Mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono pansi maso ndi (zithunzi)

Popeza kuti tili ndi majeremusi anatsegula Dutch wasayansi Leeuwenhoek. Kenako, Pasteur anali kupeza ulalo pakati pawo ndi matenda ambiri. Tizilombo Padziko Lapansi ena woyamba ndipo tinkakondana mwangwiro moyo mpaka pano, pambuyo wotanganidwa pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lonse. Zikupezeka mu awatulutsira otentha a mapiri ndi Madzi oundana mu zipululu louma m'madzi dziko nyanja. Komanso, iwo ali bwino anakakhala zina zamoyo Bwinobwino kumeneko, nthawizina kubweretsa mbuye wake ku imfa.

Monga tizilombo toyambitsa anapeza?

Antoniy Levenguk anatulukira maso ndi thandizo la imasowa zimene sangathe kuona ndi apoyera. Zinali 1676. Kamodzi anayambitsa zofufuza kuti ndidziwe chifukwa tsabola tincture wa moto lilime, anayang'ana pa ilo pansi maso, ndipo yankho kwambiri. Pa dontho la zinthu, monga ngati mu mtundu wina wa zongopeka dziko kukuzungulira, motsetsereka, akukankha kapena kugona mazana a timitengo, mipira, mizere yozungulira, mbedza. Ndicho chimene tizilomboto pansi simungathe kutiona. Leeuwenhoek anayamba kufufuza pansi maso onse amene anabwera m'manja, ndipo kulikonse anasonyeza pamaso mazana a zolengedwa wosadziwika, amene adayitana animalkulyami. Scientist anafukula kwa zolengeza awo mano komanso anayang'ana pa iye ndi chida. Pamene iye analemba mu zolengeza animalkuley anali kuposa okhala padziko UK. zofufuza yosavuta anayambitsa sayansi lonse lotchedwa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso (nkhungu mkate chithunzi).

Tizilombo - ali ichi kapena icho?

Tizilombo akutchedwa gulu lalikulu la mogwirizana, amagwilizanitsa anthu nyukiliya ufulu (mabakiteriya archaea), ndi kukhala ndi pakati (bowa). Padziko Lapansi, iwo ambirimbiri. Ena mabakiteriya, pali za miliyoni nyama. chiwerengero A mbali iwo ali zamoyo. Ambiri chidwi tione ngati tizilomboto pansi simungathe kutiona. Iwo amayang'ana osiyanasiyana ndithu. Makulidwe tizilomboto zimasiyana microns 0,3 kwa 750 (1 micron liri masauzande imodzi millimeter a). Mu mawonekedwe ali wozungulira ngati mpira (cocci), ndodo woboola pakati (Bacillus ndi ena), wopota mu mwauzimu (spirilla, vibrio), ngati cubes, nyenyezi ndi bublichki. tizilomboto ambiri michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi villi ndi kayendedwe bwino. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi zokhala ndi selo imodzi, koma pali multicellular Mwachitsanzo, bowa, tizilombo buluu wobiriwira algae (chithunzi nkhungu bakiteriya).

Umoyo ndi malo

Ambiri amadziwika lero tizilomboto kulibe mu kutentha amtengo ofunda. madigiri 40 ndipo pamwamba, iwo asungidwe kupitirira ola, ndipo pamene yophika anapha yomweyo. Komanso kuchipatala izi zoipa ndi dzuwa. Komabe, pakati pawo pali othamanga kwambiri kupirira ngakhale + 400 ° C! A bakiteriya flavobaktin amakhala stratosphere ndi, si mantha cheza aliyense ozizira kapena dziko.

mabakiteriya onse kupuma. chimodzi chokha mpweya pamafunika, ndi ena - carbon dioxide, amoniya, hydrogen ndi zinthu zina. Chinthu chokha chimene inu muyenera tizilomboto onse - madzi. Ngati palibe madzi, zigwirizane ngakhale ntchofu. Awa ndi tizilombo kuti moyo mu thupi la nyama ndi anthu. Akuti aliyense wa ife za 2 makilogalamu tizilomboto. Iwo ali m'mimba, matumbo, mapapo, khungu, pakamwa. Kwambiri majeremusi ambiri pansi zikhadabo (pansi maso ziri mwangwiro). Masana, ife ntchito manja pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, anakakhala majeremusi ali pa iwo, pa manja awo. sopo wamba amapha majeremusi kwambiri, koma pansi misomaliyo, makamaka yaitali iwo yochulukirapo ndi kugwa bwinobwino (chithunzi pa khungu la bakiteriya).

chakudya

Tizilombo, monga anthu, mapuloteni chakudya, chakudya, zowonjezera mchere, mafuta. Ambiri a iwo ali "ngati" mavitamini.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa tizilomboto pansi simungathe kutiona ndi mawonekedwe abwino, inu mukhoza kuwona dongosolo lawo. Ali nucleoid kusunga DNA, ribosomes, Mapuloteni apanga ku amino zidulo, ndi Kakhungu wapadera. Kudzera tizilomboto ake timadya chakudya. Pali mabakiteriya autotrophic assimilating ayenera zinthu kuchokera mankhwala zochita kupanga. Pali heterotrophic, zimenezi zitha kudyetsedwa okonzeka zopangidwa mankhwala organic. Izi yisiti chidwi, nkhungu, inali kuwola mabakiteriya. mankhwala Human chakudya Lachitatu awo ambiri aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino. Pali paratrofnye tizilomboto kuti unalipo likuvutika organic nkhani zina zamoyo. Zikuphatikizapo onse mabakiteriya. Zambiri tizilombo kupatula halophiles, sangaonekerenso malo ndi ndende mkulu mchere. Mbali imeneyi ntchito pickling chakudya (chithunzi chinzonono mabakiteriya).

