Mafupa - masewera. Mafupa - Olympic masewera

Mafupa - masewera chomwe mu mbadwa atagona pa mimba yake pa sled dvuhpolozevyh wothamanga pa ayezi chute. Zinachitika kwa zipangizo zamakono masewera - ndi Chinorowe nsomba Åke. Wopambana ndi amene mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka, amapita patali.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mfundo yoyamba za mpikisano Masewera a Luge zapakati pa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene Switzerland British alendo anayesa kupita pansi pa sled phirilo chipale anaphimba otsetsereka. Mafupa - Mu 1883, pa Swiss ski achisangalalo, lomwe tsopano amalitcha kuti aliyense wabizinesi, choyamba mpikisano mayiko chokhala masiku ano amadziwika masewera anali m'magulu. Zithunzi ku nyuzipepala ya m'nthawi imeneyo amasonyeza kuti sled za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi masiku ano. Patapita zaka zingapo, munthu wa ku England ndi dzina Child anadabwa kwambiri anzake latsopano zida kapangidwe masewera. Iye ananena kwa zitsulo n'kupanga ndi m'lifupi mwake za makumi awiri millimeters.
Zinali ndiye ndi panali dzina "mafupa" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek momwe "mafupa", "mafupa". Dzinali munakhala bwino. Mafupa opanda chiwongolero, okonzeka ndi zolemeletsedwa chimango kutalika 70 ndi 38 masentimita m'lifupi ndipo yakwera njanji zitsulo. kupsyolela wothamanga wake mabodza chafufumimba, ukugwira ntchito spikes wapadera pa zala za nsapato anapanga.

mpikisano loyamba

Mafupa ndi chidwi kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo osati sizachilendo masewera. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake ndi chitukuko cha nthawi yochepa. Mu 1905, mpikisano woyamba masewera pa obadwa kuchokera paphiri sled anali bungwe kunja Switzerland - mu mapiri Austria wa Styria. Chaka chotsatira panali woyamba dziko Championship mu mafupa. patatha zaka zisanu, pa chiyambi cha 1912, ku Germany, ophatikizana masewera othamanga awiri analengedwa: umodzi ndi mafupa, ndipo patatha chaka m'dziko lomwelo anayamba kukhala ndi thupi lotseguka. The Russian yozizira masewera - mafupa - pang'onopang'ono anayamba kufalitsa mu dera la Kaliningrad. Komabe, First World nkhondo kwa nthawi yaitali mochedwa chitukuko mu mayiko a ku Ulaya. Izo zinali kokha mu 1921 pafupi St. Moritz anakhoza ndi Championship lotseguka kutsikatsika pa sled a.

zina

Mafupa - masewera ndi oopsa kwambiri. Pa wobadwiramo sled ndi inapita patsogolo kwa imathamanga mkulu. Poyerekeza ndi mafupa Masewera a Bobsleigh wokakamiza amafuna kuyeza kwambiri. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ndicho kuti kulemera kwa wothamanga ndi tirigu amuna sayenera upambana 115, ndi akazi - 92 makilogalamu. Nthawi zina, malamulo amaloledwa katundu ballast sled.

Malinga ndi malamulo okhazikika kwa zaka zopitirira zana zapitazo, njira mpikisano pa mtundu uwu masewera monga sled ndi, ayenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi mfundo za chofunika. Choyamba kotala kilometre njira ayenera anakonza chotero kuti akhoza kupereka luger kufalitsa kwa wamtunda wokwana milingo zana paola. Otsiriza mamita zana kapena zana ndi makumi asanu mtunda ayenera sloped digiri khumi. Izi zachitika kuti, liza, wothamanga bwinobwino kusiya. Komanso, zonse Masewera a Luge mayendedwe mayiko, pamene mafupa a mpikisano, okwera pa mzere poyambira ndi mfundo mapeto ayenera kukhala mamita zana kapena kupitirirapo. Yerekezerani zodabwitsa kuti wothamanga akupita pansi pa sled wamng'ono atagona pa mimba yake patsogolo mutu pa liwilo kuchokera kutalika kwa nyumba 33 storey.

chikhazikitso

Malamulo Mayiko Olympic zokhudza mafupa muli chakudya angapo ofunika. Choyamba, mpikisano umenewu masewera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito Masewera a Bobsleigh Masewera a Luge njanji ndi kutalika osachepera mamita 1,200, ndi pazipita - mamita 1650. Pa chiyambi cha kufika skeletonschik kuthamanga sprints (mathamangitsidwe kutalika - mamita 25-40) kenako m'mimba pansi ndi mutu patsogolo mofulumira imagwera pa sled ndi njanji pafupifupi chakuwuluka. The wothamanga ayenera kukhala mu malo mwachindunji, mikono anatambasula pamodzi thupi.

