Lev Kuleshov: yonena ndi chithunzi

Nkhaniyi limafotokoza mbiri ndi ntchito ya Lev Kuleshov. Pa moyo wake, anatha kupeza screenwriter, mphunzitsi, dokotala Art History ndi Artist Anthu a Soviet Union. Komanso anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kuphunzira kulunjika a kujambula ndi kusintha luso.

deta zofunika

Lev Kuleshov anakhala yowala ndi zokongola moyo, zonse zochitika. Iye mobwerezabwereza anamasulidwa mabuku autobiographical, odziwika kwambiri pakati pawo ali "Cinema Art" ndi "Kodi ndinakhala Dayilekita," komanso chiwerengero cha nkhani ya m'magazini "Bulletin mu Cinematography", cholinga chachikulu cha zimene anali kuuza owerenga zinamuchitikira luso.

Mu ntchito zake, Kuleshov ankaona kuti wosewera malo ofanana, komanso nthawi zambiri yotsirizira mbali ngakhale zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, munthu wotchuka zikuluzikulu za ndondomeko ya kulenga filimu si wotsogolera ndi wojambula. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngati wotsogolera alibe luso okwanira luso, inu sadzakhoza kulenga ntchito yabwino.

Mwachitsanzo, Leo anatchulapo choncho pamene woyera hairpin hairstyle pa mdzakazi wa asokoneza kuganiza onse kusewera zisudzo kusewera atazunguliridwa ndi zokongola za wakuda veleveti. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti filimu makamaka zithunzi, kuchita matsenga, choncho ndi wojambula-wotsogolera ayenera kumathandiza kwambiri popanga filimu.

kuphunzira

Mofanana ndi bambo ake omwe anamwalira mu 1911, Leo mwamsanga anayamba kuona kufuna kwa wokongola ndipo anachita chidwi pa luso zabwino, koma Zitatero ndi phunziro ake apamtima a Lev Kuleshov akanangokhoza atadya mu 1914 ndi amake ndi m'bale anasamukira ku moyo mu Moscow. Kumeneko, pambuyo pa maulendo mobwerezabwereza kuti luso situdiyo, anaganiza kuphunzira kujambula komanso ojambula zithunzi zazikulu, ndipo iwo amayamba maphunziro ku wojambula-wophunzitsa I. F. Smirnova. Pa maphunziro anatha osati kuti ana anu azikonda Leo kupenta chakale, komanso kuphunzira kusiyanitsa ntchito kwambiri a zofufuzafufuza lapansi. Zinali pa umboni wa mphunzitsi Kuleshov ndi kuwerenga buku lake loyamba lathu ndale, monga "Capital" Karla Marksa ndi Lenin ndi mabuku Plekhanov a.

Nditamaliza maphunziro aliyense payekha, iye analowa wotchuka Moscow School of Painting, kumene kale ophunzitsidwa osati kokha atate wake, komanso wotchuka ndakatulo Vladimir Mayakovsky, amene anamaliza pang'ono kale. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti naye pa Kuleshov kenako mabwenzi amphamvu.

banja

Aliyense m'banja analibe maganizo a mmene munthu wapadera adzakhala Lev Kuleshov, wina moyo anadzazidwa ndi unyinji wa zochitika. Iye anabadwa pa January 1 (kalembedwe akale) 1899 mu Tambov. atate wake, Vladimir Sergeyevich, anabwera kuchokera ku banja losauka mfulu. Pa nthawi ina, asamvere makolo, Vladimir akubwera kuphunzira luso labwino pa sukulu imodzi ya Moscow, umene kupitiriza kuphunzira ndi mwana wake Leo.

Atamaliza maphunzirowo,, mwatsoka, sanathenso kuyamba ntchito m'munda wa kupenta ndipo anapita kukagwira ntchito zoposa wodzichepetsa malo mu Tambov remingtonista bungwe lapadziko lapansi. Ndipotu ophatikizana malo awiri mwakamodzi, ndipo anali kalaliki ndi typist. Pa nthawi yomweyo wofuna zilandiridwenso chinamuchititsa kuyamba kuchita yopuma dzanja okokedwa chithunzi chanu. Mayi Mkango Pelagia Alexandrovna ankavala namwali dzina Shubin. ali mwana ankakhala mu osungirako ana amasiye, pambuyo amasulidwe umene uli ku ukwati ntchito m'mudzi monga mphunzitsi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chithunzi ake pa nthawi atate wake, akadali atapachikidwa mu nyumba Lev Kuleshov. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kuleshov anali mchimwene Boris, amene anafa pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

kumulakalaka zisudzo

Mofanana ndi anthu ambiri kulenga, Lev Kuleshov sunapewe chilakolako cha zisudzo.