kubalana

Amazipanga, mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya alipo ndondomeko kugonana, ngakhale mu maonekedwe wosazindikira kwambiri. Yankholo mu kufala kwa majini cholowa makolo maselo mbewu. Izi zimachitika ndi kufunsa "makolo" kapena mayamwidwe wina ndi mzake. Chifukwa, mikroby- "ana" adzalandira makhalidwe a makolo onse. Koma ambiri a majeremusi ndi mabakiteriya kubereka kugawa ndi constriction yopingasa kapena budding. Kusunga tizilomboto pansi simungathe kutiona, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe ena a iwo kumalekezero pali mphukira yaing'ono (Mphukira). Iye chikuwonjezereka, ndiye wosiyana ndi chamoyo akuchikazi ndipo akuyamba ufulu. Tating'onoting'ono "mayi" mwa njira zimenezi zingabweretse 4 ana, kenako n'kufa (chithunzi Helicobacter pylori, amachititsa zilonda m'mimba, khansa).

Tizilomboto zimasiyana ndi mavairasi?

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya - ali yemweyo. Koma ichi ndi cholakwika. Mavairasi, kukhala mitundu ochuluka kuposa moyo, ndi zamoyo kuti moyo yekha likuvutika ena. Ngati tikuona tizilomboto pa maso kapena galasi lokulitsira, ndi mavairasi amene zosakwana zana zina mabakiteriya, tinganene kuti kokha wamphamvu elekitironi microscopes. Lililonse HIV limodzi - majeremusi amene amayambitsa matenda mwa anthu, zomera, nyama ndi ngakhale mabakiteriya. Yotsirizira akutchedwa bacteriophages. Padziko lapansi, ndi yokulirapo kuposa mabakiteriya. Mwachitsanzo, mu nyanja madzi supuni pafupifupi 250 miliyoni. M'madziwo Choncho zothandiza kuti lili mabakiteriya kupha bacteriophages. Kamodzi Ufumuyo thupi mabakiteriya, iwo kuwononga chigoba chake ndi kupeza mkati. Pali mavairasi anayamba kutulutsa mtundu wawo, chifukwa, selo umafa. Monga zinthu virusofagi. Mundawu ntchito mankhwala kwa kupanga mankhwala (mu chithunzi - bacteriophages).

Majeremusi-anzanu

Modabwitsa, kokha chakhumi cha lipange wathu maselo - makamaka anthu. Ena a mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Izi mabakiteriya chithunzi pansi maso ndi bifidobacteria. Imatithandiza kugaya chakudya, kuteteza motsutsana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutulutsa amino zidulo. mabakiteriya wathu m'mimba ndi wofunika kwambiri. Komabe, pokhapokha ngati chiwerengero chawo ndi mosamalitsa moyenera. Mwamsanga pamene mabakiteriya aliyense amakhala kuposa zofunika, munthu ali zosiyanasiyana matenda, kuchokera dysbiosis kwa zilonda zam'mimba.

Kukhala zothandiza ndipo lactic mabakiteriya asidi, "opanga makampani" yogurt kwa ife, tchizi, yogurt. Mabakiteriya ndi ntchito mu kupanga vinyo, yisiti herbicides zachilengedwe, feteleza ndi zambiri.

adani athu koipa

Kuwonjezera mabakiteriya "wabwino", pali gulu lalikulu la asilikali a "oipa" - tizilombo. Zikuphatikizapo Yersinia pestis, bakiteriya diphtheria, chindoko, TB, khansa ndi zina zotero. "Bad" tizilomboto otizungulira lipange. Iwo ali paliponse, koma makamaka kwambiri a iwo mu malo onse - pa amangomvera mu mabasi ndi magalimoto, pa ndalama, ndi zimbudzi anthu. Majeremusi pa manja anu pansi maso, pamene ife tiyang'ana pa iwo atabwerera ku sitolo, basi lokhala ndi. Choncho, manja tiyenera kutsukidwa kawirikawiri, koma popanda zotentheka. Kugwiritsira ntchito antibacterial ndi osafunika, monga imbaendesa munthu ku dryness wa khungu ndi imafoola chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Chodandaulitsa pamaso pa chifukwa ndi majeremusi pa mano pansi simungathe kutiona. Iwo anabwera kwa ife mu kamwa ndi chakudya, nampsopsonetsa, pamene kupuma. Ndi angati a iwo pa kamwa, n'zovuta kunena ngati okha wamsuwachi angathe kuwerenga mpaka 100 miliyoni majeremusi. Makamaka ngati wamsuwachi ndi kusungidwa mu chipinda chomwecho ndi chimbudzi. Tizilombo mkamwa ndi oyambitsa a caries, matenda periodontal, matenda opatsirana. Ntchito chingalepheretse kuyeretsa awo zonse mano ndi manenedwe, ndi nthawi iliyonse chakudya - antibacterial kukonzekera mouthwash.