mudzi, dzina ku chinenero cha mmodzi wa mitundu - Amhara - likumasuliridwa kuti "maluwa watsopano", kungathandize kwambiri ngati likulu la Boma la Soviet African. Anthu ali mlingo kukula pafupifupi 4% pachaka ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 3.5 anthu.

Likulu Aitiopiya ili ku phiri la Entoto, kuchokera mamita okwera 2326 pafupi Bole International Airport ndi kutalika kwa zoposa 3,000 mamita m'chigawo chakumpoto. Kuphatikiza m'dera lokwera ndipo zone kunyanja zimapangitsa nyengo omasuka, poyerekeza ndi m'zigwa za Africa.

Anakhazikitsa Addis Ababa mu 1886 Mfumu Menelik II kumene mkazi wake anasankha Tahiti. Iwo anakopeka magwero a madzi mchere, amene anamenya pa m'tsinde mwa phiri. Lero, mzinda lidzasinthidwa achisangalalo likulu la Africa, kumene mahotela mukumangidwa, kugula ndi zosangalatsa malo mkulu mlingo.

Asmara (Eritrea) - 2325 mamita

Ziwiri ya m'mapiri mayiko pa chikweza limodzi - Ethiopia ndi Eritrea, nthawi yayitali ndi chitaganya umodzi. Pamene boma Aitiopiya mu 1961 akufuna kuti Eritrea wina wa maiko ake, kulimbana ufulu wodzilamulira.

Mu 1993, pa Africa, mtundu watsopano, ndipo mndandanda, kutanthauza yabwino ya m'mapiri likulu la dziko yakhala kukodzedwa Asmara. anthu a mumzindawo ndi 650 000 okhala.

Eritrea unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a m'madera amene anali madera Italy mu Africa. Maonekedwe atsopano a likulu m'njira zambiri aumbike mwa 30 ntchentche za m'ma XX, pamene Mussolini ankafuna kuchita Asmara chitetezo cha tsogolo ufumu atsamunda. Asmara ankatchedwa "Little Rome", ndi maina Italy ndi miyambo zimasungika mu mzinda kutali.

San (Yemen) - 2250m

mzinda ndi anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni anthu - umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Malinga ndi nthano, idamangidwa ndi Semu, mwana wa Nowa. mzinda osungidwa chuma chenicheni a zomangamanga Arabia ndi mbiri zaka chikwi. Mu 1986, mzinda anatchedwa World Heritage Site ya United Nations. Kuteteza zipilala mbiri pangozi chifukwa cha malo Sana'a ku malo, amene ali kufunika njira kudera lonse. m'tawuni zambiri zochitika za nkhondo ya lonse osiyana.

Poona kuti achulukane malo amenewa amapanga zosinthika kawirikawiri kwa nyengo chipululu. Malo okwezeka a mzinda kumathandiza chakuti iye ndi zolimbitsa kuposa m'madera ambiri a ku Arabiya. Pali chosowa monga kwambiri ozizira komanso yotopetsa kutentha.

Mexico (Mexico) - 2240 mamita

Mexico chigwa, wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ndi mapiri, kufika kutalika kwa 5000 m, lili pa lokwera, gawo la Trans-Mexican Ziphala lamba. Pamalo a m'dera lino matauni anali nyanja yaikulu Texcoco. Mu gawo wofunika, pachilumba mu 1325 ndi Aaziteki linamangidwa mzinda wa mumzinda wa Tenochtitlán, lero Mexico City.

Pamalo a zimene anali nyanja, mzinda chimphona tinatengera chifukwa vutoli: kupanda ngalande runoff madzi oyenda pansi ku mapiri, ndi nthaka lotayirira, osati kupereka maziko odalirika nyumba. polimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, madzi, kupewa subsidence nthaka, kutsutsa ntchito zivomerezi - nthawizonse zakhala zinthu zofunika kwa mzinda wa Mexico City boma.

Mu dziko palibe kuthetsa anthu zoopsa izi, limene lili Pa msinkhu. Pa malo a 1485 ^km2 ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 8,9. Ngati ife kulankhula za Grand Mexico, amene anawonjezera kuti chilengedwe kugwirizana ndi Mexico City chuma ndi sayansi, akunena za agglomeration waukulu mu Chigawo cha Kumadzulo limene pali za miliyoni 21 okhala.

Mexico zili m'gulu la malikulu otchuka a dziko. Mndandanda wa mizinda wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, pamene iye anabwera pansi chiwerengero chitatu limasonyeza ndale, tanthauzo lake zachuma ndi chikhalidwe lonse la chitukuko.

Cities ndi malo apamwamba

N'zosadabwitsa kuti pali likulu, yomwe ili pansi pa nyanja: likulu la Azerbaijan Baku pansipa 28 ake mamita Ndipo mwa iwo amene akhoza zimachitika ndi okwera mkulu - Nairobi (Kenya) - 1795 m, Kabul (Afghanistan) - 1790 m, Windhoek (Namibia. ) - 1721 m, mumzinda wa Maseru (Lesotho) - 1673 m, Kigali (Rwanda) - 1567 m, Guatemala (Guatemala) - 1529 m, Harare (Zimbabwe) - 1483 m, Kathmandu (Nepal) - 1400 m.