Ngakhale ngati mwana wa wojambula-mphunzitsi I. F. Smirnova, iye anali kugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe chimodzi mwa zinthu za sewerolo "Eugene Onegin" kwa zisudzo Zimin, koma ntchito ufulu wodzilamulira mu zisudzo Kuleshov, samadziwika pa nthawi mabwalo luso, palibe amene aitanidwa. N'chifukwa chake, ngakhale akuyesetsa ake onse, loto la ntchito ed ndipo analephera matupi.

ntchito Early

Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich ayambirira kinodeyatelnostyu mu 1916, pamene anatha kupeza ntchito monga zojambulajambula zokongoletsera mu filimu situdiyo A. Khanzhonkov. Osati ntchito lomaliza ankaimba ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo mayi mmodzi wa ana asukulu anzake, amene anayambitsa filmmaker Leo A. Gromov, amene kale anathandizanso filimu situdiyo. Pamenepa ndi pamene talente imodzi ya mnyamata anatha atumiza mu mphamvu. Motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera Evgeniya Bauera, amene anakumana nawo pa ntchito, Leo msanga amadziwa ndizosowa ntchito yatsopano. Mu limodzi mwa mabuku ake autobiographical Kuleshov anatchula ntchito ndi Bauer anali zimasiyana ntchito ndi atsogoleri ena, monga zilandiridwenso unfettered a Leo, kulola achinyamata kuti awulule kwathunthu talente awo.

M'tsogolo, ntchito ndi ntchito otsogolera ena m'njira Kuleshov chikukwaniritsidwa zambiri chachimuna khalidwe. Ngakhale kuti panthawi imeneyo anali ndi zaka 18 zokha, iye kale pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutsatira njira woyamba kukhala kalembedwe anu pamene inu kupanga filimu zokongola.

The kupambana loyamba

Ngakhale pamaso pa ziphunzitso zawo m'munda wa kuwombera kanema, Lev Kuleshov, amene mafilimu apitiriza kukhala otchuka kwambiri, unakhalabe makamaka ogwira ntchito. Kotero, pachiyambi cha ntchito yake, iye amaika pamodzi ndi filimu motsogoleredwa ndi V. Polonsky amatchedwa "Chikondi Song Nedopetaya". Komabe, mwatsoka, filimuyi filimu alibe anapulumuka masiku ano.

Mu 1918, iye amaika filimu yake amatchedwa "Project akatswiri okonza Prayta". Mwatsoka, ntchito likugwiritsidwa ndime, koma Kuyamikira dzina Kuleshov amatchulidwa kawiri: onse monga wotsogolera komanso wojambula. Iye amayesetsa kusonyeza mwachizolowezi anthu amphamvu ndi athanzi amene amakhala mu dziko lenileni, motero kanthu mu filimu inajambulidwa mu mafakitale, maofesi sitima ndi sukulu. Atangoyamba filimu anatuluka, iye amapeza ntchito pa Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros monga mutu wa gawo kusintha filimu pamodzi mkulu wa newsreels.

Mafilimu wotchuka

The zochitika kudzifutukula patsogolo ndale 1918-1920, anapeza chinyezimiro weniweni zojambula, zimene anajambula Lev Kuleshov. filmography wake wonena. Wotchuka newsreel matepi:

• "Oyamba a zotsalira za Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Baibulo la Komiti ya Executive chapakati m'chigawo lina la Tver."
• "Ural".
• "The First Onse-Russian ntchito tsiku."

Pakati kujambula kanema "Pa Red Front" ndi "The Waukulu Zopatsa Chidwi cha Bambo West Dziko la Bolsheviks," Kuleshov, amene bwinobwino anakhazikitsa lokha ngati Dayilekita, amalowerera kulenga kinomasterskuyu yake, kulemba chiwerengero cha nkhani ntchito monga mphunzitsi mu filimu sukulu boma.

maulemu

Ngakhale kuti Lev Kuleshov anajambula kwambiri mafilimu wake, kulenga ake enieni kudzachitika wolemera zinachitika kokha pa mapeto a ntchito yake directorial:

• 1933 - "The Great Consoler."
• 1942 - "lumbiro la Timur" Tiyerekezenso kuti A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "Ndife ku Urals lapansi."

Mu 1941, ntchito yaikulu Kuleshov amatchedwa "ndizosowa wa Film kutsogolera" linasindikizidwa, lomwe linamasuliridwa m'zinenero ambiri achilendo ndi kunathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ndondomeko cinematic.

Pambuyo pake, Leo wasankha kudzipereka kwa kuphunzitsidwa VGIK, kuti kuphunzitsa luso la oyang'anira wamng'ono kupanga mafilimu.

Kuleshov zotsatira

Ngati wina ali ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa njira filimu kuwombera, choncho Lev Kuleshov, unsembe umene kwa nthawi yoyamba analola kulumikiza zidutswa payokha analanda Chrixitu molumikizana ndi nkhope ya munthu ankati kuona ndi kuzindikira angapo maganizo osiyana. mfundo iyi akutchedwa "Kuleshov Mmene" mu dziko cinematic.

Kenako chinyezimiro zotsatira inkakhala chakuti chiwerengero cha phokoso superimposed pa diso, ndipo nayenso, ndi polyphonic ndipo malingana ndi mtundu m'njira zosiyanasiyana anasonyeza amanena.

Pomaliza

Pa moyo wake, Kuleshov walandira angapo mphoto wolemekezeka, udindo ndi digiri ya sayansi:

• Doctor wa Tirhana.
• Chithunzi anthu a RSFSR lapansi.
• Dongosolo la Lenin.
• Dongosolo la Red mbendera ya Labor.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Lev Kuleshov amakonda kucheza ndi mkazi wake Aleksandroy Hohlovoy. Iye anafa pa March 29, 1970 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu manda Novodevichy (1 malo, mzere 14).