Mafupa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu pa masewero a Olympic

Aliyense akudziwa kuti mafupa - ndi Olympic masewera. Ndipo anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa Zima Games mofanana St. Moritz kale mu 1928. Woyamba golide Mendulo anapambana ndiye woimira United States Jennison Heaton. Patatha zaka makumi awiri, mu mzinda womwewo mu 1948, mafupa a kachiwiri analengeza mu pulogalamu ya mpikisano. Popeza 1969, mpikisano anayamba kutenga malo mu magawo angapo, anabalalika pa nthawi ya miyezi isanu monga mu nkhani iyi, zotsatira zake zomalizira asang'ambe amadalira nyengo.

mafupa lero

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya masewera anali ankalowa mu bungwe la International Federation ya Masewera a Bobsleigh ndi Mafupa. Mu 1982 anali woyamba World Cup mafupa mu St. Moritz. Iwo anatenga othamanga khumi ochokera m'mayiko asanu European. Mafupa - masewera kuti tsopano osauka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ku Russia. Iwo zikugwira m'makontinenti anayi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, Sukulu mayiko a mafupa anawaphunzitsa osati othamanga, komanso mabogi mu maiko osiyanasiyana. ngakhale zochitika zapadera yapangidwa.

mafupa Federation

Pamodzi ndi mpikisano World Cup ndi Federation la International pachaka magawo a ndime pansi pa dzina "Tyrol Cup", amene akhoza kuyesa dzanja lawo wamng'ono ndiponso wosadziwa othamanga. Mafupa - masewera imene America ndi zabwino kwambiri. Choncho, mu 2002 pa Zima Olympic ku Salt Lake City olankhulira kwathunthu anagwidwa ndi makamu, oimira United States anapambana mphatso zonse.

Kutsikatsika pa sled ndi panopa bungwe ndipo imayang'anira bungwe la International Federation ya Masewera a Luge. Mafupa - masewera otchuka lero padziko lonse. Iwo ngakhale kuchita m'mayiko amenewa otentha, monga South Africa, Australia ndi Mexico. Mu Russia, analandira kufalitsa yogwira zaka zingapo zapitazo. Komabe, mu 2001, othamanga Russian anatha kuonetsa zotsatira owala pa thupi lalikulu padziko lonse.

Mafupa mu dziko lathu

Mu 2002 Ekaterina Mironova - mbuye wa mafupa dziko la akazi - pachikhalidwe chiwiri pa Games ku Salt Lake City. Ndipo mu chaka chamawa pa Championships World mpira ndi, kuwina ndi Mendulo siliva, atchuke mu mathamangitsidwe wa njanji. Zikho mu mafupa pa othamanga Russian pamaso izo sizinali. Mu 2008, Russian nzika Alexander Tretyakov mpikisano wa World Cup unachitika mu Igls, anali komweko akhoza kumuchotsera mbiri Inde ndipo anapambana Mendulo siliva. Mu 2009, iye chinachitika mu World Cup. Pa Sochi Olympic chaka chino Tretyakov, anapambana n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi, kukhala woyamba Olympic ngwazi mu mafupa, amene ndinali nawo mwayi woti tipambana, pokhala Mulingo wa akulamulira ngwazi dziko. othamanga Russian kuti si asokoneza mafani awo chigonjetso, koma Olympians panopa mwabweretsa athu dziko awiri mendulo Olympic. Chachiwiri Mendulo kwa dziko - ndi mkuwa - akazi anapambana Elena Nikitina. Tikukhulupirira kuti mafupa kumbuyo nthawi yaitali ndipo kwambiri. Tsopano, pamene akuthamanga toboggan mukumangidwa ku likulu onse Olympic, anaonekera chikhulupiriro kuti masewera salinso kutha!